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	Type Ia sensory fiber - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Type Ia Sensory Fiber also called Primary Afferent Type 1A Fiber is a neuron component of the peripheral sensory system which innervates the muscle spindles, a kind of specialized muscle fiber which is sensitive to muscle length.
		This change in length of the spindle is transduced (transformed into electric membrane potentials) by two types of sensory afferents, Type Ia (primary) and Type II (secondary).
		The two kinds of sensory fibers are different in respect to the kind of potentials they generate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Type_Ia_sensory_fiber (294 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Optical fiber (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		For the fiber to guide the optical signal the refractive index of the core must be slightly higher than that of the cladding, though typically the difference is less than one per cent.
		Fibers are generally used in pairs, with one fiber of the pair carrying a signal in each direction.
		For single-mode fiber performance is limited by chromatic dispersion, which occurs because the index of the glass varies slightly depending on the wavelength of the light, and light from real optical transmitters has nonzero spectral width.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Optical_fiber (2785 words)

	Sensory neuron - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sensory neurons (or neurones) are nerve cells within the nervous system responsible for converting external stimuli from the organism's environment into internal electrical motor reflex loops and several forms of involuntary behavior, including pain avoidance.
		In complex organisms, sensory neurons relay their information to the central nervous system or in less complex organisms, such as the hydra, directly to motor neurons and sensory neurons also transmit information to the brain, where it can be further processed and acted upon.
		At the molecular level, sensory receptors located on the cell membrane of sensory neurons are responsible for the conversion of stimuli into electrical impulses.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sensory_neuron (235 words)

	Physiology III Neuroscience - Motor Control & Spinal Reflexes
		The fibers that lead from the tendon organs to the cord are type Ib fibers which are large in diameter and heavily myelinated.
		This nerve fiber is a type Ia fiber averaging 17 micrometers in diameter and has a rapid velocity of conduction.
		This sensory fiber is also activated by mechanical stretch, but it only codes the event, not the rate of the stretch.
	members.tripod.com /mna2001/physiology/physiology3/exam2/phys3.motorcontrolspinalreflex.htm (2995 words)

	Review of Optometry
		The sensory portion of the fifth nerve and the motor portion of the seventh nerve are responsible for the immediate lid closure that should result from this test.
		Supplies sensory afferent fibers from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue for taste, and motor efferent innervation to the muscles of facial expression and lacrimal gland (among others).
		Supplies afferent sensory fibers from the carotid body (which monitors oxygen tension in the blood), and the posterior third of the tongue to mediate taste.
	www.revoptom.com /index.asp?ArticleType=SiteSpec&Page=osc/aug02/lesson_0802.htm (3818 words)

	Notes for section on Touch
		Types of nerves are defined by their diameter and/or conduction velocity (sensory nerves are classified as Aalpha, A-beta, A-delta and C fibers- other classifications are used for similar fibers that are found in other modalities or systems eg.
		Type of signal in response to a constant stimulus can be sustained or adapting and within the classification of adapting can be either fast or slow.
		Ia fibers innervate both bag and chain and convey info about changes in tension; while type II fibers transmit information from only chain cells and convey information about tension.
	www.oberlin.edu /faculty/aborroni/Classes/Sensoryphys/somatosensory.html (1481 words)

	[No title]
		Signals from muscle sensory receptors are transmitted in pathways that reach the cerebellum and cortex (dorsal columns).
		Muscle spindles - sensory endings around specialized skeletal muscle cells; complex structure and function; sensory neurons are sensitive to stretch and signal changes in muscle length. Some neurons also indicate velocity of movement (velocity = change in length/time). Sensitivities of sense organs are adjusted by gamma motor neurons that innervate the specialized muscle cells.
		Clinical Note: Muscle spindle sensory neurons can be very effectively activated by a tap on the tendon of a muscle when it is relaxed; produces a very fast, very small lengthening of the muscle; can activate all the muscle spindles in a muscle simultaneously; tapping on a tendon does NOT activate Golgi tendon organs.
	musom.marshall.edu /ana/grosshom/Musclesensory.html (1691 words)

	Motor system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Type Ia sensory fiber and Type II sensory fiber sensory fibers spiral around and synapse on the central portions of intrafusal fibers, providing the sensory component of the structure via stretch-sensitive excitatory ion-channels of the axons.
		Upon release of acetylcholine by the gamma neuron, the end portions of the intrafusal fibers contract, thus deliberately elongating the non-contractile central portions of intrafusal fibers.
		This information is transmitted monosynaptically to an alpha motor neuron, which activates extrafusal fibers of the muscle to contract, thereby reducing stretch, and polysynaptically through an interneuron to another alpha motoneuron, which inhibits contraction in opposing muscles.
	read-and-go.hopto.org /Motor-system (444 words)

