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Topic: Twelvers

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	Twelvers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Twelvers (Arabic: اثنا عشرية‎ translit: Ithnā ‘Asharīyyah) are Shi'a Muslims who believe there were twelve Imāms.
		Ja'farī is always taken to refer to Twelvers to the exclusion of the Ismā'īlī and Zaydī ("Fivers").
		This day is annually commemorated with grief and sorrow; some participate in ritual beating of their chests, as some believe this is a form of expressing the helplessness that comes from a practical inability to have helped Hussayn and his small troop of 62 revolutionaries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Twelvers (1096 words)

	Twelvers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Twelvers or the "Ithna Asharia" are members of the group of Shias who believe in twelve Imams.
		The Twelvers are the largest Shia school of thought, predominant in Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq and Bahrain.
		Jafari is always taken to refer to "the Twelvers" to the exclusion of the Ismailis, and the Zaidis ("the Fivers").
	www.lemongrove.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Twelvers (932 words)

	ShaikhSiddiqui Ithna Ashari (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Twelvers constitute ninety percent of the modern population of Iran and fifty-five to sixty percent of the population of Iraq.
		Twelver Shias are the majority in Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, Azerbaijan and also have substantial populations in Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Pakistan, Lebanon, Syria, India, Afghanistan and Banladesh.
		Twelver Shiasm appears to have grown in size partly because it did not have a living Imam; many other descendants or alleged descendants of the Prophet called themselves the Imam, formented militarty revolt, and were killed.
	www.shaikhsiddiqui.com /ithnaashari.html (1009 words)

	Twelvers / Ithna Ashari Islam
		The Twelvers are by far the largest group of Shiite Muslims, because the Iranians are Twelvers.
		Twelver Shiites are the majority in Iran, Iraq, Azerbaijan and also have substantial populations in Turkey, Pakistan, Lebanon, Syria, India, Afghanistan and Bahrain.
		Twelver Shiism appears to have grown in size partly because it did not have a living Imam; many other descendants or alleged descendants of the Prophet called themselves the Imam, formented militarty revolt, and were killed.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/intro/islam-ithna-ashari.htm (755 words)

	Twelvers
		Twelvers are by far the largest group of Shi'is, making up around 80% of the total Shi'is. Twelvers represent the majority of Muslims in Iran, Iraq and Bahrain.
		Among the foremost rituals with the Twelver is the celebration of Muharram and Ashura, which commemorates the incidents of 680, from when Shi'ism broke with the Islam of the Caliph.
		Historically Twelvers have been much divided, and there was in the early periods up to 11 branches, with extremely differing opinions about the line of imams.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/twelvers.htm (710 words)

	Twelvers - Psychology Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Twelvers or the "Ithna Asharia" (Arabic اثنا عشرية;) are members of the group of Shi'a Islam who believe in twelve Imams.
		The Twelvers are the largest Shi'a school of thought, predominant in Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon and Bahrain.
		Imami is a reference to the Twelver belief in holy and infallible Imams after the time of Muhammad.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Jafari (1051 words)

	Shiites, Shia, Shi'a
		Twelver Shiism became the state religion of Persia (Iran) under the Safavid dynasty in the 16th century; it retains that position in the present - day Islamic republic of Iran.
		The main body of Shiites recognize 12 imams and are called the "Twelvers"; the Ismailis recognize 7 and are called the "Seveners." The last imam disappeared in 880, and Shiites to this day await his return, when they believe that justice will be established on earth.
		The Twelver Shi'i population in 1980 was estimated to be 72,750,000.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txo/shiites.htm (3834 words)

	Wikipedia: Shi'a Islam
		The Seveners and Twelvers differ regarding the rights of succession after the death of Muhammad, but they agree that the Sunni have usurped the rightful authority of Muhammad's family descendants.
		Other minor groups exist that grew out of Shiism, such as the Zaidis who believe in the same first four Imams as the Twelvers and Seveners, but differ on the fifth.
		Members of the Bahá'í Faith also accept the Twelver Shi'a succession as correct, though they also believe that the Twelfth Imám has already returned as the Báb and subsequently Bahá'u'lláh and, as such, adhere to the laws, Scriptures, and institutions of the latter instead of those of Islam.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/s/sh/shi_a_islam.html (417 words)

