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Topic: Two stroke cycle

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Four stroke cycle

Compression heating ignition

Internal combustion engine

Opposed piston

Otto cycle

Reciprocating engine

Piston engine

Napier Deltic

Quasiturbine

Diesel engine

Atkinson cycle

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	Two-Stroke Cycle Scavenging and Supercharging
		In comparing views A and B of figure 6-3, note that the length of the supercharging and scavenging periods in a 2-stroke cycle engine is not the same as those in a 4-stroke cycle engine.
		In a 4-stroke cycle, scavenging takes place while the piston is traveling through the latter part of the upstroke and the early part of the downstroke, and supercharging takes place when the piston is in the vicinity of BDC.
		In a 2-stroke cycle, the processes of scavenging and supercharging both take place while the piston is in the lower part of the cylinder.
	www.tpub.com /engine3/en32-3.htm (598 words)

	Two Stroke Cycle: Engines
		Two stroke: A reciprocating engine cycle in which the piston takes over some of the valve functions in order to obtain a power stroke each revolution of the crankshaft.
		Recommended for all 2- cycle air-cooled motors and may be used in such equipment as snowmobiles, motorcycles, chain saws, and lawn mowers except in cases where the engine manufacturer specifically recommends specific types of lubricants to satisfy warranty requirements.
		While two stroke vehicles have many advantages, continued growth in their population raises serious concern regarding the health and environmental effects due to high hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from such engines.
	lycos.cs.cmu.edu /info/two-stroke-cycle--engines.html (668 words)

	Four-stroke cycle internal combustion engine - Patent 6202613
		A four-stroke cycle internal combustion engine is adapted to deliver oil mist from an oil reservoir to a cam chamber together with blow-by gas.
		The present invention relates to a four-stroke cycle internal combustion engine preferably used for portable working machines such as a portable trimmer, though not restricted thereto, and in particular, to a four-stroke cycle internal combustion engine equipped with an oil separator for separating lubrication oil from blow-by gas.
		The four-stroke cycle internal combustion engine 6 of the portable trimmer 2 according to the present embodiment is sometimes used in a tilted or upside-down position when an operator uses the cutting blade 8a to cut weeds located at a height more than the operator's waist or branches above the operator's head.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6202613.html (5604 words)

	Two-stroke-cycle engine with variable valve timing - Patent 5189996
		Thus, the time or rotational position in the cycle at which the exhaust valve should be closed to trap an optimum quantity of air for a given engine power level is first determined and then the quantity of fuel to be ingested is selected accordingly to maintain a desired combustible fuel to air ratio.
		The time in the cycle at which an exhaust valve is closed under varying load and engine speed conditions and therefore also the quantity of fuel introduced into the engine combustion chamber are both varied so as to maintain a desired ratio of fuel to air in the combustion chamber at the time of ignition.
		The exhaust valve is closed at a point in the cycle to entrap a quantity of air appropriate to operation at a desired engine speed and an amount of fuel appropriate to that desired engine speed is subsequently introduced into the entrapped quantity of air.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5189996.html (3603 words)

	Bambooweb: Two-stroke cycle
		Two stroke engines mix lubricant with their fuel (either manually at refueling or by injecting oil into the fuel stream); this mixture lubricates the cylinder.
		The simpler stroke in the fully valved diesel two-stroke cycle is the compression stroke; both valves are closed, and the rising piston compresses the air, heating it.
		At the top of the stroke, diesel fuel is injected into the cylinder, where it ignites and burns.
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/t/w/Two-stroke_cycle.html (1535 words)

	The marine diesel prime mover. - The two stroke plant
		The two stroke and four stroke titles refers to the mechanical action of the machinery, in particular the piston within the cylinder, to achieve the theoretical Carnot heat cycle, as define by the laws of thermodynamics.
		The most prominent builders of large, slow speed, two stroke engine are Sulzer of Switzerland, producer of the first big two stroke design, and Burmeister and Wain (BandW) of Denmark, the pioneers of the engine’s application to ship design.
		Two stroke engine have a wide variety of power output from the 353 Detroit Diesel with an output of less than 75 kW to a Sulzer RT-flex96C producing a 80,080 kW or about 109,000 bhp from fourteen cylinders turning at 102 rpm, not to be outdone MAN BandW has come out with the K108ME-C.
	www.dieselduck.ca /machinery_page/diesel_engine/diesel_engine.01.htm (1471 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Four stroke cycle
		The four-stroke cycle of an internal combustion engine is the cycle most commonly used for automotive and industrial purposes today (cars and trucks, generators, etc).
		The resulting expansion of burning gases then forces the piston downward for the third stroke, and the fourth and final (upward) stroke evacuates the spent exhaust gases from the cylinder through the then-open exhaust valve.
		The four-stroke cycle is more efficient than the two-stroke cycle, but requires considerably more moving parts and manufacturing expertise.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/fo/Four_stroke_cycle (194 words)

