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Topic: Tympanum

	THE TRACHEA OF THE HOODED MERGANSER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The tympanum is a simple, symmetrical, hollow structure, roughly trapezoidal in shape, about 6 of an inch (5 mm.) in length, and formed by fusion of the tracheal rings.
		The tympanum of the male Smew possesses, according to Latham (1798: 124), one round fenestra covered by a drum-like membrane and, on the op- posite side, a smooth, oval, hollow bone which is united with the membrane.
		The tympanum, which is present in the male in all four species discussed, varies in configuration and dimensions.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Wilson/v063n04/p0296-p0301.html (2956 words)

	Lepers and Kings \| The Tympanum : Vision in Stone
		This leaves open the possibility that the tympanum (or a tympanum) originally occupied the space over the west entrance and was moved to the south as a part of a major building campaign.
		In any case, the tympanum is now placed not on a minor accent of the plan of the church (the south as opposed to the west door) but in a more central position facing the plan of the city.
		The appropriate view of the tympanum, however, does not begin at close range but, at the suggestion of the architecture itself, at the corner of the rue République and the rue sainte Catherine, the end of the ancient rue St. Pierre, the appropriately named approach to the abbey.
	www.ariadne.org /studio/moissac/essays/tympanum2.html (1645 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for tympanum
		His most notable works are the tympanum sculpture of the western doorway of the Romanesque cathedral at Autun, depicting the Last Judgment, a masterpiece of expressionistic carving; a large-scale reclining nude Eve for the northern doorway; and...
		It consists of the tympanum, or triangular wall surface, enclosed below by the horizontal cornice and above by the raking cornice, which follows the slope of the roof.
		A new method of studying the anatomy of the posterior tympanum.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=tympanum (643 words)

	Amazon.com: tympanum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The skeletal structures of the tympanum of Arctiidae (Lepidoptera) by Chin-jeÌn Luh (Unknown Binding - 1936)
		The tympanum of the rood-screen, as surviving at Winsham church, Somerset by Frederick Bligh Bond (Unknown Binding - 1903)
		On the communications between the cavity of the tympanum and the palate in the Crocodilia (Gavials, Alligators and Crocodiles) by Richard Owen (Unknown Binding - 1850)
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=tympanum&index=blended&page=1 (634 words)

	A new method of studying the anatomy of the posterior tympanum. - Ear, Nose and Throat Journal - HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		However, the posterior ear canal bone compromises the line of vision into the posterior tympanum during such a procedure, and anatomic components of the posterior tympanum (e.g., the sinus tympani) cannot be easily visualized (figure 2, A).
		Although this did permit better visualization into the posterior tympanum, it defeated one of the objectives of this investigation because it required the destruction of the tissue to be studied.
		The direct access to the posterior tympanum described here enabled the author to make video and photographic records of the structures as they are in the normal anatomic state, including those in the deepest recesses of the posterior tympanum.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:116450272&num=14&ctrlInfo=Round9d%3AProd%3ASR%3AResult&ao= (2501 words)

	Anapsida: More on Morphology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Their tympanum is not homologous with the tympanum of mammals and saurians (extant diapsids) because it developed independently in all three groups.
		The tympanum of turtles is supported by a deep quadrate emargination, and the stapes of turtles is slender because it must vibrate quickly to transmit the sounds from the tympanum to the middle ear.
		The presence of a quadrate emargination and a slender stapes in procolophonoids indicates that the tympanum appeared fairly early in the evolution of anapsids (by the Upper Permian).
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /anapsids/anapsidamm.html (408 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Gable
		A roof tiled in imitation of thatch at Croyde, north Devon, England Rooftops in Vietnam Snow on the roof A roof is the top covering of a building that sheds rain or snow, keeping the building interior dry.
		In Classic Greek and Roman architecture, the analogous feature is called the tympanum.
		Tympanum may mean: The eardrum; or A sculpted panel that stands within the recessed area formed by a larger arch above the doors to a church or similar building, especially in Romanesque and Gothic architecture; or A single drum in the orchestral percussion section usually called timpani.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Gable (768 words)

