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Topic: Typhoid


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  Typhoid fever - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Typhoid fever is an illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi.
In 1907, Mary Mallon (known as "Typhoid Mary") became the first American carrier to be identified and traced.
Vaccines for typhoid fever are available and are advised for persons traveling in regions where the disease is common (especially Asia, Africa, and Latin America).
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Typhoid_fever   (331 words)

  
 WHO | Water-related Diseases
Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection of the intestinal tract and bloodstream.
Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers are caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi respectively.
Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers are common in less-industrialized countries, principally owing to the problem of unsafe drinking-water, inadequate sewage disposal and flooding.
www.who.int /water_sanitation_health/diseases/typhoid/en   (423 words)

  
 MSN Encarta - Typhoid Fever
Typhoid Fever, acute infectious disease caused by the typhoid bacillus Salmonella typhi.
Deaths from typhoid fever were greatly reduced by the isolation of the first antibiotic effective against the typhoid bacillus, chloromycetin, or chloramphenicol, derived from a South American mold in the late 1940s.
Typhoid is slowly disappearing from the U.S. because of the prevalence of preventive measures; the number of cases dropped from 5,595 in 1942 to about 400 in 2000, and most of these cases were acquired when people traveled to other countries.
encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761563010   (350 words)

  
 Typhoid Vaccine | Vaccine Education Center - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
The typhoid vaccine should be used only by people who are traveling to high-risk areas who will either be staying for more than six weeks, staying in rural areas or small towns, or who choose to eat uncooked foods and unpeeled fruits and drink non-bottled water.
Typhoid is caused by a bacterium (Salmonella typhi) that attacks the intestines, causing fever, stomach pain and rash.
Typhoid bacteria are ingested in contaminated food or water and can be avoided by drinking only bottled water, and avoiding ice, unpeeled fruits, undercooked meats, shellfish, salads, or food from street vendors.
www.chop.edu /consumer/jsp/division/generic.jsp?id=75738   (601 words)

  
 Fighting Disease: Disease List--TYPHOID FEVER   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi, the typhoid bacillus.
Typhoid fever is transmitted by food and water contaminated by the feces and urine of patients and carriers.
Typhoid fever is characterized by the sudden onset of sustained fever, severe headache, nausea, severe loss of appetite, constipation or sometimes diarrhoea.
www.un.org /Pubs/CyberSchoolBus/special/health/disease/typhoid.htm   (365 words)

  
 Typhoid fever - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
Antibiotics, such as ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin are commonly used in treating typhoid fever.
Bacteremic typhoid fever in children in an urban slum, Bangladesh.(Dispatches) : An article from: Emerging Infectious Diseases
The etiology of typhoid fever and its prevention: Being the Milroy lectures delivered at the Royal College of Physicians in 1902 (Milroy lectures)
encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /typhoid.htm   (335 words)

  
 DBMD - Typhoid Fever - General Information
Typhoid fever is a life-threatening illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi.
Typhoid fever is common in most parts of the world except in industrialized regions such as the United States, Canada, western Europe, Australia, and Japan.
Typhoid vaccines lose effectiveness after several years; if you were vaccinated in the past, check with your doctor to see if it is time for a booster vaccination.
www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/typhoidfever_g.htm   (1025 words)

  
 Typhoid Update: A Guide for Travelers   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
Typhoid affects about 12.5 million people each year; however, it can be prevented with vaccination and can usually be treated with antibiotics.
One may contract typhoid fever if he/she ingests food or beverages that have been handled by an infected person, or if contaminated sewage is introduced into the water supply that is used for drinking or for washing food.
Typhoid fever is common in most parts of the world except in industrialized countries such as the United States, Canada, western Europe, Australia, and Japan.
www.iflyamerica.org /typhoidupdate.htm   (653 words)

  
 Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever
Typhoid fever is an infectious feverish disease with severe symptoms in the digestive system in the second phase of the illness.
Typhoid fever is caused by an infection with the bacterium Salmonella typhi, which is only found in humans and may lead to serious illness.
Typhoid fever is not a tropical disease and is related to hygiene and sanitary conditions rather than the climate itself.
www.netdoctor.co.uk /travel/diseases/typhoid.htm   (1021 words)