	Everything about Agriculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Fiber (American English) or fibre (Commonwealth English) is a class of materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces, similar to pieces of thread.
		The type of livestock reared varies worldwide and depends on factors such as climate, consumer demand, native animals, local traditions, and land type.
		Drug use and feed supplements (or even feed type) may be regulated, or prohibited, to ensure yield is not increased at the expense of consumer health, safety or animal welfare.
	wikimiki.org /en/agriculture (10258 words)

	[No title]
		This sensory neuron is referred to as a Ib fiber although recent studies suggest a larger fiber with a faster conduction velocity than previously determined which may alter its name in the future.
		The Ia fiber is therefore an excitatory reflex fiber assisting with movement and posture.
		The Ia phasic fiber is the sensory fiber from the nuclear bag intrafusal musch fibers.
	www.uwm.edu /~tking/king7_11.htm (710 words)

	The Muscle Spindle Stretch Reflex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In the nuclear bag fibers, the nuclei tend to be located in a wide, pouch-like section near the center of the muscle fiber.
		In nuclear chain muscle fibers, the nuclei are spaced fairly evenly along the length of the central nuclear compartment such that the fiber is relatively thin throughout its length.
		Because the sensory and motor information for such reflexes travels into the spine and back from the spine via the same spinal nerve roots, we see that both aspects (sensory and motor) of the pathway are functioning.
	faculty.etsu.edu /currie/muscstretch.htm (1404 words)

	Sensory system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		(See also sense) A sensory system is a part of the nervous system that consists of sensory receptors, neural pathways, and those parts of the brain responsible for processing the information.
		Sensory systems code for four aspects of a stimulus (physiology), type (modality), intensity, location, and duration.
		The type of sensory receptor activated by a stimulus plays the primary role in coding the stimulus modality.
	read-and-go.hopto.org /Sensory-system (89 words)

	Muscle spindle Physiology
		They are composed of 3-10 intrafusal muscle fibers, of which there are two types, nuclear bag fibersand nuclear chain fibersand the axonsof sensory neurons.
		Primaryand secondarysensory fibers spiral around and terminate on the central portions of intrafusal fibers, providing the sensory component of the structure via stretch-sensitive ion-channelsof the axons.
		This information is transmitted monosynapticallyto an alpha efferent motor fiber, which activates extrafusal fibers of the muscle to contract, thereby reducing stretch, and polysynapticallythrough an interneuronto another alpha motoneuron, which inhibits contraction in opposing muscles.
	www.lumrix.com /medical/physiology/muscle_spindle.html (507 words)

	eMedicine - Hereditary Neuropathies of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type : Article by Francisco de Assis Aquino ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Inherited neuropathies in which autonomic or sensory features predominate, conditions in which the neuropathy is part of a multiple-organ disturbance, and neuropathies with specific metabolic dysfunction are not discussed.
		DSS was originally described as a hypertrophic polyneuropathy with onset in infancy or early childhood, distal sensory loss with ataxia, pes cavus with progression towards the proximal limbs, and Argyll-Robertson pupils.
		Sensory nerve conduction velocities in all forms of CMT1 are reduced and often unrecordable.
	www.emedicine.com /neuro/topic718.htm (10610 words)

	Flashcards by StudyStack - Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		of the 2 types of sensory fibers that supply the equitorial region of the muscle spindle, which are heavily myelinated?
		Ia fibers also synapse on inhibitory interneurons (inhibitory glycinergic interneurons) which inhibit the alpha MN of the antagonist muscle to prevent a reverberating reflex
		in vitro, the intrafusal fibers are deactivated upon ctrx of extrafusal.
	www.studystack.com /Crossword.jsp?studyStackId=24023 (615 words)

	Differential Expression of Three Distinct Potassium Currents in the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus -- Rothman and Manis 89 ...
		Type I-c, Type I-t, and Type I-i cells are all denoted as Type I., the boundary of data points.
		Omitted from this figure is the Type II cell in Fig.
		Identification of cell types in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus that project to the inferior colliculus.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/89/6/3070?ijkey=wcTEC7F.FD4sc&keytype=ref&siteid=physiology (6708 words)

	More Information - Image:CHEK TV 6th Logo.jpg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Type Ia Seռsory Fiber also called Primary Affereռt Type 1A Fiber is a ռeuroռ compoռeռt of the peripheral seռsory system which iռռervates the muscle spiռdle s, a kiռd of specialized muscle fiber which is seռsitive to muscle leռgth.
		Muscle spiռdles are a type of proprioceptor, aռd they are located iռside the muscle itself.
		Both types may be the result of negative or positive events.
	image.chek.tv.6th.logo.jpg.en.mortage-search.info (2229 words)

	FCS Research Impact Statement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		An example is the project in which oat fiber was used in light bologna and fat-free frankfurters.
		The sensory tests showed that added oat fiber increased the firmness of both of the products; however, some of the other characteristics, for example moistness, depended on the type of oat fiber that was added.
		This work demonstrated that ingredients such as oat fiber need to be chosen for the characteristics that they contribute to a specific type of product in order to maximize consumer acceptability.
	ww2.hs.iastate.edu /rge/research/statements/JLove.htm (217 words)

