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	Germany - The Construction and Fall of the Berlin Wall and The Two-plus-Four-Treaty of 1990: UNESCO-CI
		This momentum and process is part of the political heritage and the collective memory of Germany, Europe and the world during the post-World War II era.
		The memory of the world of the construction and the fall of the Berlin Wall is made up of a complex fabric of tangible and intangible heritage, by physical remains, media-transmitted images and by political documents and treaties.
		The documents proposed for inscription are significant audio documents and images of both 1961 and 1989 as well as the Two-plus-Four Treaty of Sept 12, 1990 (Moscow).
	portal.unesco.org /ci/fr/ev.php-URL_ID=21858&URL_DO=DO_PRINTPAGE&URL_SECTION=201.html (426 words)

	Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany is the final peace treaty negotiated between the Federal Republic of Germany, the German Democratic Republic, and the Four Powers which occupied Germany at the end of World War II in Europe: France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union.
		The treaty is sometimes referred to as the Two Plus Four Agreement (German: Zwei-plus-Vier-Vertrag) and paved the way for the German re-unification, which took place on October 3.
		Although the treaty was signed by the two German states as separate entities, it was ratified by a united Germany per the terms of the agreement.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Two_Plus_Four_Treaty (331 words)

	Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany is the final peace treaty negotiated between the Federal Republic of Germany, the German Democratic Republic, and the Four Powers which occupied Germany at the end of World War II in Europe - France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union.
		The treaty is sometimes referred to as the Two Plus Four Agreement and paved the way for the German re-unification, which took place on October 3.
		Perhaps the most significant of the treaty's terms was Germany's renouncing of all claims to territory east of the Oder-Neisse line—Germany thus finally accepted the territorial losses imposed after 1945.
	www.marylandheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Two_Plus_Four_Treaty (347 words)

	German reunification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After the GDR's first free elections on 18 March 1990, negotiations between the GDR and FRG culminated in a Unification Treaty, whilst negotiations between the GDR and FRG and the four occupying powers produced the so-called "Two Plus Four Treaty" granting full independence to a reunified German state.
		The German "Einigungsvertrag" (Unification Treaty) was signed on August 31, 1990 by representatives of the FRG and GDR.
		On September 12, 1990 the Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany (Two Plus Four Treaty) was signed and officially reestablished the sovereignty of both German states.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/German_reunification (1198 words)

	Germany Today - The German Unification Treaty - travel and tourist information, flight reservations, travel bargains, ...
		The two leaders also agreed that the Soviet troops would be withdrawn from East Germany by the end of 1994, and that the Federal Republic would provide financial support for their repatriation.
		Within that framework the Soviet Union, the United States, France and the United Kingdom, as well as the representatives of the two German states, confirmed the unification of Germany consisting of the territories of the former GDR, the Federal Republic and Berlin.
		The ratification of the Unification Treaty and the Two-plus-Four Treaty marked the termination of the rights and responsibilities of the four victorious powers 'with respect to Berlin and Germany as a whole'.
	www.europe-today.com /germany/gerunif.html (1088 words)

	History of Germany
		By late 1949, two states had emerged in divided Germany: the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, or West Germany), a member of the Western bloc under the leadership of the United States; and the German Democratic Republic (GDR, or East Germany), part of the Eastern bloc led by the Soviet Union.
		Although the two German states were composed of a people speaking one language and sharing the same traditions, they came to have the political systems of their respective blocs.
		The Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, the so-called Two-Plus-Four Treaty, was signed in September by the two Germanys and the four victors of World War II--Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States.
	motherearthtravel.com /germany/history.htm (5173 words)

	[No title]
		The treaty consisted of a number of elements, not the least of which was the non-aggression clause stipulating that neither side would attack the other nor would they support the attack by someone else, and that disputes were to be settled henceforth through peaceful negotiation.
		That is not to say that the agreements reached were merely convenient outcomes of unfolding events; it is to say that the interpretation of Realpolitik as a reflection of the real political matters at hand and their importance and how they were dealt with by Germany and the Soviet Union is valid.
		Clearly, the effect of reunification and the new spirit of cooperation and goodwill between the two states, be it lofty or Realpolitik in nature, would and did have an impact on the political spectrum of the emerging German unified state.
	www.geocities.com /saladium/Germanfo.doc (2459 words)

	Dispatch, Vol 2, No 25, June 24, 1991
		Taken as a set--the CFE Treaty and the manpower declarations being negotiated in CFE 1A; CSCE, including this new agenda for arms control; the continued vitality of NATO, including its liaison missions; the EC and other European institutions--we are building the basis for cooperative security in Europe.
		President Cristiani said that the two sides have agreed that the officer corps of the armed forces will be evaluated by a new commission to determine which officers should continue and which should not, with human rights as clearly one of the key criterion.
		He said the two sides have already agreed that there will be a substantial reduction in the size of the armed forces, and President Cristiani said that that would allow El Salvador to devote more resources for education and health and other social purposes.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/briefing/dispatch/1991/html/Dispatchv2no25.html (18326 words)