	Alliance For Security - What do we know about Shi'i Twelvers?
		Twelver Shi'ahs account for the overwhelming majority of Shi'ahs worldwide, who trace the line of Imams to the "Twelfth Imam." Twelvers distinguish themselves from other Shi'ah sects through their loyalty to the Seventh Imam, Musa al Kazim, as opposed to those Shi'ah who chose to follow his brother.
		Twelver Shi'ahs have survived so well probably because they have been the least politically active, and have at times been entirely non-political.
		Today, Twelvers encompass 80 percent of the population of Iran and most of the Shi'ah population in Iraq.
	www.allianceforsecurity.org /twelver (388 words)

	Hyperboreans ~ View topic - Sufi's, Mysticisim And Christ The Mystic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Twelvers, unlike the Sufi's (who are partial to the esoteric meanings of the Qu'ran their entire faith is based upon it.), give equal weight to the esoteric and exoteric meanings of the Qur'an.
		With the Twelver's, belief in the Madhi is characteristic, the hidden 12th Imam.
		Twelver Shi'ism also, as in the 16th century, is the state religion of Iran.
	www.hyperboreans.com /forums/viewtopic.php?t=285 (1518 words)

	Twelvers at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Jafari is always taken to refer to "the Twelvers" to the exclusion of the Ismailis ("the Seveners") and the Zaidis ("the Fivers").
		The term Jafari is used as the Jafari school of thought (madhab) and deduction of jurisprudence (fiqh) was founded by the 6th Shia Imam Jafar Sadiq.
		Commonly referring to the zealous members among the Twelvers, though it can be taken to refer to shia in general.
	www.wiki.tatet.com /Twelver.html (965 words)

	Briona's Blog
		Twelvers are the largest sub sect of Shia Muslims and have the greatest numbers in Iran.
		“Twelvers are the least politically active because their beliefs focus on the more spiritual side of leaders rather than the temporary leaders” http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/intro/islam-ithna-ashari.htm.
		Twelvers believe that the twelfth Imam, the Mahdi, never really died but went into hiding and has been hiding in a cave for more than a thousand years but soon will emerge to rule once more.
	brionaoc.blogspot.com (11574 words)

	Ismaili - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Though there are several sub-groupings within the Ismailis, the term in today's vernaular generally refers to the Nizar Ismailis, who are followers of the His Highness the Aga Khan, and are the only Shi'a community with a continuing line of Imamat.
		The Ismā'īlī are found primarily in the South Asia, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, China, Tajikistan, Afghanistan and East Africa, but have in recent years emigrated to Europe and North America.
		The Ismā'īliyya and the Twelvers both accept the same initial Imams from the descendants of Muħammad through his daughter Fātima az-Zahra and therefore share much of their early history.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ismaili (2715 words)

	Zaiddiyah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Zaidi separated from the main Shia branch (the Shia Ithna Asharia or "Twelvers") over a disagreement as to who the fifth Imam was.
		Twelvers believe it was Muhammad al-Baqir, while Zaidis hold that it was his half-brother, Zayd bin Ali.
		Zaidis see Zayd as the fifth Imam because of the rebellion he led against the Umayyad dynasty, which he believed was corrupt.
	zaiddiyah.clonewars.ipupdater.com (322 words)

	The Isma'ilis
		Isma'ilis are a Shi'a sect and therefore firmly uphold the Shi'a doctrine of the imamate (imamah).
		Some section of the Twelvers however add that Isma'il was initially appointed as the heir but since he had pre-deceased his father, the imamate was then passed on to Musa.
		A section of the Isma'ilis challenge this position and state that the imamate cannot be revoked and should always pass on from father to son, and therefore Isma'il would be succeeded by his son Muhammad.
	www.compsoc.man.ac.uk /~moiz/islam/ismailis.html (651 words)