  
 Typhoid fever - Medical Encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
Typhoid Fever is a illness caused by a bacteria named Salmonella typhi.
Typhoid symptons may include a rash of spots that are flat and rose-colored.
Historically, typhoid fever has claimed the lives of several famous people, including Rudyard Kipling, Franz Schubert, Wilbur Wright, and the British prince-consort Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
nursingstudy.com /encyclopedia/Typhoid_fever.html   (239 words)

  
 TYPHOID FEVER - Travel Medicine Program - Public Health Agency of Canada
Typhoid fever is a foodborne illness, caused by one species of Salmonella bacteria.
The onset of typhoid fever is normally gradual, with fever, malaise, chills, headache, and generalized muscle and joint aches.
Diagnosis of typhoid fever is made by laboratory tests to detect the presence of Salmonella typhi from a blood or stool sample.
www.phac-aspc.gc.ca /tmp-pmv/travel/typhoi_e.html   (391 words)

  
 Urban Legends Reference Pages: Medical (Typhoid Mary)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
Though she was still a typhoid carrier, the new health commissioner deemed that keeping her incarcerated was wholly cruel and pointed out that others in her situation were not being treated the same way.
Mary was never stricken with typhoid fever herself and was therefore greatly puzzled by the claim she was carrying the contagion and passing it to others.
Typhoid Fever is an infectious disease caused by salmonella typhi, a strictly human pathogen (that is to say, animals are not involved in its spread).
www.snopes.com /medical/disease/typhoid.htm   (1421 words)

  
 Typhoid Fever
Typhoid fever is a serious illness caused by a bacteria called Salmonella typhi.
Typhoid fever is still common in developing countries and affects about 12.5 million persons each year.
Typhoid fever is spread by eating or drinking contaminated food or water or by direct or indirect contact with fecal material from infected persons.
healthlink.mcw.edu /article/955158962.html   (455 words)

  
 Typhoid Fever Fact Sheet   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
Typhoid vaccine is recommended for persons who are going to travel to countries where there is a risk of exposure to Salmonella typhi, such as many countries of Africa, Asia, and Central and South America.
However, typhoid vaccination is not 100% effective and is not a substitute for careful selection of food and drink while visiting developing countries.
Typhoid vaccine is also recommended for persons living in a household with a typhoid fever carrier.
www.edcp.org /factsheets/typhoid.html   (257 words)

  
 Typhoid Fever in the United States
The most recent comprehensive analysis available of typhoid fever in the United States found that the cause of most cases of the disease that did not result from travel abroad could not be accounted for.
The young woman had emigrated from a country where typhoid fever is common and had visited her home country about 2 years before.
Most well known as "Typhoid Mary," Mallon was taken into custody in 1907 by local health officials when it was shown that a number of typhoid cases in the area could be traced to kitchens where she worked.
www.nichd.nih.gov /new/releases/typhoid_background.cfm   (614 words)

  
 Typhoid fever -- Maskalyk 169 (2): 132 -- Canadian Medical Association Journal
Typhoid fever is diagnosed by means of bacterial culture.
The epidemiology of typhoid fever in the Dong Thap Province, Mekong Delta region of Vietnam.
Typhoid fever vaccines: a meta-analysis of studies on efficacy and toxicity.
www.cmaj.ca /cgi/content/full/169/2/132   (701 words)

  
 Typhoid Fever Vaccines
Typhoid fever immunization is recommended for all travelers to less-developed countries, especially those in Central and South America, Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Indian subcontinent.
Typhoid fever is typically spread person-to-person by food handlers who do not wash their hands adequately after bowel movements.
Those travelers at risk for typhoid fever should also worry about possible exposure to hepatitis A which is acquired in a similar manner.
healthlink.mcw.edu /article/907107823.html   (442 words)

  
 AllRefer.com - typhoid fever (Pathology) - Encyclopedia
The symptoms of typhoid appear 10 to 14 days after infection; they include high fever, rose-colored spots on the abdomen and chest, diarrhea or constipation, and enlargement of the spleen.
Chloramphenicol is the most effective drug in combating typhoid, and in very toxic patients a cortisone derivative may be helpful.
Vaccination against typhoid is a valuable preventive measure, especially for persons in military service and for those who travel to poorly sanitized regions.
reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/typhoidf.html   (257 words)