	Rolling Ball Technology - The Scoop Wheel or Tympanum
		It may be used to raise water or rolling balls to the height of its own axis, half of its overall height.
		Several variations on the tympanum and scoop wheel are discussed in Thomas Ewbank's Hydraulics.
		The tympanum is obviously a modification of the jantu of India, or rather it is a number of them combined, and having a revolving instead of a vibratory movement.
	www.marcdatabase.com /~lemur/rbt-scoopwheel.html (1874 words)

	Diapsida
		Huxley's foramen is absent in lissamphibians, mammals, and turtles.
		The earliest diapsids (and indeed, all known stem diapsids) lacked a tympanum and could not hear high-frequency air-borne sounds, as shown by the lack of a quadrate emargination (the structure that supports the tympanum in most extant diapsids) and the robust shape of their stapes.
		Early phylogenies of diapsids suggested that the tympanum and the ability to hear high-frequency air-borne sounds had appeared separately in lepidosauromorphs and in archosauromorphs because younginiforms, formerly believed to be the oldest known lepidosauromorphs, apparently lacked a tympanum (Benton, 1985; Evans, 1988).
	www.tolweb.org /tree?group=Diapsida&contgroup=Amniota (2642 words)

	A new method of studying the anatomy of the posterior tympanum Ear, Nose & Throat Journal - Find Articles
		Surgical extirpation of cholesteatoma and retracted epithelium in the posterior tympanum continues to challenge the otologic surgeon.
		However, the posterior ear canal bone compromises the line of vision into the posterior tympanum during such a procedure, and anatomic components of the posterior tympanum (e.g., the sinus tympani) cannot be easily visualized (figure 2, A).
		With this approach, the structures in the posterior tympanum were reflected in the mirror.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0BUM/is_4_83/ai_n6077738 (901 words)

	Hearing in Stegocephalians
		The middle ear consists of a tympanum (ear drum), ossicles that transmit the sounds from the tympanum to the inner ear, and associated structures (nerves, blood vessels, etc.).
		This suggested that the tympanum had appeared very early in the evolution of vertebrates (in the Devonian) and that the tympanum present in many groups of tetrapods was a primitive structure inherited from an early ancestor.
		There is a general consensus that the tympanum of extant tetrapods appeared independently in all the major groups: anurans, mammals, and reptiles (once or twice in this group, depending on the affinities of turtles).
	www.tolweb.org /articles/?article_id=470 (924 words)

	Shrine Exterior
		Carved on the northern tympanum is a representation of ‘The Call to Arms’. The central winged figure represents the ‘Mother Country’.
		She is surrounded by symbols of the confusion of war which depict the young, the old and the warriors.
		The carvings on the southern tympanum represent the homecoming, with the symbols of ongoing education, industry and agriculture.
	www.shrine.org.au /content.asp?document_id=1081 (384 words)

	Sydney eScholarship Repository : Temperature-dependent sex determination in the viviparous lizard Eulamprus tympanum
		The morphology and histological characteristics of the gonads of neonatal E. tympanum resulting from the treatment temperatures described in chapter 1 illustrate that sex in E. tympanum is easily distinguished at the time of birth and corresponds with the presence or absence of hemipenes.
		SECTION TWO The thermal biology of E. tympanum in the field is restricted by both the thermal properties of their habitat (Chapter 3) and behavioural modifications when faced with a predation threat (Chapter 4).
		Maternal sex allocation in E. tympanum is linked with population (or adult) sex ratio (Chapter 5), and one of the mechanisms by which females recognise an imbalance may be linked to visual recognition of males (Chapter 6).
	ses.library.usyd.edu.au /handle/2123/557 (1297 words)

