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Topic: Twelve tone technique

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	Twelve-tone technique - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The basis of twelve-tone technique is the tone row or set, an ordered arrangement of the twelve notes of the chromatic scale (the twelve equal tempered pitch classes), or, rather, an ordered arrangement of intervals which produce those notes.
		When the technique is strictly applied, an entire piece must be built up from statements of any transposition of this tone row in strict order or transformations of this row.
		Schoenberg's idea in developing the technique was for it to act as a replacement for tonal harmony as a basic grounding force for music.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Twelve-tone_technique (1372 words)

	Twelve-tone technique: Just the facts... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Twelve-tone technique (also dodecaphony) is a system of musical composition (A mixture of ingredients) devised by Arnold Schoenberg (United States composer and musical theorist (born in Austria) who developed atonal composition (1874-1951)).
		When the technique is applied most rigorously, an entire piece must be built up from statements of any transposition of this tone row in strict order or transformation (A qualitative change) s of this row.
		Schoenberg's idea in developing the technique was for it to act as a replacement for tonal (additional info and facts about tonal) harmony (The structure of music with respect to the composition and progression of chords) as a basic grounding force for music.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/tw/twelve-tone_technique.htm (1445 words)

	Talk:Tone row - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The tone row in twelve-tone music is analogous to harmony in tonal music - it is what makes it tick, what holds it together, but it isn't the thing itself.
		One alternative is Twelve-tone technique which you could also call Twelve tone technique, Twelve-tone music, Twelve tone music, Twelve-note music, Twelve tone system and so on.
		I thought about incorporating this article into twelve-tone technique, but thought it was worth keeping it separate in the end.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Tone_row (649 words)

	Twelve-tone technique: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Twelve-tone technique
		The basis of twelve-tone techique is the tone row, an ordered arrangement of the twelve notes of the chromatic scale.
		When the technique is applied most rigorously, an entire piece must be built up from statements of this tone row and variations upon it.
		P can be used starting on any one of the twelve notes of the chromatic scale - so long as the intervals are the same, the rows are equivalent.
	www.encyclopedian.com /tw/Twelve-tone-system.html (725 words)

	Tone row (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In music, a tone row or note row is an arrangement of the twelve notes of the chromatic scale.
		A twelve tone or serial composition will take one or more tone rows as its basis plus their transformations (inversion, retrograde, retrograde inversion; see twelve-tone technique for details).
		The tone row consists of alternating minor and major triads starting on the open strings of the violin followed by a portion of an ascending whole-tone scale[?].
	www.websign.sk /to/Tone_Row.html (328 words)

	Serialism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Schoenberg's arrival in the US in 1933 helped accelerate the acceptance of both twelve tone music, and serialism more generally in American academia, at that time dominated by neo-classicism, though he himself felt his ideas were being discounted.
		In many cases older composers were influenced to adopt tone rows or other serial procedures by their students, for example, Roger Sessions began to incorporate them in 1952, influenced by Milton Babbitt who was his student.
		Because many of the basic techniques of serial compositon have analogs in traditional counterpoint, uses of inversion, retrogarde and retrograde inversion from before the war are not necessarily indicative of Stravinsky adopting Schoenbergian techniques.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Serialism (3356 words)

	Tone Me (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Tone Me (Sabatini) is written (written 2000) in the fusion style known as Funk, fusing jazz and rock rhythms.
		Twelve tone row (also called serial technique) is a technique that uses the twelve tones of the chromatic scale.
		This is the actual 12 tone row that is the main component of this composition.
	www.wpsweb.com /performingarts/BrownBagJazz/toneme.htm (1087 words)

	John Greschak - Composers on Mathematical Music: Subtext 4428874 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The most popular objection to twelve-tone technique is that it makes music dependent on mathematics and destroys the highly valued action of inspiration.
		The objection can be interpreted as follows: Everything in the twelve-tone technique is prearranged, as in science; imagination no longer has full sway; and composition henceforth will consist of filling in diagrams formed by abstract calculations.
		That music is subject to rules is a fact not even doubted by those reactionaries who become excited over the “dictatorship” of the method, after decades spent in reproaching new music for being “anarchistic” simply because it destroyed the old rules.
	www.greschak.com /poems/comm/s4428874.htm (280 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search View - Schoenberg
		His early tonal works are reminiscent of the music of the German composer Johannes Brahms, but before long he assimilated the chromaticism of the German composer Richard Wagner.
		About 1920 Schoenberg began to formulate his twelve-tone technique and to draw on classical musical forms to structure his compositions.
		Schoenberg occasionally returned to tonal composition, but in the majority of his works of the 1930s and '40s he attempted to synthesize the twelve-tone technique with the formal principles he had employed during his expressionist period.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761573088__1/Schoenberg.html (804 words)

