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	Type 093 (09-III) Shang Class Nuclear-Powered Attack Submarine - SinoDefence.com
		The Type 093 (or 09-III, NATO codename: Shang class) nuclear-powered attack submarine was developed in the 1990s as a successor to the first-generation Type 091 (Han class).
		Despite the previous rumour that the Type 093 was based on the design of the Russian Victor III class nuclear attack submarine, it appears that the two submarines bear no resemblance in appearance.
		The Type 093 is thought to be approaching the early variants of the U.S. Navy 688 (Los Angeles) class SSN in terms of capability and noise level, but still inferior to the more advanced Seawolf and Virginia class.
	www.sinodefence.com /navy/sub/type093shang.asp (560 words)

	Type 093 submarine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Type 093 is a nuclear powered attack submarine class (it is also referred to by the NATO reporting name Shang-class) deployed by the Chinese navy, the PLAN.
		It is alleged to be comparable in performance to third-generation Victor class submarines.
		Construction of the Type 093 submarines is being conducted at the Bohai Shipyard in Huludao.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Type_093 (160 words)

	People's Daily Online - Models and photos of China's Shang-class submarine debut
		Models and some hazy photographs of the Shang-class (Type 093) nuclear submarine were on display in an exhibition at the Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution during the 80th anniversary of the founding of the PLA in late July.
		The Type 093 submarine began construction in the mid-1990s.
		China's Type 093 nuclear submarine is known as the Shang-class nuclear submarine in Western countries.
	english.people.com.cn /90001/90776/90786/6265418.html (174 words)

	Type 093 submarine at AllExperts
		The Type 093 is a nuclear powered attack submarine class (it is also referred to by the NATO reporting name Shang-class) deployed by the Chinese navy, the PLAN.
		Construction of the Type 093 submarines is being conducted at the Bohai Shipyard in Huludao.
		The Type 093 is expected to be armed with 533mm and 650mm torpedo tubes that will launch Russian or indigenous wire-, acoustic, and wave-homing torpedoes as well as anti-ship and land attack cruise missiles.
	en.allexperts.com /e/t/ty/type_093_submarine.htm (713 words)

	Naval Institute Proceedings Magazine: World Navies in Review by A.D. Baker III
		The third submarine of the class, the Weller, was commissioned on 10 July; the fifth, the Sheean, was launched on 1 May, and the sixth and final submarine, the Rankin, is to be launched this May. The Sheean and the fourth submarine, the Dechaineux, are to be given an interim--but expensive--upgrade before entering active service.
		The submarine Michishio, second unit of the 3,600-ton Oyashio class, was commissioned on 10 March; the fourth, the Makishio, launched on 22 September; and the sixth was laid down on 2 April--out of a planned total of ten that will maintain the conventional submarine fleet at 16 very modern units.
		The submarines are to be delivered in 2004 through 2007, while the 3,590-ton frigates, nearly eight times the size of the largest surface combatants now in South African service, are to enter service in 2004-2005 after several years of training and workup.
	www.usni.org /Proceedings/Articles00/PRObaker.htm (6014 words)

	ARMED FORCES JOURNAL - Trouble below - March 2006
		The PLA Navy submarine force started this decade with about 70 conventional and nuclear submarines and is likely to end the decade with roughly the same number.
		If the Type 093 were to approach the acoustic performance of the Project 671RTM (Victor III), it would be superior to early SSN 688 Los Angeles class SSNs.
		Barring conjecture that the Type 093 may incorporate unknown elements of Russian fourth-generation nuclear submarines that may further improve its acoustic and combat performance, it can be expected that the PLA will aggressively pursue improvements for the Type 093 or even rapidly develop follow-on classes in the next decade.
	www.armedforcesjournal.com /2006/03/1813965 (2868 words)

	Chinese Navy
		The follow-on of Han class called Type 093/09 III (8,000t dived, comparable to Russian Victor III class in the late 70s) is now believed to be under construction and could haven been launched by the end of 2000.
		Type 094/09 IV, 12,000t dived) was planned and the construction of the first 094 SSBN was believed to have started in 1999 and launched by 2002.
		As the result, all future boats being constructed are the improved Type 039A, the first of which (321) just finished the sea trial and entered the PLAN service at the end of 2001.
	www.stormpages.com /jetfight/han_xia_kilo_song.htm (1013 words)

