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Topic: Twelve Muqam

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Turfan

Dungan language

	Muqam Summary
		Muqam may be performed by one singer with bowed or plucked lute (satar or tanbur) plus drum or with a small group of supporting voices and instruments.
		The Twelve Muqam hold an important place in Uighurs' affections and are often referred to in terms of spiritual necessity and moral authority.
		A muqam is the melody type used in Uyghur music, that is, a musical mode and set of melodic formulas used to guide improvisation and composition.
	www.bookrags.com /Muqam (732 words)

	UCA Website
		Contemporary scholars refer to four distinct regional genres: the Twelve Muqam of the Kashgar-Yarkand region, the Turpan Muqam, the Qumul Muqam, and the Dolan Muqam.
		The Dolan Muqam are accompanied by drummers, a Dolan rawap, Dolan ghijäk, and the qalun dulcimer.
		Alongside performance of the muqam and dancing, comical skits and epic songs, an akhun may be invited to discourse on moral and religious questions, and mäshräp have traditionally served the social function of a public court, with wrongdoers brought before the mäshräp organiser (yigit beshi) to be criticised and punished.
	www.uyghurcanadian.org /culture.html (5569 words)

	The Art of Chinese Xinjiang Uyghur Muqam
		The Xinjiang Uyghur Muqam is the general term for a variety of Muqam practices widespread among the Uyghur communities, which form one of the largest ethnic minorities of the People’s Republic of China.
		The music of Uyghur Muqam is characterized by variations and continuity of musical patterns, indicating close affinity with the musical culture of China’s central plains.
		Today, several Muqam pieces are no longer performed, in particular certain elements of the “Twelve Muqam”, which consists of more than 300 pieces of a total length of over 20 hours.
	www.unesco.org /culture/intangible-heritage/10apa_uk.htm (341 words)

	Performance Art in Xinjiang
		While Muqam is a musical form that has spread in Islamic areas throughout the world, the "Twelve Muqam" carries distinct Uygur characteristics.
		As a result, the Twelve Muqam is especially distinct due to its strong Uygur flavor.
		They dance to the accompaniment of the Twelve Muqam and sing songs and ballads to their melodies.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_madeinchina/2005-12/08/content_76924.htm (493 words)

	Urumqi Info Harbor::Travel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Muqam is a common musical phenomenon of the Muslims farming in Central Asia, South Asia, West Asia and North Africa.
		In the 16th century, under the influence of such Muqam scholars as Amannisahan and Kedirhan, folk musicians and Muqam scholars from different regions gathered to unearth, collect and collate various types of Muqam.
		Of course it is impossible to perform the whole Twelve Muqam in one concert, yet the Xinjiang Muqam Art Ensemble offered the audience a microcosm of the art form in their performance, which included ensemble, solo, duo, singing, dancing and even juggling performances.
	www.ucatv.com.cn /travel/en/music.htm (570 words)

	Doğu Türkistan Kültür Ve Dayanışma Derneği
		Folk songs and muqams are performed to the accompaniment of folk instruments, which the Uygurs have in a great number.
		It is one of the formost intruments used in Uyghur music, mostly used in the muqam or for accompanying a folksong.
		(Please see the Muqam Poster available at The Camel's Back.) The tembor is often found in the middle of a group of people, creating the stunning melody over which a story is being sung, or providing the rythmic beats for the dancers to step to.
	www.gokbayrak.com /turkistan.asp?inc=kulturd&numara=9 (936 words)

	briefs...
		Twelve of them, including two women, were shifted to the AIMS Hospital.
		The minister said the present assemblies would complete their mandated period while there was no restriction whatsoever on the judiciary and the press in the country as they were enjoying complete freedom.
		Defending anti-terrorism policies of the president, Amir Muqam said it were meant to provide protection to the life and property of the law-abiding citizens, elimination of extremism and establishment of a tolerant society in the country.
	www.thenews.com.pk /print1.asp?id=39769 (1313 words)