	[No title]
		Krenek concedes that the twelve-tone technique circumscribes the composer’s melodic choices and enforces substantial restrictions on the use of counterpoint.
		All twelve pieces are based on the same series, and the four basic forms of the series are utilized in a manner which is quite consistent with Schoenberg’s conception of twelve-tone theory.
		In his notes on the compositional technique of this collection, Krenek observes that “in the subsequent four pieces the basic tone row is used in different, less rigid ways, showing more recent developments of the twelve-tone technique.” In these pieces, the row is divided into groups of tones (into three four-tone groups in No.
	www.oglethorpe.edu /faculty/~r_blumenthal/liner_notes.htm (1877 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A piece of music composed in twelve-tone technique assumes a preexisting ("precompositional," meaning the composer chooses it before composing any actual music with it) ordering of the twelve pitch-classes of the chromatic scale.
		All the pitches in the piece are (or should be) referable in some way to the particular set; this is the fundamental premise of twelve- tone technique.
		In Schoenberg's technique, there are four basic forms of the set.
	www.tufts.edu /~mdevoto/twelve.html (382 words)

	Twelve-tone music of Arnold Schoenberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On other words, the first tone of a row must be followed by the second through the twelfth note (Marquis, 192).
		The twelve-tone techniques was developed by Arnold Schoenberg who was a radical stylistic departure based upon a rejection of the tonal music.
		Schoenberg’s own technique shows not only what freedom in the musical imagination possesses within the laws of this self-discovered and self-imposed order but also the actual use of the technique.
	www.pcpros.net /~ntxawgl/music/12_tones_technique.htm (1305 words)

	The Music Chamber - The 12-Tone Series
		This way, the tones are now interpreted in terms of their relation to each other, and not to any one key tone.
		This was what Schoenberg had in mind when he originally called the system a "Method of Composing with Twelve Tones Which are Related Only One with Another." The technique makes it impossible for any one tone to assume more importance than any other.
		The attitude behind the twelve-tone method is well summed up in the words of Schoenberg's pupil Alban Berg: "Just as the church modes disappeared and made way for major and minor, so these two have disappeared and made way for a single series, the chromatic scale.
	library.thinkquest.org /27110/noframes/periods/twelvetone.html?tqskip1=1&tqtime=0504 (478 words)

	Xebec Sound Arts 10-Fujieda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Equal temperament refers to the tones produced through the simple division of an octave, and as such is a practical, handy temperament divided into approximately equal intervals.
		With the equal intervals of twelve-tone temperament making it possible to measure half-tone units, the homogeneous relationship between tonalities is diluted and all that remains seems to be a more systematic negation of tonality (in other words, the new "tonality" of atonality is created).
		The vicissitudes in 20th century compositional styles began with the twelve-tone technique, after the utilitarianism of equal temperament had prepared the way for it.
	www.sukothai.com /X.SA.10/X.10.Fujieda.html (1705 words)

	Writing: Tone & Style - One Of Us Creative Writing Workshop, Writing Tips (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The tone of a story may be light-hearted, serious, or optimistic.
		Tone and style can both be used to convey an attitude.
		The definitions of tone and style used above were written with help from http://www.buzzin.net/english/tone.htm.
	www.oneofus.co.uk /writing_tips/tone_and_style.htm (204 words)

	Musical Forms - Twelve Tone Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		According to the Schönbergian principle, the 12 notes of the equal-tempered scale are arranged in a particular order, forming a series or row that serves as the basis of the composition.
		In Schönberg's 'Method of Composing with Twelve Notes Which are Related Only to One Another', the note-row may be used in its original form, or inverted, or retrograde, or retrograde inverted; in each of these forms it may be transposed to any pitch (each note-row may thus have 48 possible forms).
		As originally designed by Schönberg, the method was intended to preclude tonality, though later composers, notably Berg, found ways of using the technique in a tonal context - as indeed did Schönberg himself.
	w3.rz-berlin.mpg.de /cmp/g_twelve_tone.html (193 words)

	You Could Feel the SkyYou Could Feel the SkyI do believe I heard all twelve notes in there... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Kyle Gann discusses twelve-tone technique and at the end eventually comes to terms with the essential misunderstanding of the whole mess.
		The row is a useful way to organize the twelve notes (assuming you are using twleve-note octave division) when you have no tonics or dominants.
		Twelve Tone music isn’t a style or a genre and it shouldn’t be taught as such.
	www.brenmc.com /blog/index.php?id=17 (453 words)

	Polish Music Journal 6.1.03 - Go³±b: Józef Koffler - the first Polish composer of 12-tone music
		Artistic questions become more important than "technical tricks." In this sort of approach to twelve-tone technique, Koffler is closest to Schoenberg, who — as is known — emphasized the importance of the aesthetic aspect in twelve-tone composition.
		These traits leave no doubt that Koffler had an excellent knowledge of Schoenberg's scores from the expressionist period and that he transferred those traits to his own twelve-tone scores at a time when Schoenberg and his students were turning their interests toward the reduced and more homogeneous classical orchestra.
		Nor does the work as a whole give an impression of stylistic incoherence since this technique increases thematic contrast, which is the norm of the genre.
	www.usc.edu /dept/polish_music/PMJ/issue/6.1.03/Golab.html (4289 words)