	[No title]
		According to international practice, a submarine that comes to the surface on a waterway is showing that it is not hostile, so the navy monitored its passage and did not raise security levels," ministry spokesman Rear Admiral Liou Chih-chien said yesterday.
		Because the submarine did not reduce its speed or turn away, and it was only 6km away from the fleet, the vessels immediately reported the matter to the ministry and then raised their alert level, staying at the higher level of security for 10 minutes, the paper said.
		Ou Si-fu, a researcher with the Institute for National Policy Research, said Han-class (or Type 091) nuclear-powered attack submarines are the first generation of Chinese nuclear attack submarines, and China's navy was believed to have about five of this type of submarine.
	taiwansecurity.org /TT/2005/TT-180905.htm (448 words)

	Jane's Fighting Ships 2001-2002 Foreword (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The types of operations envisaged for the European reaction force are the so-called `Petersberg' tasks (named after the town in Germany where they were established by the WEU in 1992) which include responses to four scenarios ranging from military intervention in a hostile environment (peacemaking) to humanitarian aid.
		Of the nuclear submarine programmes, the current ballistic-missile submarine Xia has not been to sea since refit in 1988, hold-ups in the missile programme have delayed its successor, the `Type 094', and the `Type 093' attack submarine, on current projections, will have taken 11 years to build.
		Underwater, the quality of a force of 17 active submarines is being improved by the commissioning of the `Oyashio' class diesel submarines which may form the testbed for the fitting of air-independent propulsion in a future class.
	www.janes.com /press/pc010430.shtml (12674 words)

	Nuclear submarines worldwide—current force structure and future developments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The USN’s vision of the twenty-first century submarine is one that depends on being able to rapidly incorporate technological innovation in order to optimise the war-fighting capabilities of the submarine platform.
		Type 093 will be equipped with torpedoes, ASW missiles, a submarine-launched anti-ship cruise missile and land-attack cruise missiles.
		According to some sources two Type 093 boats are planned, while other sources suggest that as many as six to eight are projected, with possibly four to six Type 093 submarines entering service by 2012.
	bellona.no /bellona.org/english_import_area/international/russia/navy/northern_fleet/vessels/34070 (1754 words)

	CHINA: Unveils its New Power
		The Type 093 was built with Russian assistance.
		Publishing the photograph of the Type 093 submarine is an emphatic message to Taiwan, especially Taiwanese President Chen Shiu-bin who has been frequently provoking Beijing on the Taiwanese independence issue.
		The Type 093 SSN’s anti-ship missiles and torpedoes are capable of sinking large ships.
	www.saag.org /papers25/paper2404.html (1306 words)

	Neo-con Washington Times: China PLA Navy Submarine threat to U.S. Navy
		The first of China's newest nuclear attack submarine, Type 093, is nearing completion and the second is under construction, with two more planned.
		A submarine is perhaps the best anti-submarine weapon, but Taiwan has only four obsolete submarines to face the mainland's modern vessels.
		Submarines also could deter China by threatening to interfere with its shipping, especially oil imports through the Strait of Malacca, crucial to sustained economic development.
	www.centurychina.com /cgi-bin/anyboard.cgi/plaboard/?cmd=get&cG=33730353337333&zu=33373035333733&v=2&gV=0&p= (798 words)

	China's sub plan menace - Bikini Bikini (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The first of China's newest nuclear attack submarine, Type 093, is nearing completion and the second is under construction, with two more planned.
		A submarine is perhaps the best anti-submarine weapon, but Taiwan has only four obsolete submarines to face the mainland's modern vessels.
		Submarines also could deter China by threatening to interfere with its shipping, especially oil imports through the Strait of Malacca, crucial to sustained economic development.
	www.bikinibikini.com /forum/thread6796.html (834 words)

