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Topic: Tylopoda

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	Tylopoda - LoveToKnow 1911
		Finally, the Tylopoda differ not only from other ungulates, but from all other mammals, in the fact that the red corpuscles of the blood, instead of being circular in outline, are oval as in the inferior vertebrate classes.
		The earliest representatives of the Tylopoda according to Professor Scott is the Middle Eocene genus Homacodon, typifying the family Homacodontidae, which is regarded as the common ancestor of both Camelidae and Oreodontidae, with resemblances to the European Oligocene genus Dichobune (see Artiodactyla).
		Homacodon was an animal of the size of a rabbit, with five toes (of which only five were functional to each foot) and 44 teeth, of which the molars are tuberculated (bunodont), with six columns on those of the upper jaw; the premolars being of a cutting type.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Tylopoda (2527 words)

	Artiodactyla
		The astragalus of the perissodactyl restricts hind limb movement so the animal must rise front-end first, slowing acceleration relative to the artiodactyl, and causing vulnerability should a predator encounter the perissodactyl lying down.
		There are 3 recognized suborders: the Suiformes, Tylopoda and Ruminantia.
		The Tylopoda, which include both Old and New World camels, have 1 pair of upper incisors and only 2 enlarged nails on each limb in place of normal hooves.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&TCE_Version=A&ArticleId=A0010027&MenuClosed=0 (619 words)

	Camelid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The four llamas and two camels are camelids: members of the biological family Camelidae, the only family in the suborder Tylopoda.
		They do not have hooves, rather a two-toed foot with toenails and a soft footpad (Tylopoda is Latin for "padded foot").
		The main weight of the animal is borne by these tough, leathery sole-pads.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tylopoda (393 words)

	Even-toed ungulate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		By the Late Eocene (46 million years ago), the three modern suborders had already developed: Suina (the pig group); Tylopoda (the camel group); and Ruminantia (the goat and cattle group).
		Lastly a group of artiodactyls, which molecular biology suggests were most closely related to Hippopotamidae, returned to the sea to become whales.
		Tylopoda walk on pads on the toes (the name means "padfoot") and are therefore considered not to have true hooves; but they are halal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Artiodactyla (381 words)

	TYLOPODA (Gr. for boss... - Online Information article about TYLOPODA (Gr. for boss...
		Tylopoda differ not only from other ungulates, but from all other mammals, In the fact that the red corpuscles of the See also:
		Scott in the Tylopoda and generally known as the Oreodontidae.
		The earliest representatives of the Tylopoda according to Professor Scott is the Middle Eocene genus Homacodon, typifying the family Homacodontidae, which is regarded as the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /TUM_VAN/TYLOPODA_Gr_for_boss_footed_in_.html (3210 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Tylopoda
		These are specialized remnants of a much larger group of ruminant-like artiodactyls, also included in the infraorder, that are known to have lived between the Eocene and early...
		Camelidae (camels; order Artiodactyla, infra-order Tylopoda) A family that includes the dromedary (Camelus dromedarius), Bactrian camel (C. boctrianus), llama (Lama glama), guanaco (L. guanicoe), and vicuña (L. vicugna).
		Xiphodontidae Primitive Eocene and Oligocene artiodactyls, restricted to Europe, that represent a European parallel to the camels which were evolving in the New World at the same time.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Tylopoda (208 words)

	Prion Molecular Phylogeny
		Cetaceae (whales and dolphins, but not seals) do not exhibit a trocheated astragalus even vestigially or during development, nor do any of their fossil antecedents.
		Yet molecular phylogenists, using new repeat elements called SINEs, have demonstrated beyond any reasonable doubt, that the Tylopoda (camel, lama) and Suidae (pigs, peccaries) diverged from the artiodactyl lineage prior to the divergence of the Ancodonta (hippo, sometimes wrongly put in with pigs) and Cetaceae (whales).
		Whales are thus artiodactyls but not quite ruminants (which begin with Tragulidae (chevrotains).
	www.mad-cow.org /moly_phylo.html (1760 words)

	Artiodactyla
		The astragalus of the perissodactyl restricts hind limb movement so the animal must rise front-end first, slowing acceleration relative to the artiodactyl, and causing vulnerability should a predator encounter the perissodactyl lying down.
		There are 3 recognized suborders: the Suiformes, Tylopoda and Ruminantia.
		The Tylopoda, which include both Old and New World camels, have 1 pair of upper incisors and only 2 enlarged nails on each limb in place of normal hooves.
	thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0010027 (619 words)

	Phylo.gen - Molecular Evolutionary Systematics at the Lund University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The study is based on the concatenated nucleotide and amino acid sequences (10,554 and 3,518 characters respectively) of all the mitochondrial protein coding genes except NADH6.
		This calibration point suggests that the primary split between Ruminantia, Tylopoda and Suina occured at =65 MYBP, the divergence between Ruminantia and Hippopotamidae/Cetacea at 60 MYBP and the divergence between Hippopotamidae and Cetacea at =55 MYBP.
		Artiodactyla (partåiga hovdjur) är uppdelad i tre underordningar, Suiformes (grisar och flodhästar), Tylopoda (kameler och lamor) och Ruminantia (kor, hjortar, antiloper och giraffer).
	phylo.gen.lu.se /Research_Thesis_B_Ursing.html (485 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Artiodactyls are divided into pigs and Hippos (Suina), Camel-like mammals (Tylopoda) and ruminats, which include cows and deer, as well as the giraffe.
		Suina have been around since the early Eocene (55 million years ago), but were most diverse in the Miocene 15 to 6 million years ago.
		The group Tylopoda include the commonly found oredonts, from the Western United States, as well as the diverse group of camels and lamas, that were very diverse in North America during the Miocene and Pliocene.
	paleo.amnh.org /bjburger/fossilmammal/u2.html (158 words)

	ARTISAN - LoveToKnow Article on ARTISAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The second group is represented at the present day by the mels (Camelus) of the Old, and the llamas (Lama) of the New orld, collectively constituting the family Camelidae.
		fey derive their name of Tylopoda (boss-footed ~ Tylopoda.
		sd ie Dichobunidae may be regarded as occupying a position de alogous to that of the Homacodontidac in the Tylopoda, and like In e latter, are probably the direct descendants of Condylarthra.
	www.87.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AR/ARTISAN.htm (1968 words)

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