	CONQUES : the tympanum of the last Judgement
		At the centre of the tympanum, there is Christ who welcomes the Chosen Ones by raising his right arm.
		In 1940, the Conques' tympanum casting for the Museum of French Monuments in Paris allowed to identify the Forger inside the small triangle above the Drunkard.
		The discovery was possible thanks to the former's equipment : an anvil, a bowl full of coins and overall the currency hallmark, a kind of tube, he holds tight in his hand.
	www.conques.com /visite24.htm (1364 words)

	Hearing in Stegocephalians
		The middle ear consists of a tympanum (ear drum), ossicles that transmit the sounds from the tympanum to the inner ear, and associated structures (nerves, blood vessels, etc.).
		This suggested that the tympanum had appeared very early in the evolution of vertebrates (in the Devonian) and that the tympanum present in many groups of tetrapods was a primitive structure inherited from an early ancestor.
		There is a general consensus that the tympanum of extant tetrapods appeared independently in all the major groups: anurans, mammals, and reptiles (once or twice in this group, depending on the affinities of turtles).
	tolweb.org /articles/?article_id=470 (924 words)

	ADW: Jaws and Ears
		Movement of the vibrating tympanum causes the manubrium and rest of the malleus to vibrate, which passes the vibrations (sound energy) to the incus, and from it to the stapes.
		These vibrations were picked up by an arm of the articular bone that touched the tympanum (the retroarticular process), then passed through the jaw joint to the quadrate of the upper jaw, and from there, to the stapes.
		There is little doubt, however, that such a change took place; not only is it clear from the fossil record, but the sequence of changes from an articular-quadrate joint to a dentary squamosal joint with the articular and quadrate participating in the middle ear can actually be seen in the developing young of opossums.
	animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu /site/topics/mammal_anatomy/jaws_and_ears.html (1316 words)

	Shrine of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The three portals are linked together by the frieze of the pilgrims and the central portal is decorated with a tympanum representing Saint Ann in prayer.
		The praying figure of Saint Ann in the tympanum is flanked by four angels while at her feet are supplicants who had come to ask for help from the extraordinary miracle-worker.
		The scene next to the central tympanum represents the proclamation by Pope Leon XIII of the decree elevating the church of Saint Ann to the status of a Basilica.
	collections.ic.gc.ca /relig/sabea/sabeaexe.htm (1008 words)

	Tympanum - Rijksmuseum Amsterdam - National Museum for Art and History
		This relief is the oldest sculpture in the Rijksmuseum.
		It is a curved tympanum originally from the abbey church in Egmond-Binnen.
		In the museum the tympanum is also placed in the wall.
	www.rijksmuseum.nl /aria/aria_assets/BK-NM-1914?lang=en (191 words)

	Distribution and Conservation Status of the Corangamite Water Skink (Eulamprus tympanum marnieae) on the Victorian ...
		The Corangamite Water Skink, Eulamprus tympanum marnieae is a recently described subspecies of the Southern Water Skink, Eulamprus tympanum tympanum.
		tympanum, on the other hand, was found at a total of 16 sites, 8 of which were associated with 3 previously undocumented populations on the Volcanic Plain.
		tympanum was associated with two regions of the Later Newer Basalts towards the western extreme of the Volcanic Plain.
	www.deh.gov.au /land/publications/water-skink/index.html (732 words)

	Otitis externa sometimes complicated, frustrating - DVM
		A small amount of cerumen should be present on the surface of the canals and leading down to the tympanum membrane.
		The tympanum membranes separate the external ear canal from the middle ear and leads ventrally into the bulla.
		The tympanum membrane should be a bit opaque, not completely cloudy and should be relatively smooth.
	www.dvmnewsmagazine.com /dvm/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=110706 (769 words)