	Musical Treasure of the Uygurs
		But he and other participants at the symposium also expressed their worries that the traditional popularity of Twelve Muqam is giving way to pop culture and foreign entertainment.
		What is significant about the compilation of the Twelve Muqam is that Amannisahan did not seek materials from the wealthy and fully-developed repertoire of Arabian and Persian music.
		In 1956, Muqam master Turdi Ahun and musician Wan Tongshu, working with other assistants, made great pains to record most of the vocal melodies and librettos of the Twelve Muqam onto tapes.
	www.china.org.cn /english/culture/51964.htm (881 words)

	Uyghur Art Music and the Ambiguities of Chinese Silk Roadism in Xinjiang
		In the event, it was the muqam tradition as known and performed by one master, Turdi Akhun, that became the basis of the canon of the twelve muqams that was recorded, reordered, transcribed and published in 1960 (Wan 1959).
		Muqam, then, would thus seem to be the quintessential Silk Road musical form: variations on a theme stretching from the Tarim Basin to the Black Sea.
		In his historical study of the on ikki muqam (1981), Abdushukur Muhemmet Imin suggests that the word “muqam” itself is originally Turkic and dates from the fourth century, well before it is attested in Arabic and before the Islamicization of Central Asia.
	www.silk-road.com /newsletter/vol3num1/3_uyghur.php (3623 words)

	Kashgar Welcome You! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Twelve muqams refers to the advanced and grand Uyghur classical music suites, incorporating song, music and dance.
		As soon as twelve muqams are mentioned, the queen Ammanisa in Yerqiang kingdom can not be missed.
		First, Uyghur muqams are regularized and differentiated from other forms of muqams.
	www.kashi.gov.cn /English/Tourism/customs/12muqams.htm (614 words)

	Linese - Experiencing China
		In addition to the Muqam the Uygurs maintain popular traditions of song epic tales and other forms of narrative song; suites of dance music; instrumental music; musical genres linked to the ceremonies, and a huge repertoire of folksongs which commonly dwell on the suffering of life on earth and the torments of frustrated love.
		She finally worked out 12 grand, yet light and entertaining compositions that are now known as the Twelve Muqam.
		The Twelve Muqam are large-scale suites consisting of sung poetry, stories, dance tunes and instrumental sections.
	www.linese.com /cc/20401040000000000,248.html (2276 words)

	Uyghur Muqam
		The Twelve Muqams, known as the mother of Music, embodies as a concentranted reflection of the wisdom and talent of the Uyghur People in Music creation.Twelve Muqams includes 170 songs and dances tuness an addtional 72 instrumental pieces.
		The Uyghur Muqam is considered to be the world's most complex and beautiful musical form, combining in suite form sung poetry, popular tales of famous lovers, and compelling dance rhythms.
		Moreover the term Muqam, originally designating category, applies more in the Uyghur sense to a Suite of Composition, even further to an overall title given to Classical Music That is why I written Muqam with a capital letter).
	www.oqya.5u.com /photo3.html (361 words)

	Uighur People \| bu hepte!
		Folk songs and muqams are performed to the accompaniment of folk instruments, which the Uighurs have in a great number.
		She made an invaluable contribution in research of cycle of “Twelve Uighur Muqams” as well as song folklore of the Uighurs.
		Having “Twelve Uighur Muqams” - a masterpiece, a pearl of Uighur folklore, set to music, the musicologist implemented a historical and theoretical analysis of the cycle and derived mode and intonation system of Medieval Uighur muqam.
	www.freewebs.com /uighurpeople/entertainment.htm (598 words)

	Asian Music Circuit \| Education \| Specialist Articles
		The muqam are usually performed by a small ensemble of singers, led by the lead singer muqamchi, accompanied by plucked or bowed lutes and dap frame drum, but they may also be played in instrumental form by kettle drum and shawm (naghra-sunay) bands.
		This section of the muqam is for dancing.
		Irregular aqsaq rhythms are common, and another attractive feature of Uyghur music is the tendency to transform ternary rhythms into binary rhythms, overlaying a basic 7/8, for example, with varying sets of duolets and quadruplets.
	www.amc.org.uk /education/articles/uyghurs.htm (5406 words)

