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	ELS - ERD - Law By Country - United States Substantive Law - Constitution of the United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Amendment X. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
		The amendment was rejected (and not subsequently ratified) by Oklahoma in June 1947, and Massachusetts on June 9, 1949.
		The amendment was rejected by Mississippi (and not subsequently ratified) on December 20, 1962.
	www.law.emory.edu /FEDERAL/usconst/amend.html (2848 words)

	Amendments to the Constitution of the United States — Infoplease.com
		Amendment XI (The proposed amendment was sent to the states Mar. 5, 1794, by the Third Congress.
		Amendment XV (The proposed amendment was sent to the states Feb. 27, 1869, by the Fortieth Congress.
		Amendment XX (The proposed amendment, sometimes called the “Lame Duck Amendment,” was sent to the states Mar. 3, 1932, by the Seventy-second Congress.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0749825.html (2100 words)

	The Constitution of the United States of America
		Amendment [VII.] In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
		The amendment was rejected (and not subsequently ratified) by Kentucky, Maryland, and Tennessee.
		The amendment was rejected by Georgia on July 24, 1919; by Alabama on September 22, 1919; by South Carolina on January 29, 1920; by Virginia on February 12, 1920; by Maryland on February 24, 1920; by Mississippi on March 29, 1920; by Louisiana on July 1, 1920.
	www.gpoaccess.gov /constitution/html/conamt.html (3574 words)

	Amendment XII
		The Twelfth Amendment was proposed by Congress on 9 Dec.
		Inasmuch as Article 5 of the Federal Constitution specifies that amendments shall become effective "when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States or by conventions in three-fourths thereof," it has been generally believed that an approval or veto by a governor is without significance.
		The amendment was rejected by Delaware on 18 Jan. 1804, and by Connecticut at its session begun 10 May 1804.
	press-pubs.uchicago.edu /founders/tocs/amendXII.html (471 words)

	Constitutional Nonsense
		The second claim is grounded on the fact that the Amendment was included in a state compilation of law, the publication of which was authorized by the Virginia legislature on March 12, 1819.
		A second response is that the publication of an amendment as part of the Constitution in a compilation of state law cannot serve as a ratification.
		Constitutional amendments may be ratified by a vote of the state legislature or by convention as Congress may specify under Article V of the Constitution, and by no other method, such as a referendum.
	www.civil-liberties.com /13/page2.html (1515 words)

	The Long View
		The Twenty-second Amendment to the Constitution was ratified in 1951, in the aftermath of the administration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the only president to break with the tradition of the two-term maximum.
		At the time the Twelfth Amendment was ratified, the terms of eligibility in question were clearly those set out in Article II, Section 1, Paragraph 5, which require that the president be a natural-born citizen, at least 35 years old, and a US resident for at least 14 years.
		The Twelfth Amendment adds a further requirement that the president and vice president not be "inhabitants" of the same state.
	www.johnreilly.info /8May02.htm (1003 words)

	DAWN - Opinion; 16 January, 2005
		The ninth amendment which would have made the injunctions of Islam the supreme law of the land and the source of guidance for legislation was passed by the Senate in July 1986, and sent on to the National Assembly where it remained for nearly two years.
		The eleventh amendment, which would have restored the 20 seats reserved for women in the National Assembly, was introduced in the Senate on December 31, 1989, but the movers withdrew it nearly 20 months later (August 23, 1992).
		Apart from increasing the compensation of judges, the twelfth amendment (July 1991) was intended to discourage terrorism and to provide for expeditious trial of persons accused of "heinous," "brutal," or "sensational," crimes and those "shocking to public morality" (to be specified later in appropriate laws).
	www.dawn.com /2005/01/16/op.htm (4316 words)

	AMENDMENTS to the US CONSTITUTION
		This amendment arose from states' rights, and was designed to keep suits between states and their citizens out of federal courts.
		The twelfth amendment requires separate balloting in the Electoral College for President and Vice-President, to avoid the difficulties encountered when the 1804 election was thrown into the House of Representatives.
		This amendment is often quoted by the Supreme Court as providing "equal protection" to all citizens, and was referenced in the 2000 Florida recount decision.
	biblescripture.net /Amendments.html (1666 words)

	[No title]
		At the time the Twelfth Amendment was written there was, of course, no Twenty-Second Amendment; therefore, the Twelfth Amendment could not have originally meant to preclude someone from being Vice President who had been elected President twice.
		If this understanding is correct, the Twelfth Amendment's provision that "[n]o person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice President of the United States" has no effect on individuals who might simply act as President.
		Thus, if the meaning of "eligibility" under the Twelfth Amendment was transformed with the adoption of the Twenty-Second Amendment, the Twenty-Second Amendment still does not render twice-elected Presidents "constitutionally ineligible to the office of President," and it therefore cannot be said that the Twelfth Amendment prohibits a twice-elected President from serving as Vice President.
	volokh.com /posts/1150738214.html (713 words)