	Untitled Document
		However, the two-stroke cycle can be difficult for some to visualize at first because certain phases of the cycle occur simultaneously, causing it to be hard to tell when one part of the cycle ends and another begins.
		During the down stroke, the falling piston creates a positive pressure in the crankcase which causes the reed valve to close.
		Since this device uses sonic energy to achieve supercharging, it is regulated by the speed of sound in the hot exhaust gas, the dimensions of the different sections of the exhaust system, and the port duration's of the engine.
	www.sandwizards.com /twostroke.htm (1226 words)

	cars - Four-stroke cycle
		The four-stroke cycle is more fuel-efficient and clean burning than the two-stroke cycle, but requires considerably more moving parts and manufacturing expertise and the resulting engine is larger and heavier than a two-stroke engine of comparable power output.
		On the first downward stroke (intake) of the piston, a mixture of fuel and air is drawn into the cylinder through the intake valve or valves.
		The air-fuel mixture is then ignited, usually by a spark plug for a gasoline or Otto cycle engine, or by the heat and pressure of compression for a Diesel cycle of compression ignition engine, at approximately the top of the compression stroke.
	www.carluvers.com /cars/Four_stroke_cycle (794 words)

	A History of Aeronautics - Chapter VI. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The continuation of the outward stroke of the piston, after the exhaust ports have been closed, compresses the charge into the combustion chamber of the cylinder, and the ignition of the mixture produces a recurrence of the working stroke.
		Theoretically the two-stroke and the four-stroke cycle engines possess exactly the same thermal efficiency, but actually this is modified by a series of practical conditions which to some extent tend to neutralise the very strong case in favour of the two-stroke cycle engine.
		When the piston approaches the bottom end of its stroke the upper edge first overruns an exhaust port, and almost immediately after uncovers an inlet port on the opposite side of the cylinder and in communication with the crank chamber; the entering charge, being under pressure, assists in expelling the exhaust gases from the cylinder.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/tech/engineering/AHistoryofAeronautics/chap39.html (1629 words)

	Small Gas Engines
		In the case of the four stroke cycle engine, the oil is in a bath located in the lower part of the engine.
		These factors make the two stroke cycle engine good for things like weed trimmers, chainsaws and lawnmowers where the operator could be tired out by a heavier machine or where the engine may be turned at steep angles or even operated in an up-side-down position.
		The stroke is the movement of the piston in the cylinder from one end of its travel to the other.
	gaiser.vansd.org /tpaterek/yellqust/sge.htm (5140 words)

	Two-stroke cycle - WOI Encyclopedia Italia
		The two-stroke cycle of an internal combustion engine differs from the more common four-stroke cycle by completing the same four operations (intake, compression, power, exhaust) in only two strokes (linear movements of the piston) rather than four.
		The design types of the two-stroke cycle engine vary according to the method of intake of fresh air/fuel mixture from the outside, the method of scavenging the cylinder (exchanging burnt exhaust for fresh mixture) and the method of exhausting the cylinder.
		The simpler stroke in the fully valved diesel two-stroke cycle is the compression stroke; both valves are closed, and the rising piston compresses the air, heating it.
	www.wheelsofitaly.com /wiki/index.php?title=Two-stroke_cycle&printable=yes (2741 words)

	Animated Engines Two Stroke Cycle
		The two stroke engine employs the crankcase as well as the cylinder to achieve all the elements of the Otto cycle in only two strokes of the piston.
		During the downward stroke the poppet valve is forced closed by the increased crankcase pressure.
		Unfortunately most two stroke engines are inefficient and are terrible polluters due to the amount of unspent fuel that escapes through the exhaust port.
	www.keveney.com /twostroke.html (283 words)

	marinediesels.co.uk The Two Stroke Diesel Engine History and Introduction
		The two stroke cycle is so called because it takes two strokes of the piston to complete the processes needed to convert the energy in the fuel into work.
		It is during this stroke that work energy is being put into the engine; during the upward stroke of the piston, the engine is having to do the work.
		In the 2 stroke trunk piston engine, the side thrust caused by the angularity of the connecting rod is transmitted to the liner by the piston skirt or trunk.
	www.marinediesels.info /Basics/the_2_stroke_engine_explanation.htm (715 words)

	SwRI Gasoline Two-Stroke Cycle Lubricants
		Exhaust emission reduction could contribute to the two-stroke cycle engine's viability in the near future.
		The two-stroke cycle engine provides better power-to-weight ratio, higher specific power output, and less frictional loss than the four-stroke engine.
		In addition, SwRI engineering and technical staff members are available to develop and operate special two-stroke cycle laboratory tests or to design and coordinate custom field tests to meet unique requirements.
	www.swri.org /4org/d08/flures/twostroke/home.htm (240 words)