	UNESCO Culture Sector - Intangible Heritage - 2003 Convention : States Parties: China
		Their Muqam performances embrace songs, folk dances, and classical and popular music, ranging from spontaneous village celebrations to stage presentations.
		In Muqam ensembles, the lead instruments are made from local materials and vary in form (they may be bowed-stringed, plucked or wind instruments).
		Several Muqam pieces are no longer performed, in particular elements of the “Twelve Muqam”, which in all consists of more than 300 pieces and runs over 20 hours in twelve instrumental and vocal suites.
	www.unesco.org /culture/ich_convention/index.php?chg_menu=compact&topic=mp&cp=CN (1516 words)

	A Voice From Afar: Uyghur Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		There are several kinds of traditional Uygur music, the most famous of which is the classic Uygur musical composition the "Twelve Muqam", a major force in the development of Uygur folk music.
		In the mid-16th century, aided by other experts, the imperial concubine Amannisahan of the Yarkant Kingdom, who was also an esteemed poetess and musician, devoted all her efforts to collecting and compiling Muqam music, which was then scattered across Uygur-populated areas.
		In 1956, Muqam master Turdi Ahun and musician Wan Tongshu, working with other assistants, took great pains to record most of the vocal melodies and librettos of the "Twelve Muqam" on tape.
	www.publicchinese.com /resource/html/4/409.html (919 words)

	Sama Dance
		The dance and its musical accompaniment have been included in the third part of the Twelve Muqam.
		A common movement is a brush step followed by a spin or a step followed by a jump and turn.
		Familiar Muqam music or Sanam melodies are performed as prelude, before a shift in the drumbeat cues in the Sama melodies.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_focus/2005-09/13/content_72801.htm (424 words)

	[No title]
		Muqam is generally translated as musical suites or tunes.
		Muqam of Xinjiang, which UNESCO proclaimed a Masterpiece of the Oral and
		Twelve, for its quick rhythm and the spirit of popular folk taste.
	2006asia-pacific.event01.com.tw /p04.htm (169 words)

	UCLA Center for Chinese Studies Public Event
		The twelve Muqam include 170 songs and dances tunes plus 72 instrumental pieces.
		The muqam combines sung poetry, popular tales of famous lovers, and dance rhythms.
		Listening to the Muqam can be an act of religious meditation, but listeners can also get up and dance to the rhythms of the drums.
	www.international.ucla.edu /china/events/showevent.asp?eventid=1827 (287 words)

	Uyghur Dances
		In forming the Uyghur classic music called the Twelve Muqam, Senem was included, thus it must be even older than the centuries-old Muqam.
		Sometimes a performance of Muqam songs and riddles or a recitation of poem is included.
		Familiar Muqam music or Senem melodies are performed as prelude, then a shift in the drumbeat cues in the Sama melodies.
	www.oqya.5u.com /catalog.html (2559 words)

	The Uyghur Musicians from Xinjiang
		This latter is considered the most prestigious of all, and is essentially a series of twelve suites, traceable back to the 16th century.
		Each Muqam is characterised by a particular set of lyrics, mode, melodic patterns and modulations, and has a suite structure which comprises a series of vocal and instrumental sections, usually beginning with a free vocal section and ending with a faster dance music section.
		Track 10, the Nava Muqam of Turpan is sung by Tursun Simayi who accompanies himself on Satar, a long-necked bowed lute with a single melody string and twelve sympathetics, giving it extraordinary resonance.
	www.mustrad.org.uk /reviews/uyghur.htm (921 words)

	Seveneighths.com / 7/8 Music Productions / Articles
		Uyghurs use the term muqam to mean a "suite of compositions" or in some cases to mean "classical music".
		Even if there is modal coherency between different pieces in each suite, modulations occur as the suite unfolds completely obscuring the initial mode, so that it is often impossible to identify certain sections of a muqam from their single mode.
		For the Uyghur, the term muqam implies that it has a muqam heading (bash), and a suite of pieces whose structure correspond to certain modal and rhythmical requirements, which must follow the introduction.
	www.seveneighths.com /articles.htm (1992 words)

