Two-square cipher - Factbites

Two-square cipher - Factbites
Where results make sense
About us | Why use us? | Reviews | PR | Contact us

Topic: Two-square cipher

Note: these results are not from the primary (high quality) database.

In the News (Thu 31 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Two-square cipher - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A good tutorial on reconstructing the key for a two-square cipher can be found in chapter 7, "Solution to Polygraphic Substitution Systems," of Field Manual 34-40-2, produced by the United States Army.
		It was developed to ease the cumbersome nature of the large encryption/decryption matrix used in the four-square cipher while still being slightly stronger than the Playfair cipher.
		When only the ciphertext is known, brute force cryptanalysis of the cipher involves searching through the key space for matches between the frequency of occurrence of digrams (pairs of letters) and the known frequency of occurrence of digrams in the assumed language of the original message.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Two-square_cipher

	Chapter 8 -- The Cipher Exchange
		Cipher substitutes are found at the other corners of that rectangle, first in square 2, the second in square 4.
		Squares 1 and 3 are plain unkeyed (I/J in same cell); squares 2 and 4 are keyed.
		The cipher equivalents are those letters forming the opposite corners of a rectangle determined by the pt pair.
	www.und.nodak.edu /org/crypto/crypto/.chap08.html

	The Cracking Principle
		The 'e' column of the square is highlighted to show how encipherment depends on which keyword letter is defining the encryption.
		Each letter of the keyword defines a different cipher alphabet in the Vigenère Square.
		Babbage's vital breakthrough was to realise that repetitions in the ciphertext indicated repetitions in the plaintext and that the space between such repetitions hinted at the length of the keyword.
	www.simonsingh.net /The_Black_Chamber/cracking_principle.html

	Advanced Encryption Standard - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The cipher was developed by two Belgian cryptographers, Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen, and submitted to the AES selection process under the name "Rijndael", a portmanteau comprising the names of the inventors.
		The most common way to attack block ciphers is to try various attacks on versions of the cipher with a reduced number of rounds.
		In cryptography, the Advanced Encryption Standard( AES), also known as Rijndael, is a block cipher adopted as an encryption standard by the US government, and is expected to be used worldwide and analysed extensively, as was the case with its predecessor, the Data Encryption Standard (DES).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard

	Hermetic Symbolism in a Masonic Engraving
		The final square at the top of the oval space is an elaborate symbolic statement of the operative use of this whole complex of symbolism of the Cubic stone.
		The square tower in the left foreground set upon a rough built plinth and crowned with fire is partnered by the obelisk on the right with a bull's head.
		The square or face to the left is openly hermetic in conception centred on the Caduceus or Mercury symbol.
	www.levity.com /alchemy/bamberg.html

	Vigenère Square
		The 26 cipher alphabets are contained in the Vigenère Square, shown below, which has a plaintext alphabet followed by 26 cipher alphabets, each one shifted by one more letter with respect to the previous one.
		In order to unscramble the message, it is important that the intended receiver knows which row of the Vigenère Square has been used to encipher each letter, and so there must be an agreed system of switching between rows.
		Hence, row number 1 represents a cipher alphabet with a Caesar shift of 1, row number 2 represents a cipher alphabet with a Caesar shift of 2, and so on.
	www.simonsingh.net /The_Black_Chamber/v_square.html

	Beginners' Guide to Cryptography: Playfair
		This system of generating the square degenerated into simply entering the keyword directly into the 5 by 5 square (this is the method we shall use for demonstration purposes, however you should be aware that ANY method of placing letters into the grid may be used).
		The cipher had many advantages, no cumbersome tables or apparatus was required, it had a keyword which could be easily changed and remembered and it was very simple to operate.
		The cipher was mentioned at Granville's party with a view to its use in the Crimea.
	www.murky.org /cryptography/archives/2004/09/playfair_1.html

	Codepad.net - Vigenère Square
		The second letter, n, of the plaintext would be enciphered with, H, the second letter of the key word, to give,U, the second letter of the ciphertext.
		The typical cipher wheel (shown above) is the type of thing used by children sending messages to a friend.
		The key word only says which Caesar Shift cipher to use for each letter, so the first thing to do is to find the length of the key word.
	codepad.clanhosts.com /index.php?art=vs

	Practical Latin Square Combiners
		Latin Square Combining Stream cipher data and confusion can be combined in a Latin square: one value selects a row, the other selects a column, and the result is the selected element.
		The obvious way to shuffle squares is to simulate the structure of the square, and then move whole rows and columns according to the usual shuffle process.
		INTRODUCTION Latin Squares A "Latin square" of "order n" is an n x n array of n distinct symbols, in which each symbol occurs exactly once in each row and and column.
	www.ciphersbyritter.com /ARTS/PRACTLAT.HTM