	Common-place: Review: Final Freedom
		Historians have long neglected the Thirteenth Amendment, often rendering it as a postscript to the Emancipation Proclamation and a forerunner to the Fourteenth Amendment.
		That Democrats were an impetus behind the amendment is one of the surprises of Vorenberg's narrative, as their party's Northern wing had, for decades, been a more probable defender of slavery than their Northern political competitors.
		More important was the amendment's second section, which gave to Congress the "power to enforce [the amendment] by appropriate legislation." Congressional debaters favoring the amendment skirted this section, as they recognized a public discussion of it could expose supporters' differences regarding the meaning of freedom, racial equality, and citizenship, and might threaten its passage altogether.
	www.common-place.org /vol-02/no-04/reviews/quist.shtml (1394 words)

	Background of the Twelfth Amendment
		The resulting 12th Amendment was ratified in 1804.
		Twelfth Amendment forum American Foreign Relations :: Co-Da CONSTITUTION: TWELFTH AMENDMENT The electoral college system prescribed by Article II, Section 1 of the original Constitution required the states to certify electors to cast two...
		Memorabilia related to Background of the Twelfth Amendment is at auction on eBay.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h468.html (433 words)

	The United States Constitution - The U.S. Constitution Online - USConstitution.net
		No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.
		Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
		Amendment XXIII - Presidential Vote for District of Columbia.
	www.usconstitution.net /const.html (5195 words)

	Center for Voting and Democracy
		Although the Philadelphia Framers did not anticipate the rise of national presidential parties, the Twelfth Amendment (proposed in 1803 and ratified a year later) was framed with such parties in mind in the aftermath of the election of 1800-01.
		Thus, when the Twelfth Amendment tinkered with the electoral college system rather than tossing it, the system's pro-slavery bias was hardly a secret.
		Indeed, in the floor debate over the amendment in late 1803, Massachusetts Congressman Samuel Thatcher complained that "The representation of slaves adds thirteen members to this House in the present Congress, and eighteen Electors of President and Vice President at the next election." But Thatcher's complaint went unredressed.
	www.fairvote.org /e_college/seriespart1.htm (1823 words)

	THE CONSTITUTION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH
		The words, brackets, commans, figure and semicolon "and the territories refferred to as included territories in the Constitution (Third Amendment) Act, 1974, but excluding the tirritories refferred to as excluded territories in that Act; and" were substituted for the semi-colon and word"; and" by the Constitution (Third Amendment) Act, 1974 (Act LXXIV of 1974), s.
		The pvoviso was substituted for the former proviso by the Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Act., 1991 (Act XXVIII of 1991), s.6(a) (w.e.f.
		The proviso was substituted for the former proviso by the Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Act, 1991 (Act XXVIII of 1991), s.20(w.e.f.
	www.helplinelaw.com /law/constitution/bangladesh/bangladesh03.php (2983 words)

	Constitution of the United States of America - dKosopedia
		They shall in all cases, except treason, felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other place.
		If after such reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a law.
		In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
	www.dkosopedia.com /wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States_of_America (4591 words)

	Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		While the strategy failed in regard to the President, Democratic Vice Presidential nominee Richard Mentor Johnson received 147 electoral votes, one vote short of a majority; to be followed by Francis P. Granger with 77, John Tyler with 47 and William Smith with 23.
		The Twelfth Amendment does not directly, as is often alledged, preclude the election of a President and Vice President from the same state.
		However, had the elected Vice President been the second place finisher in the 1972 Presidential Election, under the system which existed prior to the Twelfth Amendment, Democrat George McGovern would have been Vice President and would have been elevated to the Presidency once Nixon resigned.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Twelfth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution (1705 words)

	The Missing Thirteenth Amendment
		The publication of an amendment as part of the Constitution at most indicates that the publisher who compiled the statutes of a state on behalf of the state legislature thought that it was part of the Constitution; after all, the official edition of United States Statutes at Large included the amendment,
		Therefore, although the ratification of an amendment through its inclusion in a compilation of state law authorized by ordinary legislation would not be a constitutional procedure in any case, in this case the publication was not even intended to be a ratification.
		The Equal Rights Amendment, which stated that "[e]quality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex," was proposed in 1972 and ratified by 35 states, and, according to the deadline set by Congress, is no longer open to ratification.
	www.thirdamendment.com /missing.html (10905 words)

	Constitutional Court of South Africa
		He concluded that the Twelfth Amendment did not therefore violate the Constitution in interfering with municipal boundaries in the course of re-drawing the provincial boundaries.
		Ngcobo J said that in the light of this, the Court was entitled to investigate whether or not the provincial legislature of KwaZulu-Natal had followed the correct procedure in considering and approving the Twelfth Amendment, notwithstanding the admission that was made on behalf of the applicants that such procedures had been complied with.
		Skweyiya and Yacoob JJ agree that the Twelfth Amendment is not invalid on the grounds relied upon by the applicants.
	www.constitutionalcourt.org.za /site/matatiele.htm (1254 words)

