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Topic: Tuvinian Peoples Republic

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	Tuva: Russia's Tibet or the Next Lithuania?
		Officially, 'Tannu', meaning taiga, was dropped in 1926 and the country became the People's Republic of Tuva, although it continued to be referred to by the former name.
		The most probable case, however, is one in which Russia's republics auction off their support in a constitutional showdown to the side offering the promise of the largest degree of autonomy.
		However, 'wretchedness', obscurity, and apparent economic nonviability by no means preclude a people from coming under the powerful sway of ethnonationalism and the drive for self-determination — or, as we have recently seen in Eritrea, from achieving internationally recognized independence.
	www.fotuva.org /misc/mcmullen.html (3510 words)

	Russia Minority Peoples and Their Territories
		The republic was established in 1920 as an autonomous oblast.
		The region, which as a republic occupies 415,900 square kilometers, was annexed by the principality of Muscovy in the fourteenth century, principally because of its rich fur-trading potential.
		The Republic of Mari El, formerly the Mari ASSR, is located in the middle Volga Basin on the north shore of the river, directly east of the city of Nizhniy Novgorod (formerly Gor'kiy).
	www.country-studies.com /russia/minority-peoples-and-their-territories.html (6057 words)

	Russia Minority Peoples and Their Territories
		It was redesignated as the Republic of Adygea in 1992.
		In 1989 the republic's population was 45 percent Kalmyk, 38 percent Russian, 6 percent Dagestani peoples, 3 percent Chechen, 2 percent Kazak, and 2 percent German.
		The Republic of Mari El, formerly the Mari ASSR, is located in the middle Volga Basin on the north shore of the river, directly east of the city of Nizhniy Novgorod (formerly Gor'kiy).
	country-studies.com /russia/minority-peoples-and-their-territories.html (6057 words)

	Russia - Minority Peoples and Their Territories
		It was redesignated as the Republic of Adygea in 1992.
		In 1989 the republic's population was 45 percent Kalmyk, 38 percent Russian, 6 percent Dagestani peoples, 3 percent Chechen, 2 percent Kazak, and 2 percent German.
		In 1920 Chuvashia became an autonomous oblast, and in 1925 it was redesignated an autonomous republic.
	countrystudies.us /russia/34.htm (6057 words)

	Russia Movements Toward Sovereignty, Chechnya
		Beginning in 1990, many of the constituent autonomous republics and regions, delineated at various stages of tsarist or Soviet control, used the chaos and centrifugal force created by the breakup of the Soviet Union to move toward local sovereignty.
		Although the declaration of full independence by the Chechen Autonomous Republic was the most extreme result of such moves, some observers felt that the political and economic stability of the Russian Federation was threatened by the separatism of regions that were valuable because of their strategic location or natural resources (see The Separatism Question, ch.
		Not far from Chechnya, a self-styled Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the North Caucasus emerged in 1992 in southwestern Russia, where the borders of the Russian Federation abut the Transcaucasian republics of the former Soviet Union.
	www.country-studies.com /russia/movements-toward-sovereignty,-chechnya.html (2618 words)

	Tuva -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Republic is located in extreme southern (A vast Asian region of Russia; famous for long cold winters) Siberia.
		The eastern part of the republic is forested and elevated, and the west is a drier lowland.
		There are numerous lakes on the republic's territory, many of which are glacial and (additional info and facts about salt lake) salt lakes.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/tu/tuva.htm (1361 words)

	。.。 Pun 。.。: Minority Peoples and Their Territories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		After the changes of the immediate post-Soviet years, twenty-one nationality-based republics existed in the Russian Federation and were recognized in the constitution of 1993Â .
		The steppe-dwelling Nogay ÐÐÐ“ÐÐÐ¦Ð« of Dagestan, the second Turkic group in the republic, are descendents of one of two Nogay hordes of the Middle Ages; the second and larger group settled to the west, in Stavropol' Territory, and speaks a different language.
		The region was settled by nomads of the steppe, the Turkic Bashkirs, during the thirteenth-century domination by the Golden Horde.
	hellopun.spaces.live.com /Blog/cns!8F8BE58579ABA6A2!156.entry (6941 words)