	The Spin Storm - /About
		The letters of this codeword indicate which row of the square should be used to encipher each individual letter.
		A Ceaser Shift cipher is where the cipher alphabet is generated by shifting the alphabet along a certain number of places.
		The foundations for the vigenere square were laid by several different people but the system was developed into its final form by Blaise de Vigenere, a french diplomat born in 1523.
	mirr0red.cdkbreeze.com /nfo/Vigenere-Square.php

	The Vigenère Cipher
		Then, the multiple cipher alphabets (rows in the Vigenère square) to be used in the encipherment must be chosen.
		For example, the keyword 'MIUP' selects the cipher alphabets 13, 9, 21 and 16 (see underlined rows in the Vigenère square).
		The most significant breakthrough was the use of multiple cipher alphabets, which turned the cipher impregnable to frequency analysis (a technique for deducing the plaintext from a ciphertext).
	miup2002.fc.ul.pt /problemas/E/E.html

	Standard Cryptographic Algorithm Naming
		Ciphers that have different key schedules, but are otherwise identical are given different names (for example, SAFER-K and SAFER-SK).
		The name of such a cipher is derived by adding "-Direct" to the standard name (except that if part of the name already specifies the key schedule, that part is dropped).
		If any such array is subsequently changed, the output of the cipher is undefined, unless the parameter is set again immediately (it is therefore the responsibility of the caller to make sure that a reference to this array is not accessible to untrusted code).
	www.users.zetnet.co.uk /hopwood/crypto/scan/cs.html

	Ritter's Crypto Glossary and Dictionary of Technical Cryptography
		In a discussion of block cipher concepts, cryptography implicitly uses definition (2), because it is the accumulation of multiple characters (and the resulting larger ciphering alphabet) which is characteristic of conventional block ciphers.
		Typically, a form of stream cipher where the ciphertext output is fed back to modify the state of the random number generator producing the running key or confusion sequence.
		When used with a conventional block cipher, an AONT appears to increase the cost of a brute-force attack by a factor which is the number of blocks in the message.
	www.isaicai.org /Harmony/2003-03/www.ciphersbyritter.com/GLOSSARY.HTM

	Square - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		the pike square and infantry square, two military tactical formations.
		A square as a geometric shape is described and illustrated at square (geometry).
		a square is a difficult astrological aspect of approx.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Square

	The Square Page
		Square is a 128-bit block cipher, designed by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen.
		The original design of Square concentrated on the resistance against differential and linear cryptanalysis.
		A sample C program to generate the validation data for the fast C implementation that is provided from this page.
	www.esat.kuleuven.ac.be /~rijmen/square

	Four-square cipher - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The four-square cipher uses four 5 by 5 matrices arranged in a square.
		To generate the ciphertext squares, one would first fill in the spaces in the matrix with the letters of a keyword or phrase (dropping any duplicate letters), then fill the remaining spaces with the rest of the letters of the alphabet in order (again omitting "Q" to reduce the alphabet to fit).
		The upper-right and lower-left squares are the "ciphertext squares" and contain a mixed alphabetic sequence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Four-square_cipher (994 words)

	Two-square cipher - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A rectangle is defined by the two plaintext characters and the opposite corners define the ciphertext digraph.
		It was developed to ease the cumbersome nature of the large encryption/decryption matrix used in the four-square cipher while still being slightly stronger than the Playfair cipher.
		When only the ciphertext is known, brute force cryptanalysis of the cipher involves searching through the key space for matches between the frequency of occurrence of digrams (pairs of letters) and the known frequency of occurrence of digrams in the assumed language of the original message.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Two-square_cipher (994 words)

	sixteen.doc
		The cipher is the first literal one in cryptologic history to be digraphic — that is, to encipher two letters so that the result depends on both together.
		Wheatstone recognized that the cipher would work as well with a rectangle as with a square, but it soon petrified into the latter form.
		The first letter of the digraph is located in the square on the left and the second letter of the digraph is located in the square on the right.
	www.nku.edu /~christensen/sixteen.doc (994 words)

	NOVA Online Decoding Nazi Secrets Double Playfair Cipher Solution
		The mechanics of the Double Playfair are involved enough that it is expected that solving this cipher would be most readily achieved by a computer program that recovers the first square by shifting letters around while testing for common letter sequences and words in the resulting text.
		At Bletchley Park, this process was performed by hand and was called "anagramming," since it moved around the 25 letters of each key square, and it was guided by digraphs that had been identified and by those that were found to be reversible.
		While there would have been no way to directly identify members of the strike group using this cipher, at least analysts would have had a contact they could have watched.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/decoding/doubplayfair3.html (994 words)

