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Topic: Two party system

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Two-party system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A two-party system is a type of party system where only two political parties have a realistic chance of winning an election. In an effort to attract voters, each party will adopt planks of the other party's platform, leading to the appearance in some skeptics' minds of a one-party system. For example, the party with the second-highest total vote tally actually won a parliamentary majority in the 1847, 1852, 1874, and 1951 UK general elections, and the most seats in the January 1910, December 1910, 1929, and February 1974 elections. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Two-party_system   (1250 words)

Party system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For example, the use of First Past the Post in elections to a state's primary legislative assembly (for example general elections) usually results in a two-party system (this theory is called Duverger's law). Party systems are usually created by a variety of factors, such as the type of electoral system used in a state. A party system is a concept in political science concerning the system of government in a state where political parties exist. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Party_system   (204 words)

Single-party state - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A one-party system should not be confused with a dominant-party system in which an opposition is not officially prohibited, but it is largely ineffective (has no realistic chance of becoming the government), nor should it be confused with a non-partisan democracy which, by the consent of the electorate, prohibits all political parties. A single-party state or one-party system or single-party system is a type of party system and form of government where only a single political party dominates the government and no opposition parties are allowed. A common counter-argument is that one-party systems have a tendency to become rigid and unwilling to accept change, which renders them unable to deal with new situations and may result in their collapse. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Single-party_state   (832 words)

Voting system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In a party list system, each voter votes for one party, and then a mathematical formula is used to approximately distribute the seats in the legislature in proportion to each party's share of the vote. A voting system may select only one option (usually a candidate, but also an option that represents a decision), in which case it is called a "single winner system", or it may select multiple options, for example candidates to fill an assembly or alternative possible decisions on the measure the ballot posed. Parties may in turn be aligned with other parties, forming coalitions that can play roles beyond those played by the party. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Voting_system   (832 words)

Electoral6.doc Party List Systems Source: ERS and Ian Wright No-one seriously suggests that a list system be introduced for UK General Elections but systems partly based on this system are suggested and a list system was employed for European elections in 1998. An open party list system is one that allows the voter to vote either for the list as published or to vote for an individual candidate, wherever that candidate appears on the party's list. Party lists do nothing to ensure fair representation for traditionally under-represented groups in society, and in fact could do the opposite, since party leaders are most likely to choose people from a similar background to represent the party. www.room85.com /downloads/Electoral6.doc   (832 words)

Single-party state - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A one-party system should not be confused with a dominant-party system in which an opposition is not officially prohibited, but it is largely ineffective (has no realistic chance of becoming the government), nor should it be confused with a non-partisan democracy which, by the consent of the electorate, prohibits all political parties. A single-party state or one-party system or single-party system is a type of party system and form of government where only a single political party dominates the government and no opposition parties are allowed. A common counter-argument is that one-party systems have a tendency to become rigid and unwilling to accept change, which renders them unable to deal with new situations and may result in their collapse. www.wikipedia.org /wiki/One_party   (832 words)

Single or Multi-Party System? They thus concluded that only the single party system in which all the various tendencies in their societies are forced to compete within a single defined arena, could guarantee national integration, avoid the fissiparous tendencies inherent in opposition politics and harness most effectively the energies of their peoples for the purpose of nation building. Thus, whether a single or multi-party system is adopted, what is important is that the mode of governance should not exclude the spirit of democracy: popular elections, freedom of speech and other basic human rights, the rule of law and accountability. It was the structural composition of the post-colonial state that encouraged the emergence of `winner takes all' politics and the politics of exclusion that became manifest in the adoption of single party systems in several African states in the immediate post-independence period. www.afbis.com /analysis/party.htm   (2124 words)

Dominant-party system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A dominant-party system, or one party dominant system, is a party system where only one political party can realistically become the government, by itself or in a coalition government. However, in some dominant-party systems, opposition parties are subject to varying degrees of official harassment and most often deal with rules and electoral systems designed to put them at a disadvantage or in some cases outright electoral fraud. Dominant-party systems have been criticized because corruption and insensitivity to public demands tend to arise for lack of an effective opposition. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dominant-party_system   (1593 words)

List MP In addition, the methods used to create party lists are sometimes criticised as undemocratic — in a closed list system, the public have no way of influencing the composition of a party list. Under a party list system, voters can support their preferred party even if they are unwilling to vote for its local candidate.) An open list system, however, may go some way to addressing this concern. In the method used in Germany and New Zealand, a merger of party list representation and geographic representation is employed — parties contest geographic seats, but are then "topped up" with MPs from a party list until they have the share of seats that their vote entitles them to. www.worldhistory.com /wiki/L/List-MP.htm   (1593 words)

Sakwa: Russian Party System In this period the development of the party system was inhibited by the emergence of a distinctive type of dual power in which a presidential apparatus was superimposed on the nascent parliamentary system with little coordination between the two. The electoral law provided for a mixed system in which half the seats to a new 450-member State Duma would be elected by the traditional first-past-the-post single- member constituencies, but the other half would be elected from party lists according to a weighted system of proportional representation. Party formation in this period was marked by groups, and above all their leaders, trying to sustain autonomous organisations while at the same time forming blocs with kindred parties, contradictory impulses that imbued the whole period with a hall of mirrors quality. www.gre.ac.uk /~wp05/pwscourses/psur/articles/sakwa.htm   (1593 words)

