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Topic: Type 1 encryption


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NSA

In the News (Mon 30 Nov 09)

  
  RFC 2946 (rfc2946) - Telnet Data Encryption Option
It is used by various encryption mechanisms to identify which encryption key is to be used, when multiple encryption keys might be known on either side of the connection.
The order of the encryption types in a SUPPORT command must be ordered to indicate a preference for different encryption types, the first type being the most preferred, and the last type the least preferred.
If encryption is requested by the user, and the client is unable to negotiate enabling or re-enabling encryption, the client must assume that it is being attacked, and MUST immediately terminate the telnet connection.
www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc2946.html   (1964 words)

  
 [No title]
Despite the fact that authentication type numbers are allocated out of an 8-bit number space (as are most values in the telnet specification) it is not anticipated that the number space is or will become in danger of being exhausted.
The order of the encryption types in a SUPPORT command must be ordered to indicate a preference for different encryption types, the first type being the most preferred, and the last type the least preferred.
If encryption is requested by the user, and the client is unable to negotiate enabling or re-enabling encryption, the client must assume that it is being attacked, and MUST immediately terminate the telnet connection.
www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc2946.txt   (2012 words)

  
 Onux Help System
The Type 1 encryption interface works in conjunction with Onux queue list and has several combinations of options that make encrypting a file or files quite flexible.
Now that we have discussed the options and importance of encrypting files with Type 1 Encryption, we can move onto the steps of using Type 1 Encryption to secure your files.
The Type 1 Decryption Interface is split into two parts.
www.cronoslogic.com /support/onux_help/usetype1.html   (1109 words)

  
 Using field encryption in applications
Encryption, in layman's terms, is the application of transformations to data in order to hide information while it is stored or communicated.
Asymmetric encryption is commonly known as public key encryption, because the actual encryption is always done using a key that doesn't have to be kept secret.
Since the most common type of encryption used in applications is secret key encryption, set the default value of the EncType field to S. Then, in the top right cell of the table, enter a brief comment explaining the purpose of the field, such as "Check one or both boxes to enable encryption.
www.ibm.com /developerworks/lotus/library/ls-field_encryption/index.html   (4814 words)

  
 U.S. Policy on Encryption Technology   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
The greatest expertise in encryption matters resides in the National Security Agency, part of the Department of Defense, and, in the past, it has been the general practice to defer to the judgment of this agency for encryption export decisions.
Certain mass-market encryption software that use algorithms with a key length of 40 bits or less may be released, after a one-time review, from normal EI controls and made eligible for mass market treatment (which includes eligibility for all the provisions of the Export Administration Regulations applicable to other software).
Fifty-six-bit DES or equivalent non-recovery encryption items will be eligible for a license exception for all non-embargoed destinations during a two-year transition period, after an initial review of the item and the submission by the applicant of a satisfactory key recovery plan demonstrating a commitment to develop key recovery products and services.
home.comcast.net /~thechintzes/pubs/1997_CTLR_US-Crypto-Policy.htm   (3390 words)

  
 Tape and disk encryption product roundup
Encryption starts by processing data through a complex mathematical algorithm (a cipher) that uses a unique variable value (or key) to produce unique encryption results.
Encryption can be used to protect data in flight across a network and at rest on a hard drive (or tape) in the data center.
Encryption is a mathematically intensive process, and can have a negative impact on the performance of your network depending on the type of encryption, the way it is implemented and the amount of files being protected.
searchstorage.techtarget.com /originalContent/0,289142,sid5_gci1173496,00.html   (3589 words)

  
 Using field encryption in applications   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
Encryption, in layman's terms, is the application of transformations to data in order to hide information while it is stored or communicated.
Asymmetric encryption is commonly known as public key encryption, because the actual encryption is always done using a key that doesn't have to be kept secret.
Since the most common type of encryption used in applications is secret key encryption, set the default value of the EncType field to S. Then, in the top right cell of the table, enter a brief comment explaining the purpose of the field, such as "Check one or both boxes to enable encryption.
www-128.ibm.com /developerworks/lotus/library/ls-field_encryption   (4804 words)

  
 Security Reference Guide > A Beginner's Guide to Encryption   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
For example, figure 1 shows a simple symmetric key type encryption that uses letter substitution to hide the real message.
This type of encryption is much more secure, but it is also much more complex for the user.
The average home user has no need for this type of encryption, but in a work environment this type of encryption is the safest.
www.informit.com /guides/content.asp?g=security&seqNum=133   (1266 words)

  
 Encryption is the Key
Encryption is an encompassing term for converting data into a form called a ciphertext that cannot be read by an unauthorized recipient.
Although both methods of encryption are considered secure, the Achilles' heel of symmetric encryption falls in the transmission of the single secret key for decryption, especially when used to send encrypted information to numerous recipients.
Without encryption, anyone in proximity with a wireless network adapter was able to authenticate to the maintenance contractor's access points, which had been attached to the university's network backbone.
securitysolutions.com /mag/security_encryption_key   (1541 words)