	[No title]
		The last two letters are thus fitted into the key square and the message is decoded to read.
		If we now return to the cipher text we can have a go at placing the 'END' text and also guessing that the 'NG' text is probably 'ING', The 'TO' earlier in the cipher also looks like a good place to put a STOP so we add that as well.
		The Playfair Cipher is a difficult cipher to break, here is a worked example to illustrate how De-Crypt can help in the crypto-analysis phase.
	members.lycos.co.uk /decrypt/PlayfairAttack.html (994 words)

	NOVA Online Decoding Nazi Secrets The Double Playfair Cipher
		In this case two keywords are chosen, and each square is filled in the same way as the Playfair.
		Remember to take the first letter of the ciphertext from the second key square, and the second letter of ciphertext from the first key square.
		Like the Playfair, the Double Playfair cipher uses 5x5 squares.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/decoding/doubplayfair.html (994 words)

	Square
		Squaring the square A square with sides equal to a unit length multiplied by an integer is called an integral square.
		Mandarin square A mandarin square is a large embroidered badge sewn onto the surcoat of an official during the China.
		Square of opposition The Square of Opposition is a term from the study of Term Logic in which the logical relationship b...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/square.html (994 words)

	Polybius I
		The alphabet is written inside a 5 x 5 square matrix which has numbered rows and columns.
		To encode a message using the Polybius Cipher, always put the column number first and then the row number.
		Polybius was an ancient Greek writer who first proposed a method of substituting different two-digit numbers for each letter.
	educ.queensu.ca /~fmc/may2004/poly1.html (994 words)

	Secret Code Breaker: Reviews
		Separate chapters describe the Skytale cipher, Polybius Square cipher, Caesar cipher, Vigenere, Transposition, Monoalphabetic Keyword and M-94 ciphers.
		For each type of cipher there are encrypted messages to solve by using the computer programs on the diskette.
		Among the 50 ciphers to solve are 16 genuine secret messages encrypted by Enigma, Larrabee, Vigenère and other cryptosystems.
	codebrkr.infopages.net /reviews.htm (994 words)

	square.c
		= subset_size && ci_last >= subset_size) { /* None of the cipher text characters are in the unsafe subset.
		The name of the file from which to read the cipher text.\n"); fprintf(stderr, " The default is stdin.\n"); fprintf(stderr, " -sf
		/ build_log_probs(b_file); / Allocate the cipher text array and store the cipher / / text read from c_file in it.
	codebook.org /programs/stage6/square.c (994 words)

	Square
		There are other concepts derived from it: * the geometric [[unit square]]; * the '''square''' [[units of measurement]], such as the [[square mile]], [[square meter]], [[square kilometresquare kilometer]], [[square inch]], and [[square megameter]]; * the [[square wave]]form.
		[[Image:Square (shape).pngright]] A '''square''' as a [[geometrygeometric]] [[shape]] is described and illustrated at [[square (geometry)]].
		Share your knowledge with the rest of the world.
	www.baapoo.com /baapoo.com,index,edit,Square.html (994 words)

	Affine cipher - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The cipher's primary weakness comes from the fact that if the cryptanalyst can discover (by means of frequency analysis, brute force, guessing or otherwise) the plaintext of two ciphertext characters then the key can be obtained by solving a simultaneous equation.
		This cipher is less secure than a substitution cipher as it is vulnerable to all of the attacks that work against substitution ciphers as well as other attacks.
		The Affine cipher is a special case of the more general substitution cipher.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Affine_cipher (181 words)

	Hermetic Symbolism in a Masonic Engraving
		Two of these are shaded to appear as three dimensional blocks rather than flat planes-the one on the left being the Brute Stone, whilst that on the right is labelled the Cubical Stone.
		The final square at the top of the oval space is an elaborate symbolic statement of the operative use of this whole complex of symbolism of the Cubic stone.
		The square tower in the left foreground set upon a rough built plinth and crowned with fire is partnered by the obelisk on the right with a bull's head.
	www.levity.com /alchemy/bamberg.html (181 words)

	Volume V Appendix E
		Hayes lived for two winters in her husband's camp in Virginia; and with verse inscribed to "Our Mother." The drawing-room opening to the right of the hall is thirty-six feet long and connected by an open archway with a library of the same length, whose shelves originally held the fine historical library of President Hayes.
		Two iron Chinese cannon of small calibre, used in the Manchu conquest of China; part of the guns surrendered by the Boxers after their attacks on the foreign legations in Peking.
		He gave two public parks to the city of Fremont, endowed a public library for the use of the county, and gave generously to the Frst Presbyterian and other churches of the city.
	www.ohiohistory.org /onlinedoc/hayes/appendixe.html (181 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)

Topic: Two-square cipher

Ads by Google

Related Topics

In the News (Thu 31 Dec 09)