Urgent HELP! two party system in USA. - 4Forums.com In a free country, once "power" has had time to find roots, a two party system is almost inevitable, unless prevented by law. No single political party can achieve majority on its own and must either form a government with other parties to gain their support or one of the parties can form a government and hope they will be supported by their closest political allies. Two parties simply have their polarized positions and neither need to be transparent about it. www.4forums.com /political/showthread.php?t=3541   (1970 words)

Libertarian Party - Third Party Encyclopedia The Libertarian Party claims to currently be the largest third party in the United States, a nation which is overwhelmingly dominated by two major parties who typically capture more than 95% of the vote in partisan elections. As in any political party, there is some internal disagreement about the platform, and not all the party's supporters advocate its complete or immediate implementation, but most think that the USA would benefit from most of the Libertarian Party's proposed changes. The 1988 Libertarian Party Presidential Candidate Ron Paul serves as a Republican Congressman from Texas, and is also a member of the Republican Liberty Caucus, a group of libertarian-minded members of that party. www.thirdpartywatch.com /encyclopedia/index.php?title=Libertarian_Party   (2423 words)

Party Rooting Parties are compelled to demonstrate the presence of leadership committees in two-thirds of the country’s now-32 provinces and the same in two-thirds of the regencies or municipalities in those provinces. Systems are either relatively institutionalized or relatively uninstitutionalized; this implies that all the criteria seemingly move in unison. The party seen to be the legacy of the Partai Nasional Indonesia (PNI) was the Partai Demokrasi Indonesia—Perjuangan (PDI-P), led by Sukarno’s daughter Megawati Sukarnoputri (PDI-P scored 33% in the 1999 elections). people.uncw.edu /tanp/SPSA2004.html   (10259 words)

Blondel "Types of Party Systems" Countries of group 2 have two types of party systems: Belgium, Germany, and Luxemburg resemble countries of group I, except that the centre party is stronger and, as we noted earlier, this increased strength is mainly at the expense of one only of the two major parties (in fact the Socialist party). Thus, alongside two-party systems and two-and-half-party systems, the third group should be defined, not so much as a multiparty system in which two parties obtain about two-thirds of the votes of the electorate, but as a multiparty system with a dominant party which obtains about two-fifths and less than half of the votes. Countries belonging to the first group can be defined as two-party systems, though there is some ambiguity in the cases of Australia and Austria; in both these countries some governments depended for their constitution or maintenance on the support of more than one party. janda.org /c24/Readings/Blondel/blondel.html   (1897 words)

UO Stratics - Party System The party leader is assigned by the system as soon as s/he adds the first member to the party. The only exception to looting is if a party member is in a guild that has war declarations, he may not loot anyone other than those in his guild or in a guild he is at war with. Once a character is in the same party as you are, you can pull up their status bars by clicking and holding the left mouse button over their character. uo.stratics.com /content/misc/party.shtml   (1122 words)

Duverger: The Electoral System It is also clear that the relationship between electoral and party systems is not a one-way phenomenon; if a one-ballot vote tends toward a two-party system, a two party system also favors the adoption of a single ballot voting system. I expressed its effects in 1946 in the formulation of three sociological laws: (1) a majority vote on one ballot is conducive to a two-party system; (2) proportional representation is conducive to a multiparty system; (3) a majority vote on two ballots is conducive to a multiparty system, inclined toward forming coalitions. A given electoral regime does not necessarily produce a given party system; it simply exerts an influence in the direction of a particular type of system; it is a force, acting in the midst of other forces, some of which move in an opposite direction. www.janda.org /c24/Readings/Duverger/Duverger.htm   (1502 words)

Talk:Two-party system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Germany has a law which states that a party has to hold more than 5% of the votes to enter a regional parliament, although there is an exception which allows individual representatives to be voted directly into the parliament (although, IIRC, they then act as individuals rather than members of their parties). In practice the two largest parties receive most of the media attention tho, and the thirds are usually only discussed if they enter a coalition or do something particularily outrageous (such as the two nationalist parties forming an alliance to increase each other's chance of getting seats in the parliaments). The two "third" parties are the Greens and the liberals, although in some regions the democratic socialists and even the right-wing extremists get a hold as well (the former having formed regional coalition governments before). www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Two-party_system   (970 words)

Libertarian Party - Third Party Encyclopedia The Libertarian Party claims to currently be the largest third party in the United States, a nation which is overwhelmingly dominated by two major parties who typically capture more than 95% of the vote in partisan elections. As in any political party, there is some internal disagreement about the platform, and not all the party's supporters advocate its complete or immediate implementation, but most think that the USA would benefit from most of the Libertarian Party's proposed changes. The 1988 Libertarian Party Presidential Candidate Ron Paul serves as a Republican Congressman from Texas, and is also a member of the Republican Liberty Caucus, a group of libertarian-minded members of that party. www.thirdpartywatch.com /encyclopedia/index.php?title=Libertarian_Party   (2423 words)

