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	Tuvans - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tuvans (or Tuvinians) are a group of Turkic people who make up about two thirds of the population of Tuva.
		The Tuvan language belongs to the Northern or Siberian branch of the Turkic language family.
		Tuvans in China are included under the Mongol nationality.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tuvans (228 words)

	Tuva - Wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tuvans (or Tuvinians), a group of Turkic people, make up about two thirds of the population, and Russians (who live primarily in urban areas) the rest.
		Tuvan language belongs to the Turkic language group.
		It was annexed by the USSR in 1944 as an autonomous region and became an autonomous republic in 1961.
	wikipedia.findthelinks.com /tu/Tuva.html (285 words)

	East Asian Studies 210 Notes: The Tuvans
		In the 19th century the Tuvans were sometimes known as the Uryankhai (pronounced "oo-rin-HIGH"), which meant "distant forest people." Because of their proximity to and long historic interaction with their eastern neighbors, the Mongols, the Tuvans speak a Turkic language that is heavily influenced by Mongol.
		Like the other Altai and Sayan tribes, the Tuvans and their ancestors lived under the domination of successive steppe empires and confederations, from the ancient Indo-Europeans of the Afanasyevo and Andronovo cultures to the Turks, the Mongols, and finally the imperial Chinese and tsarist Russians.
		Some of the semi-sedentary Tuvans planted millet and barely (which has recently been replaced by winter wheat.) Tuvan dwellings include both the portable felt yurt of all the steppe poeples, as well as the conical pole and bark tent of the taiga hunters; finally, some Tuvans lived in Russian-style wooden cabins.
	pandora.cii.wwu.edu /vajda/ea210/Tuva.htm (1199 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: Tuva Republic @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tuvans make up about 65% of the population, and Russians (who live primarily in urban areas) around 32%.
		Traditionally nomadic herders who engaged in supplemental hunting and agriculture, the Tuvans were encouraged by the Soviet government to adopt a sedentary mode of life, with an emphasis on collectivized agriculture.
		The Tuvans have a rich folklore and are skilled artisans in silver, bronze, wood, and stone.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1E1:TuvaRepu&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (371 words)

	International Travel News: Tuva... home to an independent people. @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The population of 300,000 consists of two-thirds Tuvans and the remainder are Russian.
		The Tuvans, are famous for stone carvings created from agalmatolite depicting nomadic life and shamanism.
		The shaman is dressed in a beautiful colorful robe and headdress and uses a drum and bells to communicate with the spirits in a trance-like manner.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:66497583&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (2108 words)

	Salon Arts & Entertainment \| "Genghis Blues" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Though the documentary doesn't directly mention it, one paradox about the contest, which grew out of its founder's zeal to preserve a cultural tradition, is that it presents throat-singing in a wholly artificial milieu.
		The Tuvans were nomadic herders, and some still are; throat-singing, which lone herdsmen did to relate to the land and to communicate with compatriots who were sometimes far away -- the sounds apparently carry very well -- was never intended as performance per se.
		Tuvan songs tend to be about rivers, grassland and other aspects of nature, and it's only after the camera traces the areas that inspire the music that the connection between form and content is fully made.
	www.salon.com /ent/movies/review/1999/07/09/genghis (1173 words)

	Wikinfo \| Tuva (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The traditional religion of Tuvans is animism, which is still widely practiced alongside Buddhism.
		Tuva, also known as Tannu Uriankhai, was controlled by the Mongols from the 13th to 18th centuries, then under Manchu rule from 1757 to 1911.
		During the 1911 revolution in China, tsarist Russia fomented a separatist movement among the Tuvans, whose territory became nominally independent before being made a Russian protectorate in 1914.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Tuva (378 words)

	New Internationalist: Sheep for the shaman: few people have heard of Tuva, a small country at the heart of Asia. Still ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		My colleague and friend Gansukh was giving me a Tuvan lesson when her brother Dorj arrived with a host of relatives from these nearby mountains.
		Tuvans believe there's a spirit in all fires and this was an offering.
		Gansukh and I finally finished my Tuvan lesson and began her English revision (I am training her to take over as the teacher in the school when I leave in a month's time).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0JQP/is_312/ai_30119831 (810 words)

	Benedikte Møller Kristensen - The Landscape of Knowledge: A Discussion of the Construction of Shamanistic ...
		The Duha Tuvan microcosm of landscape terms is characteristic in its use of body and clan terminology, where the landscape is named through mapping parts of the body unto the land, and through mapping former clan members into specific features of the land.
		The Duha Tuvan landscape can, as James Weiner and others have theorised about indigenous conceptualisations of landscape, be seen as iconic of human history, where individual lives are detotalized (Lévi-Strauss 1963) into a series of place names that taken in their entirety, stand for the totality of a clans history (see Weiner 1994: 600).
		Among rural Tuvans, shamanistic knowledge is reproduced and created through narratives, rituals and experience in the landscape, whereas urban Tuvans often are communicating the "value" of shamanistic cosmology to national and global audiences through written media.
	www.anthrobase.com /Txt/K/Kristensen_B_01.htm (3210 words)