	Lepers and Kings \| The Tympanum : Vision in Stone
		If the understanding of this tympanum rests upon a belief that Romanesque composition was designed as if on one plane only, then these figures can have no glance in three-dimensional space but only along the line of the plane.
		That the presence of this viewer derives from more than implication but may also have been taken into account in the original conception of the tympanum may be deduced from the presence of the two angelic figures that flank the central grouping.
		To determine the intended glance of the Romanesque figures of the tympanum, we should draw lines in the plane of the latter, prolonging the horizontal axis of the eyes.
	www.ariadne.org /studio/moissac/essays/tympanum3.html (3808 words)

	tympanum - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about tympanum
		They convert air waves that strike on the drum into mechanical movements that are essential for hearing.
		I observed a few the handles of which were mysteriously curved, as if intended to be introduced into the orifice of the ear, with a view perhaps of beating the tattoo upon the tympanum.
		If I hear the conductor calling 'all aboard' as I enter the depot, my heart first stops, then palpitates, and my legs respond to the air-waves falling on my tympanum by quickening their movements.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /tympanum (166 words)

	SurfWax: News, Reviews and Articles On Tympanum
		Over a bed of delicately-tapped tympanum and whirling violins, Madonna delivers some of her most mind-expanding yet cheesy lyrics ("Wrestle with your darkness/ Angels call your name").
		It has dark leopard-like spots on its back and a white spot in the center of the tympanum the external ear drum which is visible on the side of the head of most frogs.
		However, the official program from City Hall's opening in 1930 said: "On the left hand side of the tympanum, the native life is represented dying out before the approach of white man.".
	news.surfwax.com /anatomy/files/Tympanum_anatomy.html (321 words)

	Tympanum Depicting the Virgin of Humility with the Christ Child Surrounded by Angels, 1341 Giclee Print by Simone ...
		Tympanum Depicting the Virgin of Humility with the Christ Child Surrounded by Angels, 1341 Giclee Print by Simone Martini at AllPosters.com
		Tympanum Depicting the Virgin of Humility with the Christ Child Surrounded by Angels, 1341 by Simone Martini
		Tympanum Depicting the Virgin of Humility with the Christ Child Surrounded by Angels, 1341
	www.allposters.com /-sp/Tympanum-depicting-the-Virgin-of-Humility-with-the-Christ-Child-surrounded-by-angels-1341-fresco_i1344428_.htm?aid=398737 (132 words)

	Images of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France--page 1.
		The central tympanum illustrates the Apocalypse with a central Christ surrounded by four beasts (Revelations 4-5); the twenty-four Elders and angels are in the voussoirs.
		The tympanum to the left depicts Christ's Incarnation, the one to the right, his Ascension; thus the three tympana read together present a unified theme: Christ's entry into human history, his departure, and the end of time.
		The central portal and tympanum with Christ in Majesty in a mandorla surrounded by the four apocalyptic beasts
	www.bluffton.edu /~sullivanm/chartreswest/centralportal.html (449 words)

	Tympanum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Tympanum may mean: The eardrum; or; A sculpted panel that stands within the recessed area formed by a larger arch above...
		Tympanum: In anatomy, the drum of the ear, the eardrum, the tympanic membrane.
		In males the tympanum is clearly larger than the eye, while in females it is about the same size, as in this pair of Bullfrogs to the left.
	www.bigletterlist.net /w/t/Tympanum.htm (397 words)

	Image no. 585 \| Tympanum with Paradise Scene \| AskAsia.org
		Pure Lands are paradises, generally understood to be way stations on the road to enlightenment and ideal worlds in which the believer has the time and luxury to practice Buddhism and then attain enlightenment in a subsequent earthly lifetime.
		This tympanum depicts such a paradise scene, although it is difficult to determine which of several possible Buddhas and Buddhist Pure Lands is represented.
		The shape of this tympanum indicates that it was placed over a doorway to a Chinese pagoda, a Buddhist temple.
	www.askasia.org /teachers/images/image.php?no=585 (241 words)

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