EE There are different types of party system; for instance, we have the one party system in China; the dominant party system in Japan; the two-party systems, in the United States and Britain; the multiparty system in Sweden; and the two-plus party system in Germany. One-party system is a kind of form of government where there is only one political party controls every level of the government and no other opposing parties are allowed. Thus, the Chinese Communist party is in control of the political system in China with a membership of 5 percent of the whole population. www.geocities.com /bebe_clare/EE.html   (2791 words)

Conservative Party (UK) Encyclopedia Article @ LaunchBase.com (Launch Base) The party's economic reputation was, however, dealt a fatal blow by the 1992 Black Wednesday debacle, in which billions of pounds were wasted trying to keep the pound within the European ERM system of exchange rates at an overvalued rate. The Conservative Party is descended from the Tory Party, one of the two ruling parties of 18th and 19th Century British Politics, and its members are still commonly referred to as Tories. Conservative modernisers point to Afriyie's election as evidence that the party is changing, though opponents argue that the election of a single black MP doesn't count for much against the perceived right-wing anti-immigrant campaign fought by the Conservatives in 2005. www.launchbase.com /encyclopedia/Conservative_Party_(UK)   (3720 words)

psystems.html These systems always have the possibility to evolve into a two party system because other parties are allowed to participate freely in the political system and provide alternatives to the governing party. This system provides a significant degree of choice between the two parties while simultaneously maintaining straightforward and stable governance, as one party generally secures a majority of votes. The type of party system which exists in a given state tends to be a product of such factors as the form of government that is in practice, what is prescribed in the constitution, the presence or absence of deep social cleavages, tradition, and so on. imej.wfu.edu /articles/1999/1/02/demo/Glossary/glossaryhtml/psystems.html   (419 words)

Publications Party government occurs in parliamentary systems in which the executive depends on continuous party discipline and has the means of reinforcing it should it lag. The survival and longevity of opposition parties may be determined either by opposition control of subnational government (prospects for this were debated), or by what happens within the majority party itself—the extent to which internal pluralism is to be tolerated is still being determined within the anc. The electoral system is strong on inclusion at the expense of accountability. www.ned.org /forum/reports/safrica/part1.html   (5878 words)

Canadian Electoral Reform The party list half are allocated in a manner that tries to provide a party with a total share of the seats in the legislature that is roughly proportional to their share of the party-list vote. The success with which a PR system provides parties with a share of the seats that is proportional to their vote share is dependent on several factors including the number of parties that fall short of the threshold and whether the votes and seats are counted up either nationally, provincially, or regionally. Or, the party list seats may be awarded with so that only the party-list seats are proportional to the share of votes; the number of seats won by SMP would be irrelevant in this case. www.sfu.ca /~aheard/elections/reform.html   (5878 words)

The National List system This system produces an assembly which exactly reflects party support. The party leaderships draw up the lists, placing their more favoured candidates near the top of the list and the less favoured candidates at the bottom. Few small parties win enough votes to be in the run in for a cut of the seats; therefore this system favours the ‘big’ parties. www.historylearningsite.co.uk /national_list_system.htm   (5878 words)

Makati Business Club: CongressWatch The party-list system aims to ensure representation among the marginalized sectors in the House of Representatives by voting in parties or organizations accredited by the Commission on Elections. The party-list system is a system of voting where voters will choose from a list of parties - not names of individual candidates - a limited number of seats in the House of Representatives. For example, if a party wins one seat - the first nominee takes the seat; if it wins two seats - the first and second nominees sit; and if it wins three seats - the first, second, and third nominees take the seat. www.mbc.com.ph /congresswatch/partyList.htm   (5878 words)

The Party-List Election: Looking Back and Forward At worst, the party-list system is aimed at coopting, or inducing the leaders of progressive people's organizations to partake of the perks and privileges offered by traditional politics and eventually to forsake their militant stand for genuine social change. The participation of the aforementioned bogus parties is making a total farce of the inherently deceptive application in the country of the party-list concept practiced in European countries. In the first party-list election held in 1998, the party-list law (Republic Act 7941) barred the major political parties from participating. www.bulatlat.com /archive/016satur.htm   (5878 words)

Party List Systems Proponents of open list systems believe that by allowing voters to choose among individual candidates within a party, the candidates will be more responsive to the concerns of the voters than the demands of the party leaders. Party list systems are the most common methods of proportional representation used around the world. The ranking of a party list of candidates, however, and therefore the individual representatives selected, are decided by the voters’ choices or by a combination of the voters’ choices and the party’s choices. www.fairvote.org /factshts/partylst.htm   (5878 words)

WorldNetDaily: How to strengthen the 2-party system As bad as it may be, however, the two-party system, functioning through the winner-take-all Electoral College, is the best mechanism for maintaining a stable federal republic and avoiding the horrors of a splintered democracy. Third-party enthusiasts complained about the uneven playing field and the built-in bias that favors the two major political parties. The nation would be stronger if the two major political parties were to define their philosophy in relation to this fundamental principle and develop their platforms to be consistent with their philosophy. www.worldnetdaily.com /news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=39615   (775 words)

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