	AHRB Research Centre for Cross-Cultural Music and Dance Performance
		In this solo recording he performs sung and instrumental excerpts from the Uyghur Twelve Muqam alongside some lighter pieces from the folk repertoire.
		The Twelve Muqam (On Ikki Muqam) are a prestigious set of musical suites which the Uyghurs trace in their present form back to the sixteenth century and the court of the Yarkand Khanate, though they also claim continuity with roots of considerable antiquity.
		The Twelve Muqam are broadly allied to the Arabo-Persian maqam modal system, and more closely related to other Central Asian classical traditions like the Bukharan Shashmaqam.
	www.soas.ac.uk /ahrbmusicanddance/pr2_audi.htm (817 words)

	Amazon.com: "twelve muqam": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		See all pages with references to "twelve muqam".
		When Uygurs Entertain Themselves Sabine Trebinjac The Twelve Muqam: On Ikki Muqam The Dolan Muqam Repertoire The autonomous region of Xinjiang (also known as Chinese 'Irkistan) is a vast...
		Best known among these are the On ikki mugam (twelve muqam), twelve classical song-and-dance suites closely relat- ed to Uzbek and Tajik forms.
	amazon.com /phrase/twelve-muqam (200 words)

	eBay.ca: 13-String Uyghur Satar (bowed lute) (item 150078278920 end time 05-Jun-07 06:43:44 EDT)
		This leads modern Uyghur scholars to believe that the Uyghur satar, in its current form, is a relatively modern instrutrument, dating back only to the 18th century.
		Nevertheless, it is widely used today and is one of the featured instruments in the monumental recording of the Twelve Muqams.
		It took two years to complete, but now the Twelve Muqams are available to the world via CD or VCD.
	cgi.ebay.ca /13-String-Uyghur-Satar-bowed-lute_W0QQitemZ150078278920QQcategoryZ623QQcmdZViewItem (759 words)

	The Fifth G ospel, Chapter !
		The Israelites or the Children of Israel are known as Bani-Israel in the East.
		Jacob had twelve sons from his legal wives and concubines and from them are derived the twelve tribes of Israel.
		At Aish Muqam, we have the rod of Moses, which is called Asai-Sharif or the esteemed staff.
	www.spinninglobe.net /5thgospel.htm (6170 words)

	Oklahoma Baptist University
		Bonnie Sneed, conductor of the Bisonettes, is planning a collection of reunion activities along with alumni and current Bisonettes.
		Twelve Profile In Excellence honorees will be recognized at 10am Saturday during the annual Homecoming Chapel service in Raley Chapel’s Potter Auditorium.
		The award recipients, who are featured in OBU Magazine throughout 2004, will receive their awards from OBU President Mark Brister.
	www.oklahomabaptist.com /news/view_article.php?id=109 (701 words)

	Jesus' Travels
		There is a brief passage on Jesus' travels before his time in Israel in the Gospel of the Holy Twelve.
		Aish Muqam (about 47 miles from Srinagar) is not far from Yusu Margh.
		We have traced the life of Jesus from his escape on the cross to this travel and abode in the mountains of Afghanistan and the Vale of Kashmir in a successful search of the lost tribes of Israel and in fulfillment of his proclaimed Divine mission.
	www.subtleenergies.com /ormus/jesus/travels.htm (3033 words)

	Whyislam.org Forums: SUHBA in Egypt with Shaykh Nuh Keller (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		We will then leave for the muqam of Imam Abul Hasan Al-Shadhili on Sunday, December 3rd, and return the next day Monday, December 4th.
		If you plan to attend please email egsuhba@gmail.com and leave a telephone number to reserve your spot, to receive assistance in travel, or for any general inquiries you may have.
		Please note that the trip to Sidi Abul Hasan from Cairo is approximately ten to twelve hours each way, and we will be there for, at most, three hours.
	www.whyislam.org /Forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=15638 (670 words)

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