  
 Ziskind.com > My Work > Papers > Encryption
However, symmetric encryption is inherently not as secure as asymmetric encryption because both the sending and receiving parties need to have a copy of the key.
With all types of encryption, it is eventually possible to use brute-force (trying every possible value) to break into the encrypted data.
The strength of any type of encryption is based on the algorithm of the method and the size of the key length.
www.ziskind.com /papers/encryption.asp   (2678 words)

  
 Type 1 Encryption   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
Encryption is defined as the process of scrambling transmitted or stored information making it unintelligible until it is unscrambled by the intended recipient.
Many types of encryption (and decryption) are performed at the presentation layer.
Encryption helps provide a secure channel for data transmission to keep information private between the bank's computer system and your Internet browser and you hide the source code of HTML.
www.encrypt-it.com /Type-1-Encryption.htm   (320 words)

  
 The Encryption home.   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
A one way encryption method means that it uses one "key" to encrypt and another "key" to decrypt.
The factors of 48 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24.
The way in which this type of encryption is safe is that is is hard to get d from n.
www.bergen.org /AAST/Projects/Encryption/howpasfile2.html   (549 words)

  
 RSA Encryption
In the beginning, encryption started with algorithms that only used one key for both encryption and decryption or keys where it is easy to derive the decryption key from the encryption key.
According to Feil [1], you can usually select a suitable value for E in one or two trials by blindly choosing a number and testing it to make sure that its greatest common devisor with T is 1.
The public key for RSA encryption consists of E and N while the private key consists of D and N. To encrypt a message you first retrieve the public key from the person you wish to send the message to.
cda.mrs.umn.edu /~lopezdr/seminar/fall2000/Hanson.htm   (3547 words)

  
 XML Encryption Charter
XML Encryption is a method whereby XML content can be transformed such that it is discernable only to the intended recipients, and opaque to all others.
The requirement document must specify and describe the WG's choice with respect to the granularity of encryption, the data model and representation resulting from that choice, and the necessity and choice of canonicalization algorithms.
Specification of (1) Minimal KeyInfo algorithms and structures and (2) security concerns can be part of this document or a separate document.
www.w3.org /Encryption/2002/06/xmlenc-charter   (1540 words)

  
 [No title]
The current types of encryption are listed in the current version of the Assigned Numbers document[1].
The sender of this command is stating what type of encryption to use, and any initial data that is needed Only the side of the connection that is WILL ENCRYPT may send the IS command.
This is necessary, because once encryption is enabled (especially if encryption is being done in both directions), if the receiver is unable to do decryption for some reason, encryption can never be turned off and the connection would have to be dropped.
www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu /~shadow/telnet/preliminary-draft-borman-telnet-encryption-00.html   (1742 words)

  
 Public Key Cryptography: Encryption, Signatures and Certificates
Compare old-style, Secret Key encryption, where both people communicating need to know the same password—in that case you've got to come up with some way of getting that password to your friend in such a way that it can't be intercepted.
It is a good idea to perform some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the disks) during the prime generation; this gives the random number generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.
[1] For example, the type of encryption you use when you password-protect a.zip file is ‘secret key’ encryption.
www.centerforhealthstudies.org /sciresc/itposter/04IT/encryption/04_encrypt.htm   (2958 words)

  
 [No title]
Encryption is the science of concealing information and/or proving its authenticity and encryption can help keeping data and communication confidential.
Encryption Plus® Folders decrypts only the specific portion of a file that is in use.
Encryption uses a mathematical algorithm to encrypt data in order to render it unintelligible to anyone who does not possess certain secret information (cryptographic key) necessary for decryption of the encrypted data.
www.lycos.com /info/encryption.html   (484 words)

  
 Langa Letter: Easy Encryption -- Fred Langa -- InformationWeek
This way, a problem in the encryption system will at least leave your PC able to boot and run, so you can perform whatever backup, restoration, or repair is needed to recover the damaged files.
In contrast, more granular encryption, such as at the file level, prevents this problem because opening any one encrypted file leaves the others untouched: Anyone with physical or electronic access to a PC can access only files that have been unlocked, leaving the others secure.
File-level encryption also makes it easy to move, E-mail, or copy the data without compromising its security: The encrypted file remains encrypted until the decryption tool is explicitly invoked.
www.informationweek.com /story/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=10100525   (927 words)