	Bill of Rights
		The conventions of a number of the States having at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added.
		Article the third [Amendment I] Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
		Article the twelfth [Amendment X] The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
	www.constitution.org /billofr_.htm (508 words)

	The Origins of the Twelfth Amendment: The Electoral College in the Early Republic, 1787-1804 (Contributions in ...
		This work provides the first in-depth study of the Twelfth Amendment of the United States Constitution from the larger perspective of the development of the electoral college.
		Too often viewed as a modest reform to prevent the recurrence of the 1800-1801 election crisis, the Twelfth Amendment, according to Kuroda, was actually the decisive step in the evolution of the modern electoral college.
		Significantly, the amendment implicitly recognized the existence of national political parties and allowed the party which won the most electoral votes to win the offices of President and Vice President.
	www.gettextbooks.com /isbn_0313291519.html (173 words)

	Presidency: What the 25th Amendment Overlooks
		After the Adams-Jefferson-Burr election of 1800-01, the electoral college was revised by the Twelfth Amendment, which directed states to cast separate votes for the President and the Vice President.
		Indeed, critics predicted that the Amendment would diminish the quality of future Vice Presidents, who would no longer be major presidential candidates in their own right, but merely second-fiddles to party leaders.
		The Amendment also provides a clear framework for determining whether the President is in fact disabled, and for how long.
	hnn.us /articles/902.html (1787 words)

	Can You Pass a Constitution Test? at Go Think Blog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The First Amendment prohibits the Congress from making laws that: establish a religion or prohibit the exercise thereof; abridge the freedom of speech or of the press; abridge the right of the people peacably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
		The Twenty-Fifth Amendment establishes procedures for when The president of his own volition may turn over the power of his office to the vice president, and The vice president, with the assent of a majority of the leading members of the cabinet, may make himself acting president on a temporary basis.
		These ten amendments, ratified in 1791, were quickly appended to the Constitution to clarify that certain rights are inlienable, and that those rights were, in particular, not to be infringed upon by the government.
	gothinkblog.com /?p=315 (2735 words)

	J de Lange: Second Reading of Constitution Twelfth Amendment Bill, NA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		On 27 April 1994, in terms of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, of 1993 (the Interim Constitution of 1993), the Republic of South Africa became a democratic, constitutional, sovereign State, established on the basis of the three distinct, but interrelated spheres of government, namely the national, provincial and local spheres of government.
		Although the maps being used are based on municipal boundaries, the Constitutional Amendment passed today does not entrench the boundaries of such municipalities.
		I commend the passing of this Constitutional Amendment to the House.
	www.info.gov.za /speeches/2005/05111610451002.htm (1763 words)

	National Constitution Center - Centuries of Citizenship - Twelfth Amendment ratified, requiring separate election of ...
		National Constitution Center - Centuries of Citizenship - Twelfth Amendment ratified, requiring separate election of the president and vice president
		Twelfth Amendment ratified, requiring separate election of the president and vice president
		Note: A portion of Article II, section 1 of the Constitution was superseded by the Twelfth Amendment.
	www.constitutioncenter.org /timeline/html/cw03_11949.html (214 words)

	City Council Bills
		WHEREAS, the Twelfth Amended Redevelopment Proposal provides, inter alia, for the additional land acquisition of approximately two (2) properties for commercial and related uses; the provision of certain relocation services, as required by law and declaring that condemnation is not imminent with respect to the Project; and
		The twelfth amendment of the urban renewal plan will afford maximum opportunity, consistent with the sound needs of the locality as a whole, for the redevelopment of the area by private enterprise under the circumstances;
		Council is cognizant that condemnation, as expressly provided for in the hereby approved Twelfth Amended Redevelopment Proposal, is not imminent with respect to Cecil B. Moore, such condemnation being subject to the availability of public funds.
	www.phila.gov /CityCouncil/bills/prelease.asp?id=384 (695 words)

	Yale Law School
		Hawley wrote one of his major papers during his second year on the Twelfth Amendment, which reformed how the President and Vice President are elected.
		"The thesis of the paper is that the Twelfth Amendment completes the framing of the Article Two executive, in the sense that a lot of the ambiguities that were in Article Two get resolved by the Twelfth Amendment.
		"Professor Amar was writing on the Twelfth Amendment at the time that I wrote this paper and has given a great deal of thought, of course, to the Constitution as a whole.
	www.law.yale.edu /utilities/StudyingConstitution.htm (552 words)

	A BBBR EXCLUSIVE: “NOWHERE MAN” Citizen Dick and the Twelfth Amendment
		The little problem that the Bush/Cheney ticket has is with the 12th Amendment to the US Constitution, which says that the electors of a state may not cast their votes for two individuals who are inhabitants of the same state as they are.
		Cheney was invited to have an audience with the dauphin-who-would-be-king last summer, to discuss the vice-presidency, they obviously anticipated a problem with the 12th Amendment.
		In accordance with Title 17 USC Section 107, the material is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving similar information for research and educational purposes.
	www.geocities.com /dearkandb/anne1.html (849 words)

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