	Tuva (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Of the population of approximately 310,000 people 97% are Tuvans.
		Tuvans are one of the oldest peoples to inhabit Central Asia with a unique culture.
		The mixture of cultural roots of ancient Tuvans, Uigurs and Kyrgyzians formed a the basis of the culture of the present-day.
	www.unpo.org /print.php?arg=53&par=73 (279 words)

	Spectrasonics - About Huun-Huur-Tu
		The Tuvans, a South Siberian Turkic people who number some 150,000, preserve what are arguably some of the world's oldest forms of music-making.
		Unlike our Western notions of music, Tuvans not only transform the sounds of the natural world into music through imitation; they also make sonic "maps" of physical landscapes which may be expressed in texted songs, throat-singing, whistling, or other types of vocal production.
		In short, Tuvan music is not abstract, like most Western music, but radically representational, the product of a cult of imitation that ties it to an animistic understanding of the world.
	www.spectrasonics.net /artists/htu.php (666 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Meaning "mirage" or "miracle" in Tuvan, Chirgilchin consists of producer, translator and percussionist Alexander Bapa, 42; the 1997-98 grand prize winning throat singer Igor Koshkendey, 22; and Mongun-ool Ondar, 25, winner of the 1992 Grand Prix at age 16, who knows 5-6 throat singing styles and is close to inventing his own style.
		During the evening, Chirgilchin's music also highlighted Tuvan folk instruments such as the doshpuluur (a kind of lute with two strings) with a jaunty folk tune with horse beats featuring three men in dreamy harmony interweaving the sygyt, khoomey and kargyraa throat singing styles.
		Their traditional songs capture the essence of the Tuvans, and at the same time have universal ties to the land, which bring listeners to places they long to be.
	www.sfworldmusicfestival.org /articles_tuvan.htm (921 words)

	Friends of Tuva Newsletter Issue 8
		Thus Tuvan music will be the last sounds that people hear in the movie, as the final credits roll, and will no doubt be reverberating in their heads as they wipe their eyes and leave the theater.
		Sainkho will not be singing traditional Tuvan songs; rather she will be singing and vocalizing an extremely wide range of sounds, some of them hard to believe that a human voice can make, interacting with the saxophone, bass clarinet, and other instruments played by Ned.
		The Tuvan flag, as portrayed on page 4 of Issue 8, follows the orientation of the flag pin sold in Tuva: the triangle is on the right so the confluence of the Yesnisey will be depicted with north at the top.
	www.fotuva.org /newsletters/fot8.html (4627 words)

	TuvaOnline \| Latest News From Tuva
		Tuvan KGB is reported to cut short an interregional narcochannel from Tuva to Khakasia.
		Leonid Natpit-ool is appointed chief-editor of the 'Tuvinskaya Pravda', oldest Tuvan news-paper.
		The case was reported to the Tuvan government by the owner of the livestock atacked by the predator.
	www.tuvaonline.ru /eng (1279 words)

	POST IMPRESSIONS ONLINE: Cinema Review
		It is the sound, according to Tuvans, of the gentle breezes of summer or the songs of birds.
		A friendship with Tuvan Kongar-Ol Ondar was born and a documentary made of the journey made to Tuva by Paul and a motley crew of friends and filmmakers so Paul could enter the triennial throat-singing contest for 1995.
		Geographically, politically and culturally isolated since the collapse of Genghis Khan's empire, Tuvans were overwhelmed to have in their midst an American who could throat sing and even speak some of their language.
	www.postnewspapers.com.au /20010505/impressions/cinema.shtml (793 words)

	Tour to republic of Tuva. Tuva tour. Trip to Tuva. Russia. Legendary tour. Legend tour. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Tuvans are nomadic pastoralists by nature Buddhist and shamanist by religion, Mongolian by cultural heritage, and Turkic by language.
		The traditional dwelling of the Tuvans in the west and the south is a felt yurt of the Mongolian type.
		The main Tuvan festivals are Shaaga, the Buddhist New Year, which corresponds to the lunar new year, and Naadym, in July, which is an occasion for long-distance horse-racing, traditional Tuvan wrestling and throat-singing.
	www.legendtour.ru /eng/russia/tuva/main.shtml (462 words)

	Huun-Huur-Tu - History
		It is indeed the Tuvan pastoralists' keen perception of natural landscapes and soundscapes that has most conspicuously shaped their music.
		Tuvans not only transform the sounds of the natural world into music through imitation; they also make sonic "maps" of physical landscapes which may be expressed in texted songs, throat-singing, whistling, or other types of vocal production.
		While the Tuvans' legacy of animism is at the core of their musical tradition, the tradition itself has broadened.
	www.huunhuurtu.com /history.html (1124 words)