	Xia 092 SSBN (406) (World Army Pictures)
		With only one single Type 092 SSBN, it is not possible for the PLA to establish an effective underwater nuclear strike capability, which can guarantee that at least one boat is ready to launch at any time.
		The Type 092 SSBN was derived from the Type 091 (Han class) SSN, with a lengthened hull to accommodate 12 JL-1 SLBM launch tubes.
		The Type 092 may be fitted with a multi-purpose combat data and command system which provides information for submarine control and torpedo firing.
	s3.invisionfree.com /PLA_MILITARY_PICTURE/ar/t80.htm (684 words)

	The Raw Story \| China ballistic missile submarine force growing: US navy
		It said China also is concluding sea trials of a new Type 093 nuclear powered attack submarine that is expected to be quieter and armed with more advanced weaponry than its predecessor, the HAN SSN class submarines.
		Each of the attack submarines are armed with anti-ship cruise missiles and designed to be quiet enough to operate in the open ocean.
		China has focused on submarines because its surface warfare ships are harder to defend against air or submarine attack, it said.
	rawstory.com /news/afp/China_ballistic_missile_submarine_f_03022007.html (586 words)

	Equipment Matchups: Naval Development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Designated Type 094, the new SSBN is essentially a Type 093 hull extended to carry SLBM launch tubes.
		The Type 093, in turn, is based on the Russian Victor III, developed with Russian assistance.
		Designated as Type 093, the new submarine was designed in conjunction with technical expertise from the Russian Rubin Design Bureau and is believed to be based on the Victor III, with similar performance and acoustical characteristics.
	www.emeraldesigns.com /matchup/newnavy.htm (1949 words)

	Type 94 - China Nuclear Forces
		Several years would be required for submarine construction, and probably an additional year or two for shake-down trials of the submarine, and testing of the JL-2 from the submarine.
		Although the keel of the first Type 093 had been laid, completion was not expected until after 2005.
		The new Type 094 was spotted by US intelligence at the Huludao shipyard, on the coast of Bohai Bay, some 250 miles northwest of Beijing.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/world/china/type_94.htm (575 words)

	Chinese produce new type of sub
		The submarine was spotted several weeks ago for the first time and has been designated by the Pentagon as the first Yuan-class of submarine.
		One official said the new submarine was a "technical surprise" to U.S. intelligence, which was unaware that Beijing was building a new non-nuclear powered attack submarine.
		China also is building two nuclear-powered submarines -- one Type 093, believed to be based on the Russian Victor-III class and armed with intercontinental ballistic missiles, and a Type 094 attack submarine, which the Pentagon believes has a finished hull and will be ready for deployment next year.
	agonist.org /node/2729/print (678 words)

	Submarine Research Center - Bulletin 25
		The U-31 type submarine, which is one of the world's most advanced submarines, sells for just over one half billion dollars per copy.
		Submarines should be suited for detection of hostile submarine intrusion into home waters, bottom mapping of shore regions, detection of mines, detection of electronic emissions and ability to carry unmanned submerged vehicles.
		In projecting the U. submarine building program through 2019 the fleet will likely reduce its Los Angeles Class inventory from a current 51 boats to 27 while the Seawolf and Virginia Class boats will be produced at a rate to total 19 boats by the year 2019.
	www.submarineresearch.com /bull25.html (1384 words)

	China News: Asia Times Online is a quality Internet-only publication that reports and examines geopolitical, political, ...
		The submarine force has since declined to about half that, however, as old submarines wear out, since new construction dropped to two per year and is now slowing further to afford importation of expensive Russian Kilo-class submarines.
		Submarines depend on stealth for protection, yet the Chinese SSNs, like the earliest Soviet ones, are noisy, and thus relatively easy to detect and destroy.
		China has for some years been constructing a more modern nuclear submarine (Type 093) similar to the Russian Victor III class of the 1980s, but it is not expected to be completed before 2002.
	www.atimes.com /china/BA27Ad01.html (3285 words)

