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Topic: Typebar

	Typebar support - Patent 3949852
		As a typebar returns to rest after a print cycle has been completed, the energy accumulated in the typebar during flight is partially dissipated when it impacts on a yieldable pad on the typebar receiving edge of the support.
		A typebar support as defined in claim 1 further comprising abutment means on the frame engaged by said arm means for defining the rest position of the free end of the typebars.
		When a typebar returns to rest, the energy accumulated in the typebar during flight is absorbed and dissipated by the yieldable structure of the arcuate frame of the typebar support.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /3949852.html (2204 words)

	MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Typewriter
		The typebars were arranged in a circle; when any one of the keys, which were arranged in a banked keyboard at the front of the machine, was depressed, the corresponding typebar struck against the bottom of the platen by lever action.
		One was a key and lever that moved the carriage a short distance down for printing the capitals, and another key and lever that moved the carriage to its original position for printing the lowercase, or small, letters.
		Typebars of early commercial typewriters struck the paper at the bottom of the platen; the line being written was thus not visible to the operator.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761571837___3/Typewriter.html (750 words)

	DS.Lupu Felis-History of Typing and Keyboarding
		The typebars were arranged in a circle; when any one of the keys, which were arranged in a banked keyboard at the front of the machine, was depressed, the corresponding typebar struck against the bottom of the platen by lever action.
		One was a key and lever that moved the carriage a short distance down for printing the capitals, and another key and lever that moved the carriage to its original position for printing the lowercase, or small, letters.
		Typebars of early commercial typewriters struck the paper at the bottom of the platen; the line being written was thus not visible to the operator.
	www.clarku.edu /faculty/mckenzie/CeR/dslf/Text/hist_4.htm (1427 words)

	Typewriter - Wikipedia
		In all early keyboard typewriters, however, the typebars struck upwards against the bottom of the platen.
		When a key was struck briskly and firmly, the typebar hit a ribbon (usually made of inked fabric) stretched in front of a cylindrical platen that moved back and forth.
		IBM and Remington electric typewriters were the leading models until IBM introduced the IBM Selectric typewriter, which replaced the typebars with a spherical typeball (more correctly, "element"), slightly smaller than a golf ball, with the letters molded on its surface.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Typewriter (3165 words)

	Typebar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Typebars are the 'arms' inside a typewriter which have characters on the end of them.
		There are generally two characters per typebar; one which will be printed if the according key is struck, the other of which will be printed if the key is struck while the SHIFT button is depressed.
		When two or more typebars are depressed simultaneously, this causes the typewriter to jam.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/t/ty/typebar.html (98 words)

	Typebar - Wikipedia
		A typebar is an 'arm' inside a typewriter with a characters on the end of it.
		There are generally two characters per typebar; one which will be printed if the key is struck by itself, the other of which will be printed if the key is struck while the shift key is depressed.
		The typewriter will jam when two or more typebars are depressed simultaneously.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Typebar (110 words)

	How typewriter is made - Background, History, Raw materials, Design, The manufacturing process of typewriter, Quality ...
		The typebasket subassembly holds the typebars with typefaces on their ends as well as the spring system that connects the typebars to the keys.
		The assembler inserts the typebars in their positions in the typebasket and attaches the ends at the bottom of the basket to the appropriate springs.
		To align typebars with the opening in the typeguide and strike the platen at the correct angles, the workers use three-pronged pliers to bend each typebar gently.
	www.madehow.com /Volume-7/Typewriter.html (3049 words)

	Collector Network - Rare US Coins, World Coins, Banknotes, Paper Money, Cards and Stamps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Many early typewriters, however, were not typebar machines, but carried the type on a single element, like the Selectric "golf ball." This single element could be a typewheel, a type cylinder (which is just an elongated typewheel), or a type shuttle (a C-shaped piece carried on a swinging sector).
		Typebar typewriters are classified according to the place where the typebars strike the platen (the printing surface, which is usually a cylinder covered in rubber).
		This creates new problems: on downstrike-from-the-front machines, the typebars tend to block the typist's view of the paper; on downstrike-from-the-back machines, the paper must be collected in a basket once it has been typed upon.
	www.collectornetwork.com /article_howtocollect (2105 words)

	Untitled Document
		When you press a key, three things should happen: the typebar should descend to the platen and put a letter in the proper place, the ribbon transport should advance one click, and the escapement should move the carriage one space.
		Unless the type towers got whacked badly and the typebars don’t even nestle into their resting positions properly, chances are you are going to have some (hopefully many!) letters already in pretty good alignment.
		If it is loose, tighten the adjustment screws, either on the top of the typebar retainers or the tiny little ones on the back of the typebar bearing plate, until play is reduced without introducing a bind.
	www.xs4all.nl /~catch55/projects/oliver2/calibration.htm (1316 words)