	Serialism - TheBestLinks.com - Alban Berg, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Music, Minimalism, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The terms serial and twelve tone are often used as synonyms.
		To clarify the terms total serialism or integral serialism are often used to distinguish twelve tone composition from the more expansive kind.
		They conceived of taking the structure of 12 tone technique, and expanding on Webern's compositional style, place all elements of music under the control of a unique "series".
	www.thebestlinks.com /Serialism.html (546 words)

	Twelve-Tone Composition
		f# and g) is a "semitone." A tone is the distance between two pitches seperated by one pitch (eg.
		The original ordering of the twelve tones is referred to as the prime (P) form of the row.
		Often Berg would divide the 12 tones of a row into two 6-note collections, or hexachords.
	www.geocities.com /al6an6erg/serial.html (1085 words)

	style and (I have no) idea
		Just as while there may be a twelve-tone technique, there is no minimalist technique or "classical" technique.
		Or no technique at all, as is also the case for some of my recent music.
		I don't judge a piece based on how intelligently its canons and tone rows are manipulated, nor do I disqualify a piece because it doesn't use any strict technique.
	homepage.mac.com /dtoub/blog/C1162157567/E1351416581 (1312 words)

	Dallapiccola: Piccola musica notturna (1954)
		Dallapiccola was not the first Italian to experiment with Schoenberg’s technique (that honor goes to Giacinto Scelsi, who later abandoned it), but he began flirting with dodecaphony early, in the mid-1930s, having formed a friendship with Berg in 1934; from 1942 he composed primarily in that idiom.
		The quality of the night invoked is very different from Mozart’s, and—the twelve-tone technique notwithstanding—seems to hark back less to Schoenberg than to Bartok, the latter known for the “night-music” movements of his works.
		Though not normally given to displays of technical explanation, Dallapiccola does seem to have been proud of the fact that this work is based on an all-interval row: i.e., an ordering of the twelve pitches in which every possible interval is represented.
	www.americansymphony.org /dialogues_extensions/2001_02season/2001_10_05/dallapiccola.cfm (600 words)

	Finnish Music Information Centre
		Bergman studied the twelve-tone technique with Wladimir Vogel in Switzerland in 1954.
		Meriläinen abandoned Neoclassicism for the twelve-tone technique in the last years of the 1950s, although dodecaphony, too, was merely a passing — though liberating — phase in his career.
		He developed a technique of his own in which the music is built up of three kinds of "characters": "fields" expressed in tone surfaces or clusters; "lines" drawn by melodies; and "points" made up of single or repeated pitches.
	www.fimic.fi /fimic/fimic.nsf/82c219a4e9e6055e422566c0004a78d3/ec33531e673ad592c2256775003aee3b!OpenDocument (2133 words)

	Berg, Alban. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		He adopted atonality and later the twelve-tone technique of Schoenberg, although he tempered it with the lyric and dramatic qualities of the Viennese romantic tradition.
		His masterpiece, the opera Wozzeck (based on the play Woyzeck by Georg Büchner; Berlin, 1925), written in a free atonal style (see atonality) with occasional intrusions of tonality, aroused strenuous protest, but it has since been acclaimed as a major work of the 20th-century musical stage.
		His Violin Concerto (Barcelona, 1936), his last completed work, written as an elegy on the death of Alma Mahler’s 18-year old daughter, combines eloquent lyricism with the rigors the twelve-tone technique and of the classical form.
	www.bartleby.com /65/be/Berg-Alb.html (262 words)

	Arnold Schoenberg (1874 - 1951)
		He is particularly remembered as one of the first composers to embrace atonality, and for his twelve tone technique of composition using tone rows.
		Although composers such as Busoni, Debussy, Ives, Mahler, and Scriabin intuited the implications of this new key, it was Arnold Schoenberg who first formulated a comprehensive theory for the manipulation and ordering of the twelve tones.
		Twelve-tone theory was extrapolated upon by Anton Webern and continued to be evolved by composers through the fifties, when it developed into the form known as serialism, or the International Style.
	www.jahsonic.com /ArnoldSchoenberg.html (564 words)

	Tonality [M.Tevfik DORAK]
		There is nothing in the twelve-tone technique that precludes tonal organization.
		Tonal ambiguity: Diminished sevenths, tritones (whole tone scale) [tonally polyvalent chords]; semitonal progressions (twelve note scale); extended tonality (free chromaticism, modal inflections); lack of cadences (fluid tonality); oscillating major-minor triads; empty fifths; high level dissonance; unresolved appoggiatura chords.
		Twelve-tone technique: A system devised by Schoenberg using all twelve chromatic notes of the scale and denying a tonal centre.
	members.tripod.com /~dorakmt/music/tonality.html (955 words)

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