  
 Registration of media type application/xenc+xml
Applications which use this media type: XML Encryption is device-, platform-, and vendor-neutral and is supported by a range of Web applications.
The application/xenc+xml type name MUST only be used for data objects in which the root element is from the XML Encryption namespace.
Author: The XML Encryption Recommendation is a work product of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and was edited by: Donald Eastlake Joseph Reagle Change controller: The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has change control over the XML Encryption Recommendation and its related media types.
www.alvestrand.no /pipermail/ietf-types/2005-August/000868.html   (485 words)

  
 physics - Type 1 encryption
In cryptography, a Type 1 product is a device or system certified by the National Security Agency (NSA) for use in cryptographically securing classified U.S. Government information.
Type 1 certification is a rigorous process that includes testing and formal analysis of (among other things) cryptographic security, functional security, tamper resistance (QUADRANT), emissions security (EMSEC/TEMPEST), and security of the product manufacturing and distribution process.
For a historically-oriented list of NSA encryption products (most of them Type 1), see NSA encryption systems.
www.physicsdaily.com /physics/Type_1_encryption   (109 words)

  
 Exploring XML Encryption, Part 1   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
Here in part 1 of this two-part series, Bilal explains how XML and security are proposed to be integrated into the W3C's Working Draft for XML Encryption.
On the other hand, XML Encryption is the best choice if the application requires a combination of secure and insecure communication (which means that some of the data will be securely exchanged and the rest will be exchanged as is).
In Listings 1 through 5, we have demonstrated encryption, which is not possible without keys (see the sidebar Public, private, and secret keys).
www-106.ibm.com /developerworks/xml/library/x-encrypt/index.html   (2649 words)

  
 ScienceDaily: Diabetes Articles
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (formerly called diabetes mellitus type II, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, NIDDM or adult-onset diabetes) is a long-term metabolic disorder...
Type 1 diabetes (formerly known as "childhood" or "juvenile" diabetes or "insulin dependent" diabetes) is most commonly diagnosed in children and adolescents.The most important forms of diabetes are...
Amyloid describes various types of protein aggregations that share specific traits when examined microscopically.
www.sciencedaily.com /articles/health_medicine/diabetes   (575 words)

  
 Data Protection Services - Business Backup Specialist
The available encryption algorithms and keystrengths are: 56-bit DES; 56-bit Blowfish; Triple DES (112-bit); and 128-bit Blowfish.
The level of encryption you choose impacts the compressibility of your data, as well as processor cycles required to perform the tack.
This means that higher encryption levels can result in longer backup times and slightly higher monthly bills due to the increased amount of data stored on our servers.
www.dataprotection.com /web/faqs/encryption.html   (180 words)

  
 Specification of Element-wise XML Encryption
The encryption can be applied to multiple elements in an XML document, each of which is contained in another element.
The former case, the syntax used would be the embedded or embedding type and the latter case, the detached type.
element specifies an encryption algorithm to be applied to a symmetric key using the URI indicating the algorithm.
lists.w3.org /Archives/Public/xml-encryption/2000Aug/att-0005/01-xmlenc-spec.html   (2560 words)

  
 [No title]
Abstract There is a need in the Internet community for an unencumbered encryption algorithm with a range of key sizes that can provide security for a variety of cryptographic applications and protocols.
It thus appears to be a good Adams Informational [Page 1] RFC 2144 CAST-128 Encryption Algorithms May 1997 candidate for general-purpose use throughout the Internet community wherever a cryptographically-strong, freely-available encryption algorithm is required.
Variable Keysize The CAST-128 encryption algorithm has been designed to allow a key size that can vary from 40 bits to 128 bits, in 8-bit increments (that is, the allowable key sizes are 40, 48, 56, 64,..., 112, 120, and 128 bits.
www.rfc-editor.org /rfc/rfc2144.txt   (1323 words)

  
 Definition of Type 1 encryption
In cryptography, a Type 1 product is a device or system certified by the National Security Agency (NSA) for use in cryptographically securing classified U.S. Government information.
Type 1 certification is a rigorous process that includes testing and formal analysis of (among other things) cryptographic security, functional security, tamper resistance (QUADRANT), emissions security (EMSEC/TEMPEST), and security of the product manufacturing and distribution process.
For a historically-oriented list of NSA encryption products (most of them Type 1), see NSA encryption systems.
www.wordiq.com /definition/Type_1_encryption   (175 words)

  
 Encryption News
They provide that any encryption product of any key length can be exported under a license exception after a technical review to any non-government end-user in any country except for the seven state supporters of terrorism.
The report concludes that most nations have no encryption controls, and that the trend is towards relaxation of regulations.
Americans for Computer Privacy, a large, diverse, and new group which was organized to obtain passage of strong encryption legislation, held a public meeting on Capitol Hill today in the huge and ornate House Caucus Room of Cannon Office Building.
www.techlawjournal.com /encrypt/Default.htm   (2476 words)

  
 U. S. Bureau of Industry and Security - License Exception Chart Sec. 508 Version
Type of Products: Beta test encryption software intended to be "mass marketed" to the general public after completion of beta testing
There are a number of requirements and restrictions, and they apply to all beta test software (including beta test encryption software) subject to the EAR.
Type of Products: Encryption source code that would be considered "publicly available" (e.g.
www.bis.doc.gov /Encryption/lechart1_Sec508.htm   (795 words)

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