	Research Article- Ostrovskaya - JGB Volume 5
		The people who were to become known as the Tuvinians trace their origin to the Turkics living in the territory of the Central Asian states in the sixth to ninth centuries, namely Turkic and Eastern Turkic kaganats as well as Kirghiz and Uigurs states.
		Tuvinian is considered to be an Altaic language: Turkic, of the Uigur subfamily.
		The Tuvinians inhabited the mountainous areas in Eastern Altai, the Western and Eastern Sayan Mountains, and around the Yenisei River, which is the territory of the present republic of Tuva.
	www.globalbuddhism.org /5/ostrovskaya04.htm (11623 words)

	United Nations Human Rights Website - Treaty Bodies Database - Document - State Party Report - Kyrgyzstan
		Apartheid is not practised in the Kyrgyz Republic.
		Citizens of the Republic are equal before the law in all areas of civil, political, economic, social and cultural life irrespective of their attitude to religion.
		The Republic of Kyrgyzstan, being concerned with the development of creative initiative, the social and political activity of its citizens and their involvement in the government of the State and society, guarantees citizens of the Republic the freedom to establish public associations.
	www.unhchr.ch /tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/CERD.C.326.Add.1.En?Opendocument (7331 words)

	republic of china - Books, journals, articles @ The Questia Online Library
		Taxation in the Peoples Republic of China Taxation in the Peoples Republic of China Jinyan Li PRAEGER New...Jinyan.
		The Peoples Republic of China: A Handbook Map 1 Peoples Republic of China The Peoples Republic of China: A Handbook edited by Harold C. Hinton...
		The Peoples Republic of China: raising the bamboo screen through...billion inhabitants, the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) is the most populous country...holds on to its position as the Republic of China - have become economically intertwined...
	www.questia.com /search/republic-of-china (1835 words)

	Joshua Project - Bulang, Blang of China Ethnic People Profile
		These precious people must be told that their acts of self-denial will never be enough to pay the price for their salvation.
		As a result some photos may be representative of the people cluster rather than the specific people group or possible incorrectly matched altogether.
		People group population figures are now maintained as a percentage of the national population.
	www.joshuaproject.net /peopctry.php?rog3=CH&rop3=104959 (1308 words)

	A miraculous method of singing
		A rich throat singing tradition survives in Tuva (this is a republic that today belongs to Russia) and in Western Mongolia.
		Western people commonly think that a single artist cannot simultaneously sing with more than one voice and that consequently several singers are required for a multivocal concert.
		A few people, who are not familiar with this sound, hardly believe that what they hear is a human voice.
	www.cc.jyu.fi /~sjansson/throat.htm (1757 words)

	Information of the RAIPON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The social movement of indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and Far East began to form during «perestroika» at the end of the 1980s, when society in the Soviet Union was at its most politically active level in recent history.
		The Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North (RAIPON) was formed by the first Congress of Indigenous Peoples of the North, Siberia, and Far East, held in Moscow from 20 to 23 March 1990.
		Its main purpose is to protect the interests and lawful rights of the peoples it represents, including their right to land, natural resources, and self-government in accordance with international standards and Russian legislation, and their right to resolve their own social and economic problems.
	www.raipon.org /english/raipon/raipon.html (1298 words)

	Tuva Information
		The Tuva Republic /təˈvɑː ɹɪˈpʌblɪk/ (Russian: Респу́блика Тыва́; Tuvan: Тыва Республика) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic).
		The Republic is located in extreme southern Siberia, at the geographic center of the continent of Asia.
		The eastern part of the republic is forested and elevated, and the west is a drier lowland.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Tuva (1359 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Republics of the Soviet Union
		All of them were socialist republics, and all of them, with the exception of Russia had their own Communist parties, part of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
		General practice in the republics outside of Russia was that the head of state in a republic was a local official while the party general secretary was from outside the republic.
		An attempt to declare a Polish Soviet Socialist Republic was made during the Soviet assault in the Polish-Soviet War of 1919–1922 by the Polish Provisional Revolutionary Committee headed by Julian Marchlewski in Białystok.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union (1120 words)