	German Army and Its Equipment
		It was composed of two principal elements, the field army and the much smaller territorial army.
		These commitments were embodied in the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, or, as it is more commonly known, the Two-Plus-Four Treaty signed in September 1990 and the CFE Treaty signed that November.
		The treaty obligations were met successfully, and in early 1995 the Bundesheer amounted to about 255,000 soldiers, of whom about 123,000 were conscripts.
	www.germanculture.com.ua /library/facts/bl_army.htm (852 words)

	German reunification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		After the GDR's first free elections on March 18 1990, negotiations between the GDR and FRG culminated in a Unification Treaty, whilst negotiations between the GDR and FRG and the four occupying powers produced the so-called " Two Plus Four Treaty " granting full independence to a reunified German state.
		The term "reunification" is used in contrast with the German Empire of Germany in 1871.
		Germany was officially reunified on October 3, 1990, when the five reestablished federal states (States of Germany) of East Germany formally joined the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), choosing one of two options implemented in the West German constitution (Grundgesetz).
	in-northcarolina.com /search/German_reunification.html (1167 words)

	German unification - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM
		Two months later, the Preparatory Treaty for the Monetary, Economic and Social Union between the GDR and the Federal Republic of Germany was signed.
		United Germany's integration in the foreign policy context was regulated under a separate treaty signed by the two German states and the four allied powers who had defeated Germany in the Second World War -- the United States, England, France and the Soviet Union.
		The Unification Treaty between the GDR and the Federal Republic went into effect on September 29, 1990, creating the legal prerequisites for reunification.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /columns/html/20021003T190000-0500_33000_OBS_GERMAN_UNIFICATION.asp (904 words)

	Whittier Law School
		The nature of war is such that the governments of the victorious nations determine and negotiate the resolution of the claims of their nationals by way of agreements between the nations involved or affected by the war.
		Hence, "a peace treaty or similar arrangement" was not feasible at the "time in view of existing world political conditions." Id. Although Germany never entered into a formal peace treaty with the Allies, it has entered into multiple bilateral treaties providing compensation for victims of Nazi persecution.
		The procedure sought--adjudication of some two hundred thousand claims for multifarious damages inflicted twenty to thirty years ago in an European area by a government then in power--is too complicated, too costly, to justify undertaking by a court without legislative provision of the means wherewith to proceed.
	www.law.whittier.edu /holocaust/appendix_g.asp (2591 words)

	Legal Aspects of the Unification of the Two German States
		Shortly after the Treaty on the Final Settlement a further Treaty between the Federal Republic and the USSR on Good Neighbourhood, Friendly Relations, and Cooperation of November 9, 1990 as well as an additional Treaty on Economic Cooperation and an Inter-Governmental Agreement on Cooperation in Social and Labour-Relation Matters were concluded.
		Although these treaties had affirmed the inviolability of the existing Western borders of Poland and contained a renunciation of any territorial claims, the Federal Republic took the position that it concluded these treaties in its own name and therefore a united Germany would not be bound by them.
		In legal terms it is the implementation of the final peace settlement of the Two Plus Four Treaty of September 12, 1990 settling finally, in accordance with the Allied Powers, all questions relating to the territorial status of a unified Germany.
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol2/No1/art2-01.html (5006 words)

	Germany since reunification
		On July 17 the two Germanies and Poland reached an agreement in principle, to be guaranteed by the four World War II Allies.
		This was achieved by the Treaty on Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, now universally referred to as the Two plus Four Treaty, in which the Allies relinquished all their rights as occupying powers and allowed Germany to be established as a fully independent state.
		Although it only covers roughly two thirds the area of the Deutsche Reich, it is unequivocally the one and only German state, and clearly the locus of the German nation within the framework of the Kleindeutschland concept.
	www.intellectbooks.com /europa/number3/blacksel.htm (4030 words)

	German reunification biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This agreement was implemented through the so-called "Two Plus Four Treaty", signed on September 12, 1990 by the four occupying powers: the United States, United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and France, as well as by the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).
		Although the intent was for the occupying powers to govern Germany together, when the Cold War began the French, British and American zones formed the Federal Republic of Germany (including West Berlin) while the Soviet zone formed the German Democratic Republic in 1949.
		The travel restrictions for East Germans were removed by the new government on November 9, 1989, and many people immediately went to the Wall where the border guards opened access points and allowed them through.
	german-reunification.biography.ms (859 words)

	ANSWER
		The borders between the two had been opened the previous November, the Berlin Wall had been reduced to rubble, and citizens on both sides were calling for a united Germany.
		The treaty was signed in Moscow on September 12th, 1990, clearing the way for German reunification, which occurred almost immediately after, on October 3rd of the same year.
		However, the treaty did not officially take effect until it was ratified by all parties, and the "instruments of ratification" were delivered to Germany.
	www.manbottle.com /trivia/Post-war_Germany.htm_answer.htm (254 words)