	Antique typewriters - KEYBOARD MACHINES
		The type is generally attached to a rod or bar and moved to the platen to strike the paper.
		The arrangement of the typebars on what is considered the first typewriter (the Sholes & Glidden) originally caused problems as the machine was not up to handling the speed that users could attain and would jam.
		Especially noteworthy is the inking mechanism: as the typebar approaches the platen, it strikes an inked roller, forcing the roller into an inked felt reservior.
	users.erols.com /chuck101/keyboard.htm (1136 words)

	The IBM 402 Accounting Machine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The 402 series, like the 405 before it, used a typebar print mechanism, in which each column (up to 88, depending on model and options) has its own type bar.
		The arrangement of typebars suggests the most common application for these machines: spreadsheet-like columns of numbers, with alphabetic labels for each row on the left.
		Typebars were used until the 407 (1949), which was equipped with faster type wheels.
	www.columbia.edu /acis/history/402.html (347 words)

	Daisy wheel printer - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The printer turns the wheel to line up the proper letter under a single pawl which then strikes the back of the letter and drives it into the paper.
		In many respects the daisy wheel is similar to a standard typewriter in the way it forms its letters on the page, differing only in the details of the mechanism (daisy wheel vs typebar or IBM 'typeball').
		Daisy wheel printers were fairly common in the 1980s, but were always less popular than ballistic wire printers due to the latter's ability to print graphics and different fonts.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /daisy_wheel_printer.htm (219 words)

	Remington 3B
		First, there are the oblique-frontstroke typewriters that use a simple typebar linkage in which the type lever and the typebar have teeth that engage like gears.
		The 3B raises its typebars to a nearly 45-degree angle.
		In Remington portables of the 1920s, the same typebar position was achieved by a lever on the side of the machine that pushed the typebars up from their resting position.
	staff.xu.edu /~polt/typewriters/remington3b.html (417 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / BLICKENSDERFER
		Its most important feature was the use of a single type element—like the “golf ball” on an IBM Selectric, except cylindrical—instead of having a separate typebar for each key, as on most typewriters of the era.
		Conventional typebar machines got sturdier and less prone to jamming, and as the years progressed, it became obvious that they were faster.
		Blickensderfer finally gave in and introduced a conventional typebar model, which was built by another company and sold as the Blick Bar.
	www.americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/it/2003/1/2003_1_52_print.shtml (2180 words)

	UNDERSTANDING THE ECONOMICS OF QWERTY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Unsticking jammed typebar s was a correspondingly awkward and time-consuming maneuver, compared to which the jumps and slips of the weight-driven carriage escapement mechanism, or the tendency of the weight itself to come loose and crash onto the operator's foot, were merely second ary annoyances.
		It was also the first commercial entrant that circumvented the problem of clashing typebars by dispensing with them entirely, in favor of an arrangement of the type on a cylindrical sleeve.
		Freed from the legacy of typebars, the arra ngement of keys offered by the Hammond from the outset was more sensible than QWERTY: its so-called 'ideal' keyboard placed the sequence DHIATENSOR in the home row, these being ten letters with which one may compose over 70 percent of the words in the Engl ish language.
	www.stanford.edu /group/mmdd/SiliconValley/David/QWERTY.html (4963 words)

	[No title]
		The mechanical encoding matrix was operated by the same mechanisms (cams and power roll) that operated the typebars.
		Mechanical encoding, from ~40 typebars into ~6 bits (or more) of binary code is very easy and straightforward.
		In something like 50 microseconds, the type slug "overshoots" as the typebar bends, to squeeze the ribbon against the paper, and springs back out of contact.
	www.blinkenlights.com /classiccmp/friden/bodley.txt (1217 words)

	We've Come A Long Way, Baby - by Judi Lewis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Sholes and Glidden, like many early typewriters, is an understroke or "blind" writer: the typebars are arranged in a circular basket under the platen (the printing surface) and type on the bottom of the platen.
		Another example of an understroke typebar machine is the Caligraph of 1880, the second typewriter to appear on the American market.
		There is no cylindrical platen as on typebar typewriters; the paper is hit against the shuttle by a hammer, and then the paper collects in a basket.
	www.theglassceiling.com /wib2/ww7_weve.htm (868 words)