  
 Typhoid vaccine   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica, serovar Typhi, a highly virulent and invasive enteric pathogen traditionally referred to as Salmonella typhi.
Although typhoid fever is not considered a public health problem during the first years of life, recent work shows that at least in some disease-endemic areas the highest incidence of typhoid fever is found among children under five years of age.
National decisions concerning strategies to control typhoid fever should be based on thorough analyses of age-specific incidence, on groups at particular risk of infection and on cost-benefit aspects of the planned control measures.
www.who.int /vaccines/en/typhoid.shtml   (2700 words)

  
 Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine: Typhoid fever   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
Typhoid fever is a severe infection caused by a bacterium, Salmonella typhi.
Typhoid fever is passed from person to person through poor hygiene, such as incomplete or no hand washing after using the toilet.
Typhoid fever is a particularly difficult problem in parts of the world with poor sanitation practices.
www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0014/ai_2601001414   (1187 words)

  
 NJDHSS, Communicable Disease Service: Typhoid Fever
Typhoid fever is an illness caused by infection with the bacterium Salmonella typhi.
Typhoid fever is diagnosed in a laboratory by identifying Salmonella typhi bacteria in a sample of stool, blood or urine from an infected person.
The vaccine is recommended for individuals subject to unusual exposure to typhoid fever, such as workers in high-risk occupations (such as certain laboratory technicians), travelers to developing countries where typhoid fever is common and household members of a known carrier of Salmonella typhi.
www.state.nj.us /health/cd/f_typhoid.htm   (673 words)

  
 eMedicine - Typhoid Fever : Article by Roberto Corales, DO   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
Caused by S typhi and occurring only in humans, typhoid fever is a severe multisystemic illness characterized by the classic prolonged fever, sustained bacteremia without endothelial or endocardial involvement, and bacterial invasion of and multiplication within the mononuclear phagocytic cells of the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer patches.
Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers are endemic in the Indian subcontinent, Southeast and Far East Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Central America, and South America.
Typhoid vaccines lose effectiveness after several years; consultation with a physician knowledgeable in travel medicine is advised if the patient is traveling several years after receiving the vaccination.
www.emedicine.com /MED/topic2331.htm   (7622 words)

  
 The Straight Dope Mailbag: The Straight Dope Mailbag: Who was Typhoid Mary?
Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi, a bacillus found in human urine and feces.
Typhoid usually strikes in poor, unsanitary conditions; cases among the rich (and sanitary) were unusual.
She became something of a celebrity, and was interviewed by journalists (who were forbidden to accept as much as a glass of water from her.) She died in 1938 of pneumonia.
www.straightdope.com /mailbag/mtyphoidmary.html   (1008 words)

  
 Typhoid fever
Vaccines against typhoid fever are available, but they're only partially effective and are usually reserved for people who may be exposed to the disease or are traveling to areas where typhoid fever is endemic.
Although children with typhoid fever sometimes become sick quite suddenly, signs and symptoms are more likely to develop gradually — often appearing one to three weeks after you've been exposed to the disease.
Typhoid fever appears to have afflicted human beings for millennia, but the cause of the illness — a virulent and invasive bacterium called Salmonella typhi — wasn't discovered until the late 19th century.
www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/DS/00538.html   (2223 words)

  
 MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Typhoid fever
Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection characterized by diarrhea, systemic disease, and a rash -- most commonly caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi.
A rash, characteristic only of typhoid and called "rose spots," appears in some cases of typhoid.
Although typhoid fever is common in developing countries, less than 400 cases are reported in the U.S. each year, most brought in from abroad.
www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001332.htm   (677 words)

  
 Utah - Office Of Epidemiology Typhoid Fact Sheet
Typhoid fever is a potentially life-threatening illness that is caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi (S.
Persons with typhoid fever carry the bacteria in their bloodstream and intestinal tract and can spread the infection directly to other people by contaminating food or water.
A blood or stool sample is needed to diagnose typhoid fever.
hlunix.hl.state.ut.us /els/epidemiology/epifacts/typhoid.html   (668 words)

  
 TYPHOID VACCINE INACTIVATED (Systemic)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
Typhoid may also be spread by close person-to-person contact with infected persons (such as occurs with persons living in the same household).
Typhoid fever is rare in the U.S. and in other areas of the world that have good water and sewage (waste) systems.
Although there is no specific information comparing use of typhoid vaccine in the elderly with use in other age groups, this vaccine is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in older people than it does in younger adults.
www.medformation.com /ac/mm_usp.nsf/usp/202762b.htm   (949 words)

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