	German-American Relations - Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany (two plus four)
		The right of the united Germany to belong to alliances, with all the rights and responsibilities arising therefrom, shall not be affected by the present Treaty.
		The present Treaty shall enter into force for the united Germany, the French Republic, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America on the date of deposit of the last instrument of ratification or acceptance by these states.
		The original of the present Treaty, of which the English, French, German and Russian texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, which shall transmit certified true copies to the Governments of the other Contracting Parties.
	usa.usembassy.de /etexts/2plusfour8994e.htm (1467 words)

	Goethe-Institut School Projects - Project Topics - Berlin Wall
		There were two, very moving developments that led to the reunification of Germany: the democratisation of the east, especially made possible by Mikhail Gorbachev, and the courage of thousands of people who fought for their freedom.
		Two days later around 15,000 GDR citizens have arrived in the Federal Republic via this route.
		23 August 1990 Before the end of the negotiations on a Unification Treaty between the two German states, the Chamber of the People decides on accession of the GDR to the Federal Republic for 3 October 1990.
	www.goethe.de /ins/ie/prj/scl/thm/pku/en27485.htm (627 words)

	AllRefer.com - Germany - Postwar Developments - Unification \| German Information Resource
		The treaty stipulated that the five newly reconstituted Länder in the GDR would accede to the Federal Republic on October 3, 1990, as provided for under Article 23 of the Basic Law.
		Within this framework, the two German states, togeth er with the United States, the Soviet Union, France, and Britain, were able to confirm the unification of Germany as consisting of the GDR, the FRG, and Berlin.
		On October 3, the Unification Treaty went in to effect, and the five new Länder formed in the territory of the former GDR acceded to the Federal Republic as provided for under Article 23 of the Basic Law.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/germany/germany144.html (2914 words)

	Germany - Opening of the Berlin Wall and Unification
		Held in four sessions, the last of which was on September 12, the talks culminated in the signing of the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany (the Two-Plus-Four Treaty).
		When the historic constellation allowing unification appeared, swift and decisive action on the part of Chancellor Kohl and the unwavering, strong support given by the United States government for the early completion of the unification process were key elements in surmounting the last hurdles during the final phase of the Two-Plus-Four Talks.
		The unification treaty, consisting of more than 1,000 pages, was approved by a large majority in the Bundestag and the Volkskammer on September 20, 1990.
	countrystudies.us /germany/73.htm (1098 words)

	German Army
		An unusual feature of the Luchs is that it has two drivers, one at the front and one at the rear, and can be driven at speeds of up to 90km/h in either direction.
		The two man power operated turret is armed with the same 20mm Rheinmetall cannon as is fitted to the Marder 1 infantry combat vehicle used by the German army, with a 7.62mm machine gun mounted on the roof.
		The two man power operated turret is armed with the same 20mm Rheinmetall canon as is fitted to the Luchs vehicles used by the German Army, with a 7.62mm machine gun being mounted co-axially.
	homepage.eircom.net /~steven/german_army.htm (4552 words)

	State and nation: Germany since reunification Mark Blacksell
		However, until 1989, though widely desired and much discussed in the course of the preceding four decades, reunification had apparently become a distant and ever dimmer prospect, despite a continuing ritual adherence to it on the part of all the major political parties in the FRG.
		The creation, in 1949, of the two German states, the FRG and the GDR, out of the bulk of the Allied-occupied territory of the Third Reich marked a decisive break with the past.
		This was, first, because reunification had removed the necessity for the Basic Treaty to make provisionfor further Lander to join the federation; and, second, to take account of the provisions on European unity in the Treaty on European Union (the Maastricht Treaty).
	www.intellectbooks.com /nation/html/germany.htm (3956 words)

	Security in an Undivided Europe - Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy
		However, there are two aspects which have played a particularly important role in public discussion: the consequences for the Alliance's capacity for collective defense (the geo-strategic position and the political and economic stability of the candidates are given particular stress) and the attitude of Russia.
		When the Treaty was signed at the Paris CSCE Summit on 18 November 1990, the East-West confrontation was over and the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact could be foreseen.
		For that reason, the 30 State Parties of the CFE Treaty, meeting on the fringes of the OSCE Summit in Lisbon in December 1996, agreed to negotiations to adapt the Treaty to the new security situation in Europe.
	www.fas.org /man/nato/ifnatost.htm (7231 words)

	Germany Info: Culture & Life: History: German Unification
		Implicit in the agreement on currency union and the concurrent plans for merging the economic and social welfare systems of the two German states was the understanding that Bonn would shoulder much of the financial burden of closing the economic gap between unified Germany's eastern and western states.
		This tendency obscures two important points: the impact of unification on western Germans has not been merely financial and today's Federal Republic is not simply a bigger version of its pre-unification self.
		Germany, with its sovereignty fully restored by the 1990 "Two-Plus- Four Treaty,"* has extended its commitment to European integration by taking a leading role in helping the formerly communist states of Eastern Europe on their way toward membership in the European Union and NATO.
	www.germany-info.org /relaunch/culture/history/unification.html (2526 words)

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