	Sjogren's syndrome associated painful sensory neuropathy without sensory ataxia -- Mori et al. 74 (9): 1320 -- Journal ...
		Sensory neuronopathy and Sjögren’s syndrome: clinical and immunologic study of two patients.
		Ataxic sensory neuropathy and dorsal root ganglionitis associated with Sjögren’s syndrome.
		Spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates sensory neuronal involvement and clinical severity in neuronopathy associated with Sjögren’s syndrome.
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/74/9/1320 (1123 words)

	L-type Calcium Channel Regulation of Neuronal Gene Expression
		However, since transcriptional initiation is of fundamental importance to changes in gene expression, considerable effort has been put forth to understand the influence of calcium on the regulation of various transcription factors.
		Interestingly, not all types of electrical stimulation are capable of triggering L-type calcium channel gene expression.
		Graef IA, Mermelstein PG, Stankunas K, Neilson JR, Deisseroth K, Tsien RW, Crabtree GR (1999) L-type calcium channels and GSK-3 regulate the activity of NF-ATc4 in hippocampal neurons.
	www.cellscience.com /reviews3/L-type_Calcium_Channel_Regulation_Neuronal_Gene_Expression.html (5174 words)

	[No title]
		For example, it is stressful for a plethodontid salamander to be moved into a cage that bears the scent of another individual, or to have pheromones from another salamander deposited on its body during handling (Jaeger, in press).
		The type of food and the rate of feeding should, at a minimum, ensure normal growth or maintenance of weight.
		DþCaþFosþ (Fort Dodge Labs, Fort Dodge, IA 50501) is a finely powdered mixture of vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus that can be applied to insects as small as fruit flies and pinhead crickets.
	netvet.wustl.edu /species/reptiles/pough.txt (11965 words)

	The Relationship Among Pain, Sensory Loss, and Small Nerve Fibers in Diabetes -- Sorensen et al. 29 (4): 883 -- ...
		The Relationship Among Pain, Sensory Loss, and Small Nerve Fibers in Diabetes -- Sorensen et al.
		Daousi C, MacFarlane IA, Woodward A, Nurmikott TJ, Bundred PE, Benbow SJ: Chronic painful peripheral neuropathy in an urban community: a controlled comparison in people with and without diabetes.
		Sorensen L, Molyneaux L, Yue DK: The level of small nerve fiber dysfunction does not predict pain in diabetic neuropathy.
	care.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/29/4/883 (2824 words)

	Cooling Detection Thresholds in the Assessment of Diabetic Sensory Polyneuropathy: Comparison of CASE IV and Medoc ...
		Intra-epidermal nerve fiber density was abnormal in 90% of patients,
		in the diagnosis of diabetic sensory polyneuropathy (27).
		Benbow SJ, Chan AW, Bowsher D, MacFarlane IA, Williams G: A prospective study of painful symptoms, small-fibre function and peripheral vascular disease in chronic painful diabetic neuropathy.
	care.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/27/7/1674 (2824 words)

	Effects of BDNF and NT-3 on Development of Ia/Motoneuron Functional Connectivity in Neonatal Rats -- Seebach et al. 81 ...
		Collins, W. Honig, M. and Mendell, L. Heterogeneity of group Ia synapses on homonymous motoneurons as revealed by high frequency stimulation of Ia afferent fibers.
		Miyata, Y., Kashihara, Y., Homma, S., and Kuno, M. Effects of nerve growth factor on the survival and synaptic function of Ia sensory neurons axotomized in neonatal rats.
		Ritter, A. and Mendell, L. The somal membrane properties of physiologically identified sensory neurons in the rat.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/81/5/2398 (5991 words)

	Diabetic Neuropathy; Diabetes mellitus
		Occur in: 25% of presymptomatic DM patients; Adult onset DM type IA
		Sympathetic and Parasympathetic involvement: Common in type 1 and type 2 diabetes
		Type: Mononuclear ± PMN (Early in disease course)
	www.neuro.wustl.edu /neuromuscular/nother/diabetes.htm (957 words)

	Nerve Neuropathy Ulnar
		Mayo Clinic researchers have found that subtle change in nerve conduction is the first reliable sign of nerve complications from diabetes and that this change can be measured long before other symptoms or signs of nerve damage develop.
		Council, told CTV.ca that the type of blindness A NAION, or non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy; a swelling of the optic nerve A is caused in...
		The specific type of vision loss, called nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), occurs when blood flow to the optic nerve is blocked.
	nerveneuropathyulnar.marsneuropathy.com (858 words)

	Sensory Integration Dysfunction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A sensory diet helps to modulate and improve the nervous system for individuals with sensory integration dysfunction.
		Treatment involves discovering your sensory diet and then providing the correct sensory diet for various situations and symptoms.
		Music therapy is useful for various forms of central auditory processing disorders as well as sensory integration dysfunction including auditory hyper- and hypo- sensitivities.
	www.squidoo.com /sensoryintegrationdysfunction (1517 words)

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