	STUDENTS FOR NADER: TWELVERS
		Twelvers are groups of citizens working to get this country back on track.
		The Nader for President campaign and the Twelver movement work to shift power out of corporate hands and back into the hands of the people.
		As a twelver of students you all take election day off from any thing you can (Classes, work) go to the polls and vote together, and then go for dinner or beer and watch as the election results come back in.
	studentsfornader.blogspot.com /2004/09/twelvers.html (233 words)

	Zaiddiyah - TheBestLinks.com - Zaidis, Caliph, Islam, Ismailis, ...
		The reason why Zayd is seen as the rightful Imam is because of his belief that a true Imam must fight corrupt regimes, which is exactly what he sought to achieve in his rebellion against the Umayyads.
		They also reject the Twelver notion of a hidden Imam, and like the Ismailis believe in a living imam, or even imams.
		Doctrine wise, the Zaidis are similar to the Sunni Mutazilite.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Zaidis.html (273 words)

	Religious Minorities in the Muslim World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The reason for this is the high esteem in which Fatima, the wife of Ali and the daughter of Mohammed, is held.
		Twelver comes from the fact that they believe that Mohammed was followed by twelve Imams.
		Twelvers make up a majority in Iran (89%), Azerbijan (60%), Bahrain (70%) and Iraq (62%), but, with the exception of Iran, they have been oppressed in the three other countries despite their majority status.
	iml.jou.ufl.edu /projects/Spring05/Shullick/twelver.htm (489 words)

	Shiite - About Shiite - KnowledgeIsFun.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The term "Shia" is often taken to be synonymous with the Twelvers.
		According to the Twelvers, the twelve descendants of Ali are Imams and have a special status; they are less than the Prophet, but higher than ordinary mortals.
		Husain (or al-Husain) was a son of Ali and the grandson of Islam’s prophet Muhammad and is a symbol of martyrdom for Shiites.
	www.knowledgeisfun.com /S/Sh/Shiite.php (662 words)

	Saudi Arabia - Shia
		Saudi Shia belong to the sect of the Twelvers, the same sect to which the Shia of Iran and Bahrain belong.
		The Twelvers believe that the leadership of the Muslim community rightfully belongs to the descendants of Ali, the son-in-law of the Prophet, through Ali's son Husayn.
		There were twelve such rightful rulers, known as Imams, the last of whom, according to the Twelvers, did not die but went into hiding in the ninth century, to return in the fullness of time as the messiah (mahdi) to create the just and perfect Muslim society.
	countrystudies.us /saudi-arabia/28.htm (715 words)

	Shi'i
		From this point on the Twelver Shi'i received significant support, protection and funding from the Persian state, and major theological centers were built up in Esfahan, Najaf, Qom and Meshed.
		A significant feature of Twelver Shi'i belief is their expectation of the return of the last Imam, called the Mahdi, to lead the faithful in establishing the Shi'i belief on Islam in preparation for the Judgement Day.
		The Twelvers continue with Musa al Kazim, Ali ar Rida, Muhammad at Taqi, Ali al Hadi, Hassan al Askari and Muhammad al Mahdi, their last Imam whom they believe went into occultation.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/shii.htm (1394 words)

	Volunteer Form - Nader for President 2004 - www.votenader.org
		Twelvers is a new program launched by Ralph Nader to get reform-minded people together in small local units.
		Fast growth of the Twelver movement is fueled by the Twelvers Pledge.
		As a Twelver, I acknowledge that I am contributing my time and efforts to political reform, but am not otherwise affiliated with the Nader campaign.
	www.votenader.org /get_involved/twelvers.php (599 words)

	Islam: Chapter Six: The Dissidents of the Community: 3. The Twelvers
		The Twelver Shī‘a, or Ithna-‘asharīya, are numerically the largest of the Shī‘ī sects, and exhibit most of the doctrines which became classical with the Shī‘a.
		The Twelvers were encouraged in Persia under the Mongols, since they had no objection to the destruction of the Sunnī Caliphate, and in A.D. 1502 Twelverism was
		These selections on the imāmate are from the creed of Ibn Babūya al-Sadūq, one of the greatest early Twelver doctors, who collected traditions and elaborated the doctrine in the Buwayhī period.
	www.sacred-texts.com /isl/isl/isl39.htm (1813 words)

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