	Information about Turkic peoples
		Turkic peoples are Northern and Central Eurasian peoples who speak languages belonging to the Turkic family, and who, in varying degrees, share certain cultural and historical traits.
		The first fully democratic and secular republics in the Islamic world were Turkic: the ill-fated Idel-Ural State established in 1917, the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in 1918 (both annexed and absorbed by Soviet Union) and in 1923, Republic of Turkey.
		The major Christian-Turkic peoples are the Chuvash of Chuvashia and the Gagauz (Gökoğuz) of Moldova.
	english.turkcebilgi.com /Turkic_peoples (4640 words)

	Tuva (Russia)
		The area is near the border between Siberia and Mongolia, and is also claimed by China (I think that Taiwan even has a representative in their legislature for Tuva, or at least they used to).
		Tuvinian is a Turkic language and is most closely related to Uighur, spoken in the Chinese region of Sinkiang.
		Ordinance on the state flag of the Republic of Tuva (approved by the resolution of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Tuva on the 17th September 1992, n°354)
	www.allstates-flag.com /fotw/flags/ru-ty.html (1087 words)

	AllRefer.com - Russia - The Republics of Siberia \| Russian Information Resource
		Occupying 92,600 square kilometers on the north slope of the Altay Range on the northeast border of Kazakstan, Gorno-Altay had a population in 1995 of 200,000, of whom 60 percent were Russian and 31 per cent Altay.
		The Yakuts are a Mongoloid people who originated through the c ombination of local tribes with Turkic tribes that migrated northward before the tenth century.
		The Tuvinians are a Turkic p eople with a heritage of rule by tribal chiefs.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/russia/russia73.html (1166 words)

	Russian Tours - TUVA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		It was not until the invasions of the Huns in the second century AD that the majority of Tuvinians were of Mongoloid type.
		The Tuvinian people embrace two groups: farmers from steppes and mountains of Western Tuva and hunters from the taiga of eastern Tuva.
		Tuvinians have a unique art of double-voice singing that goes as golden inheritance from generation to generation.
	www.cbs.ru /tour_tuva.htm (1087 words)

	Joshua Project - Ergong of China Ethnic People Profile
		Recent research has revealed the existence of approximately 60,500 Ergong people living in remote parts of western Sichuan Province of western China.
		The county with the largest number of Ergong people is Daofu, followed by Danba, Luhuo and Xinlong within the Banzi Prefecture; while in neighboring Aba Prefecture the Ergong are dispersed in Jinchuan and Zamtang counties.
		Significant effort is made to match photos with exact people groups.
	www.joshuaproject.net /peopctry.php?rop3=114051&rog3=CH (807 words)

	The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles
		The main industrial activity in the Tuvinian Republic is mining, especially for asbestos, cobalt, coal, gold, and uranium.
		In times past, Tuvinian marriages were arranged by the parents, and couples married when they reached the age of 12 or 13.
		The people are dependent on shamans (medicine men) to cure the sick by magic and communicate with the spirits.
	kcm.co.kr /bethany_eng/p_code2/1605.html (774 words)

	The Tuvinian of Mongolia
		Because the Tuvinian, like other Russian settlers, left their home territories in the Soviet Union many years ago and immigrated to Mongolia; their present "national" status is disputed.
		The main industrial activity in the Tuvinian Republic is mining, especially for asbestos, cobalt, coal, gold, and uranium.
		In times past, Tuvinian marriages were arranged by the parents, and couples married when they reached the age of 12 or 13.
	www.prayway.com /unreached/peoplegroups2/924.html (786 words)

	Tuva, Land of Eagles. -The Foundation's 1993 Expedition to Tuva (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Many peoples comprise the contemporary Tuvan population, and their culture is a composite one blended from their various tribal roots.
		People still remember the details of a song sung by one, or a ritual performed by another.
		Another problem expressed by this young scholar was that she had learned that there was a plan for the "American" and Tuvan shamans to perform together at a "concert." She said that such spiritual activity was not appropriate in such a setting.
	www.shamanicstudies.com /articles/1025228650.htm (9780 words)