	Active Duty Military Army Navy Air Force Marines Coast Guard Reserves Veterans
		China also is building two nuclear-powered submarines — one Type 093, believed to be based on the Russian Victor-III class and armed with intercontinental ballistic missiles, and a Type 094 attack submarine, which the Pentagon believes has a finished hull and will be ready for deployment next year.
		Though Chinese nuclear submarines are widely dismissed as obsolete, the Chinese press continues to extol sorties by these SSNs, even claiming that they played a role in the 1996 Taiwan Strait crisis.
		PLAN submarine captains recognize that active pinging is tantamount to suicide and are shifting their focus to improving the performance of passive sonars, including towed arrays.
	www.active-duty.com /MW_NewChineseSubmarine.htm (3551 words)

	THE RISING SEA DRAGON IN ASIA - 2005 UPDATE
		Another area air defense destroyer similar to the Type 52C, Lanzho class, this new class is similar in appearance to the Arleigh Burke class original batch destroyers, and is based on the late 1990's Luhai class hull.
		It has an Aegis type air defense capability, but no helo facilities, while the two new Type 52C's are similar to the Arliegh Burke Batch IIA ships, with onboard helicopter landing and housing facilities.
		Based on the latest information, it appaears that the 1st Type 093 SSN (nuclear attack sub) was launched in late 2002 and has been undergoing operational testing since and is probably completely operational.
	www.jeffhead.com /redseadragon/2005.htm (1185 words)

	China Ballistic Missile Submarine Force Growing
		The Type 094 SSBN nuclear ballistic missile submarine.
		It said China also is concluding sea trials of a new Type 093 nuclear powered attack submarine that is expected to be quieter and armed with more advanced weaponry than its predecessor, the HAN SSN class submarines.
		Each of the attack submarines are armed with anti-ship cruise missiles and designed to be quiet enough to operate in the open ocean.
	www.spacewar.com /reports/China_Ballistic_Missile_Submarine_Force_Growing_999.html (896 words)

	TonyRogers.com \| China tests ballistic missile submarine
		The new 094-class submarine was launched in late July and when fully operational in the next year or two will be the first submarine to carry the underwater-launched version of China's new DF-31 missile, according to defense officials.
		The new Type 094 was spotted by U.S. intelligence agencies at the Huludao shipyard, located on the coast of Bohai Bay, some 250 miles northwest of Beijing.
		The submarine is in the early stages of being outfitted and is not yet equipped with new JL-2 submarine-launched nuclear missiles.
	www.tonyrogers.com /news/china_ssbn_submissiles.htm (1123 words)

	Washington Times: U.S. secrets aboard latest Chinese sub
		According to the intelligence officials, the new Type 094 is being built to provide "a strategic deterrent" to the United States.
		In addition to the new missile submarines, China also is building a new attack submarine known as the Type O93 that will be equipped with underwater-fired cruise missiles.
		The intelligence report last week stated that China already is building the first of its new attack submarines -- Type 093 -- and is in the process of completing construction of the last Xia-class missile submarine.
	www.taiwandc.org /washt9908.htm (995 words)

	zerohostel
		Both weapon types are discharged through the six torpedo tubes in the bow of Astute, using a high pressure water system to eject them.
		When the Astute class vessel enters service she will be the most advanced submarine ever operated by the Royal Navy with state of the art Sonar 2076 capable of tracking ship movements across thousands of miles of ocean, a digital optical mast replacing the traditional periscope, and a nuclear reactor fueled for life.
		The Jin-class ballistic-missile submarine is one of the latest additions to the Chinese Navy and was spotted on Google Earth in July.
	zerosix.wordpress.com (1288 words)

	China's Submarine Challenge
		The September 2004 promotion of Admiral Zhang Dingfa, a career submariner, to Chief of Staff of the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) and a full seat on the Central Military Commission was a clear signal of the primacy of submarine warfare in China’s strategy for the Asia-Pacific region.
		Of the U.S. Pacific Fleet’s 35 submarines (including three nuclear attack submarines based in Guam during 2006), about a dozen are underway at sea on operational duties at any one time.
		EB laid off nearly 200 submarine engineers and machinists in early February—and EB is the only shipbuilder in the nation that maintains submarine designers.
	www.heritage.org /Research/AsiaandthePacific/wm1001.cfm (1434 words)

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