	Tuva - Psychology Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Salchak Toka, the leader of Tuvan communists, was given the title of First Secretary of the Tuvan Communist Party and became a de-facto ruler of Tuva.
		Tuva was made the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast and then became the Tuva ASSR on October 10, 1961.
		This constitution was passed by 62.2% of Tuvans in a referendum on December 12, 1993.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Tuva (1365 words)

	Tuva, Land of Eagles. -The Foundation's 1993 Expedition to Tuva (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tuvan shamanic ceremony was quite colorful, with shamans reciting long verses, dancing, and singing to the accompaniment of their drums.
		Modern Tuvan culture is a blend of elements from the older pattern and that introduced by the Soviets.
		In Kyzyl and the larger towns Tuvans dress like Westerners, watch television, drive cars or ride in packed Russian buses, etc. But, in the countryside, extended families consisting of grandparents, parents, and children live in yurts without electricity and draw their water from a nearby stream.
	www.shamanicstudies.com /articles/1025228650.htm (9780 words)

	Friends of Tuva Newsletter Issue 6
		He is husky, as Tuvans go, and his French is on a par with that of your humble reporter, which is to say "not all that great".
		The four Tuvan men were sitting in our rented van with female FoT Deanne as they leafed through the dictionary, shouting out phrases that caught their attention, such as the now-irrelevant "Are you a member of the Communist Party?".
		Zappa presented the Tuvans with a tape of the performances they did for him during Zappa-Tuva I, and a little "extra something." The performances were very good, and the tape (to my ignorant ears) sounded well engineered.
	www.fotuva.org /newsletters/fot6.html (2700 words)

	Tuva, Center of Asia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Tuvans, originally of Mongolian heritage, accepted the Tibetan Lamaism already in the 14th century, which resulted in a big cultural change.
		From the beginning the Tuvans lived a nomadic life as hunters or cattle-breeders, nowadays the majority are domiciled.
		The interesting daily life of the Tuvans and the monument "Middle of Asia" are two of the main attractions in Kyzyl.
	www.mikalina.com /Texts/tuva_goegraphy.htm (1078 words)

	Content (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Referring to themselves simply as "Tuvans" (tyvalar),they are referred to by scholars geographically as the "Tsengel Tuvans," "Altai Tuvans" (Taube 1994), or (referring to the nearby and much less numerous group residing in the P.R.C. the "Jungur Tuva".
		Despite the lack of any state-sanctioned cultural institutions that would foster a distinct (e.g., non-Mongolian) ethnic identity, the Tsengel Tuvans appear to have successfully maintained much of their traditional practices, language, and cultural identity.
		Given their small numbers, their isolation and their position on the extreme periphery of the Tuvan culture area, the Tsengel Tuvans may represent an exemplary case of linguistic and cultural survival.
	www.mpi.nl /DOBES/WebpageDobes1/SubpagesTeams/SubpageASLEP/Content/Community1.htm (335 words)

	yat-kha CD
		Tuvans usually had to give a name to a horse using it's colour.
		Khakassians are relatives to Tuvans; they are from the same language family and have the similar history and traditions.
		He was from one of the Tuvan tribes and on the surface seems to have been in service at Genghis Khan.
	www.yat-kha.uklinux.net /cd.htm (1222 words)

	Laslo Kurti, KAZAKHS, TUVANS AND GYPSIES: "DISAPPEARING" SOCIALISMS VISUALIZED (part 1), AEER VOLUME 12, Numbers 1, ...
		This is especially true for some Tuvans who have been known as reindeer herders in the past, whereas those depicted in The Herders of Mongun-Taiga today rely on sheep herding, cattle raising and horses.
		Like other livestock herders, the Tuvans follow seasonal cycles as they move their herds to better pastures, a communal activity assisted by the state which provides lorries for the journey.
		In Shangri-La, fashion Tuvan religious values exist not in monasteries but in yurts and in the springs and valleys which are endowed with magical qualities.
	condor.depaul.edu /~rrotenbe/aeer/aeer12_1/kazakhs1.html (5212 words)

	New York Press
		It follows Paul Peña, a blind American blues singer, who figured out the Tuvan throat technique from a radio broadcast and recordings, then traveled to Tuva to sing in their national competition–and won first place.
		Dieter Dengler, a child of WWII Germany who came to the U.S. at age 18 with less than 50 cents in his pocket and a determination to be a pilot, is a monument to endurance.
		The resonant-overtone technique, used to a very different end, is also droned by Tibetan monks–who once had a Tuvan connection–as a meditation or trance device.
	www.nypress.com /print.cfm?content_id=8821 (595 words)

	The Poetry of Galsan Tschinag -- An Introduction
		The Tuvans, consisting of some four thousand native speakers of an oral Turkic language, are an endangered people.
		This people is mainly known in the West for their “throat-singing,” a type of laryngeal drone with simultaneous overtone that hauntingly evokes the wide steppes and background peaks of the Altai Range.
		A Tuvan Tale) was only permitted to appear in the GDR through the personal intervention of Strittmatter with the head of state, Erich Honecker.
	webpub.byu.net /rdh7/tschinag/intro.htm (2104 words)

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