	Encyclopedia: Turkic languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Turkic languages are a group of related languages that are spoken by a variety of peoples distributed across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China with estimated 100-130 million native speakers.
		Uyghur (in Uyghur: ئۇغۇرچه Uyƣurqə or ئۇغۇر تىلى Uyƣur tili; in Chinese: 维吾尔语 Wéiwúěryǔ) is a Turkic language spoken by the Uyghur people in Xinjiang (East Turkestan), China.
		Historical linguistics (also diachronic linguistics or comparative linguistics) is primarily the study of the ways in which languages change over time, by means of examining languages which are recognizably related through similarities such as vocabulary, word formation, and syntax, as well as the surviving records of ancient languages.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Turkic-languages (1233 words)

	March-April 1992
		Today, people group identification and nationalism are greatly changing the geographical makeup of the landmass that was the Soviet Union.
		Being familiar with the ethnic peoples of the Russian Federation is important not only for the purpose of reaching them with the Gospel of Jesus Christ but because it will be along ethnic lines that much of the future of Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States will be determined.
		The republic, a recreation of one that was smashed by Stalin in World War II, would be home to as many as 2 million ethnic Germans in Russia, who would have their own German language and culture.
	www.missionfrontiers.org /1992/0304/ma922.htm (3356 words)

	Finland and the Tat-C Controversy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		It is characteristic of the European Finno-Ugrians both in the area of the Baltic Sea and in the Volga region (the ethnic Maris living in the Mari Republic east of Nizhni-Novgorod and west of the Urals).
		Since in Tuvinians the tribe attribution is determined down the male lineage, it is thus possible to correlate the information on the origin of certain tribal groups with the Y-chromosome variants.
		For instance, the carriers of the TAT-C allele in Tuvinian population are the representatives of the Irgit tribe.
	www.stormfront.org /whitehistory/finland.htm (3164 words)

	Russia -- Breakaway Republics
		Chechens and Ingushes are both Muslim peoples of the Caucasus mountains.
		In 1990, violence was reported in the capital of the Tuva Republic, Kyzyl, where a citizen of Russian descent was murdered for failing to answer a question in Tuvinian.
		The fear of setting a precedent for other republics who may want to secede is also a serious concern for Russia.
	www.harpercollege.edu /~mhealy/g101ilec/russia/ruc/rucconfl/republic.html (484 words)

	Ethnologue: Mongolia
		People are mostly fully literate in Halh Mongolian or Mandarin.
		People are literate in Halh Mongolian in Mongolia.
		The people are bilingual and literate in Halh Mongolian.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/pater/ethno/Mong.html (684 words)

	Alash Ensemble - Links and Webring to other Tuva related sites
		Friends of Tuva (FoT) was conceived by accident in 1981 to commemorate Tuva's 60th anniversary as a distinctive splotch on the world globe.
		The republic of Tuva, with an area of 170,500 square kilometers, is one of the least known regions in Siberia, and maybe one of the most remarkable.
		The Tuvan language (Tyva dyl), also known as Tuvinian language, is one of the Turkic languages (A subfamily of Altaic languages).
	www.alashensemble.com /links.htm (1300 words)

	Laslo Kurti, KAZAKHS, TUVANS AND GYPSIES: "DISAPPEARING" SOCIALISMS VISUALIZED (part 1), AEER VOLUME 12, Numbers 1, ...
		Inside the Peoples' Republic of China (the only such state formation remaining), they continue to cling to their life ways against all odds.
		During the filmic expedition in 1983, the spectator is invited to enjoy the hospitality of Abduqaye, a respected elder and leader of his extended family commune, living in the foothills of the Tien Shan mountain range near Uruschi, the capital of Xinjiang province.
		As we witness recitations of scapulamancy and myths, the filmmakers construct the text to enhance the pervasive folk animism and shamanism which exerted a strong cohesive force for Tuvinians, in particular in opposition to the religious fundamentalism of neighboring peoples and the atheism of the former Soviet State.
	condor.depaul.edu /~rrotenbe/aeer/aeer12_1/kazakhs1.html (5212 words)

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