	Motorcycle Online: Honda EXP-2 Tech (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		There are two main factors which cause poor emissions: Incomplete combustion of fuel at low engine RPM, and expulsion of unburnt fuel out with the exhaust at high engine RPM, with both problems compounded by the fact that oil is injected into the motor to lubricate the crankshaft, and is then burnt off in combustion.
		The EXP-2 was designed to solve the first of these problems which occurs because, during the two-stroke cycle, fuel enters the cylinder through the intake port in the side of the cylinder, and pushes spent gases out of the exhaust port in the opposite cylinder wall at the same time.
		The increases in pressure mark the points where the mixture burns; between these pressure peaks is the area where all of the fuel and oil are going out the pipe without burning, which is a major source of emissions and exhaust system contamination.
	www.motorcycle.com /mo/mchonda/exp2_tech.html (1453 words)

	FUEL INJECTION
		The mysterious drawback with the modern two-stroke cycle engine, however, is its inferior fuel consumption and higher unburned hydrocarbon exhaust emissions when compared with the four-stroke cycle power unit.
		This arises quite simply to the fact that in a carburetted two-stroke cycle engine be it ‘loop’ or ‘cross scavenging’; the scavenging process is carried out by the mixture of fuel and air.
		The combined effect is that little or none, of the fuel reaches the crank-case and when the scavenge process commences with the opening of the transfer ports, a stratified charging process begins with air only in the proximity of the exhaust port and the rich mixture retained as remotely as possible from the exhaust port.
	microcarproject.tripod.com /html/fuel_injection.htm (827 words)

	Otto Cycle \| World of Invention
		In the intake stroke, the gas-air mixture is drawn into the chamber, through the intake valve, as the piston moves down the chamber.
		In the explosion stroke, the compressed gas-air mixture is ignited via an electric spark, and the mixture explodes.
		The Otto cycle was a starting point for later developments in the internal combustion engine, such as the Stirling engine, where the mixture is burned not in the piston chamber but in a separate combustion chamber.
	www.bookrags.com /research/otto-cycle-woi (574 words)

	UK Karting - Tech Talk: Two-Stroke Engine Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A crankcase, in two halves, either horizontal or vertically split, of light alloy construction with transfer ports, matching those in the barrel, cast throughout, bearing journals for the crankshaft and machined faces at the joint area of the two halves and at the base of the cylinder for accurate effective sealing.
		This is an oversimplification of the two stroke cycle due to the fact that during each rotation of the engine many things are happening within the engine in terms of gas flow.
		The frequency of the gases introduced and expelled during each cycle is a major factor in two stroke design.
	www.karting.co.uk /KandK/Tech/2StrokeTheory.html (1413 words)

	Fundamentals of Auto and Light Truck Mechanics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The two- and four-stroke-cycle engines differ because the two-stroke cycle uses ports in the cylinder wall in lieu of valves.
		When the piston reaches the top of its stroke, it has compressed the fuel-air mixture in the cylinder and filled the crankcase with a fresh mixture.
		The cycle is repeated again and again as the engine continues to run under its own power.
	www.free-ed.net /sweethaven/MechTech/Automotive/Automotive02/lessonMain.asp?iNum=01010106 (593 words)

	Four-stroke - Wikicars
		The four-stroke cycle is more fuel efficient and clean burning than the two-stroke cycle, but requires considerably more moving parts and manufacturing expertise.
		On the first downward stroke intake of the piston, a mixture of fuel and air is drawn into the cylinder through the intake (inlet) port.
		Rod/stroke ratio is the ratio of the length of the connecting rod to the length of the crankshaft's stroke.
	wikicars.org /en/Four-stroke (2186 words)

	[No title]
		First of all, it has no sump for oil to sit in -- the oil is mixed with the fuel and it lubricates the inside of the engine before it is burned up in the combustion chamber.
		The four-stroke cycle of an internal combustion engine is the cycle most commonly used for automotive and industrial purposes today (cars and trucks, generators, etc).
		The cycle is characterized by four strokes, or straight movements in a single direction, of a piston inside a cylinder:...
	www.lycos.com /info/two-stroke-cycle.html (383 words)

	[No title]
		The mixture is compressed with a subsequent upward stroke of the piston, followed by the combustion process that drives the piston back downward and creates mechanical power through the crankshaft.
		The first stroke down (intake stroke) pulls fuel and air into the combustion chamber.
		The third stroke down (power stroke) comes about through the rapid burning of the compressed fuel mixture.
	lycos.com /info/four-stroke-cycle.html (571 words)

	Classification based on cycles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Cycle means the steps that must be repeated for each combustion of the fuel-air mixture in the cylinders.
		Stroke means the up-and-down or back-and-forth movements of the pistons.
		Although two-stroke cycle engines are less fuel-efficient than four-stroke cycle engines, they are simpler and cheaper to build.
	library.thinkquest.org /C007574/data/petrol11.htm (153 words)

	Suzuki GT750 - Two Stroke Cycle
		On the down stroke until the piston skirt closes the inlet some mixture is pushed back through the inlet port.
		Towards the bottom of the stroke the transfer port is uncovered and the mixture pressure is equalized by entering the cylinder which is open to atmospheric pressure as the exhaust port is also uncovered.
		For a small part of the cycle the mixture is not compressed and some is lost through the partially open exhaust port.
	www.thekettleclub.org.uk /2strokecycle/2stroke.htm (846 words)

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