	The Dead media Project:Working Notes:17.0
		The single element which holds the embossed characters for printing is about the size and the embossing reminiscent of the dimples of a golf ball.
		For example, if two keys are pressed simultaneously or almost simultaneously on a typebar machine, electric or manual, it is likely that the bars, in moving toward the paper, will strike each other, either jamming or producing uneven print.
		Modified typebar electric typewriters were used as input/output writers on computer consoles.
	www.deadmedia.org /notes/17/170.html (1024 words)

	The Virtual Typewriter Museum: Noiseless
		At the end of each typebar there is a kind of counter weight to add thrust to the bar when a key is struck.
		Rather, the type bar is released and driven on by the weight to hit the paper, but not the platen, with a sweet, soft thud.
		The force of the typebar can be adjusted with the lever on the front of the machine.
	www.typewritermuseum.org /collection/index.php3?machine=noiseless&cat=kf (320 words)

	qwerty, david (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		When a typebar stuck at or near the printing point, every succeeding stroke merely hammered the same impression onto the paper, resulting in a string of repeated letters that would be discovered only when the typist bothered to raise the carriage to inspect what had been printed.
		Not only were there typebar machines with "downstroke" and "frontstroke" actions that afforded a visible printing point; the problem of typebar clashes could be circumvented by dispensing with typebars entirely, as young Thomas Edison had done in his 1872 patent for an electric printwheel device which later became the basis for teletype machines.
		While the novel, non typebar technologies developed during the 1880's were freeing the keyboard from technical bondage to QWERTY, typewriter makers were by the same token freed from fixedcost bondage to any particular keyboard arrangement.
	iml.umkc.edu /econ/economics/Institutional/Readings/David/qwerty.htm (2685 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		New mechanisms were developed that let the typebars hit the front of the platten and make it easy for you to read what you had written right away.
		When you press a key the key pushes a something(I don't want to be vauge, but I really don't want to lie to you) against the cylinder and it uses the spining of the cylinder to propell the typebar into the platten.
		The carrige return is almost a rewind mechanism on the spring loaded escapement that pulls the carrige to left as you type.
	www.00freehost.00freehost.com /unf.htm (372 words)

	Antique Typewriters, something old that's new to collect.
		The most common type of keyboard writing machine is the typebar machine in which each key controls one or more characters.
		A typebar is a lever which at one end is connected to a key on a keyboard and at the other end carries one or more types.
		In the early decades of the typewriter, most of the keyboard machines' typebars struck the underside of the roller, or platen, so in order to see what was just typed, the operator had to raise the carriage (it was usually hinged for that purpose).
	members.aol.com /typebar/collectible/article.htm (1583 words)

	Typewriter - Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The difficulty with any other arrangement was insuring that typebars fell back into place reliably when the key was released.
		This was eventually achieved with ingenious mechanical designs, and so-called "visible typewriters" were introduced in 1895; amazingly, the older style continued in production as late as 1915.
		Whereas previously, the keystroke moved a typebar directly, now the keystroke engaged mechanical linkages that directed mechanical power from the motor into the typebar.
	www.book-spot.co.uk /index.php/Typewriter (1773 words)

	Typebar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Typebars are the 'arms' inside a typewriter which have characters on the end of them.
		There are generally two characters per typebar; one which will be printed if the according key is struck, the other of which will be printed if the key is struck while the SHIFT button is depressed.
		When two or more typebars are depressed simultaneously, this causes the typewriter to jam.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/T/Typebar.htm (168 words)

	Index Typewriters
		In a time when a standard, or typebar, machine could run $100-$125, the index machines could be had for as little as $1, generally no more than $15-20!
		It was the only index machine that they made and even had the typeball and carriage of the regular Blick #5 typebar machine.
		Blickensderfer obviously had much better success with their typebar machine as there are only a handful of Niagaras known to exist.
	typewriter.rydia.net /indextw.htm (1123 words)

	Reading - Instruments - Typewriters
		Early typewriters used a typebar mechanism in which raised letters on metal bars struck the inked ribbon when the key was pressed.
		In 1881, John Hammond produced a typewriter that used a revolving cylinder instead of a typebar - a precursor of the modern golfball mechanism.
		Up until 1897, all typewriters were "blind", that is, the typebar struck the underside of the platen so that the users could not see what they were typing.
	www.portobello.com.au /portobello/reading/instruments_typewriters.htm (849 words)

	American Visible Typewriter
		A linear index machine made by the American Typewriter Co. A soft rubber typebar, similar to that used in the "American" offered in SMMA issue 33 is used and other features of the 1893 patent are also incorporated in this machine.
		The rigid index is slid horizontally to the character desired and the side lever depressed to type.
		As the typebar is moved from side to side, it passes over ink pads on either side of the center printing point.
	www.americanartifacts.com /smma/advert/da220.htm (192 words)

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