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Topic: Typhus

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Typhus (disease)

Endemic typhus

Epidemic typhus

Scrub typhus

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Rickettsia prowazekii

Typhoid fever

Dengue

Typhoid

List of epidemics

Rudolf Weigl

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Lyme Disease

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	TYPHUS FEVER ON THE EASTERN FRONT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Typhoid fever is a disease of the gastrointestinal tract caused by a bacterium, Salmonella typhi.
		Typhus fever, by contrast, is a disease of filth.
		Typhus fever was once called "gaol fever" or "ship fever;" because it was common in preisons and on ships that had been at sea a long time.
	scarab.msu.montana.edu /historybug/WWI/TEF.htm (2678 words)

	Typhus - Health Centers - Channel3000.com \| WISC
		Typhus is an infectious disease that is spread by lice or fleas.
		Typhus is caused by one of two types of bacteria: Rickettsia typhiand Rickettsia prowazekii.
		Endemic typhus is sometimes called "jail fever." Lice and fleas of flying squirrels spread the bacteria.
	www.channel3000.com /encyclopedia/6861896/detail.html (568 words)

	typhus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The typhus group of illnesses are one of several rickettsioses or febrile exanthematous illnesses that include (in addition to the typhus group of illnesses), the spotted fever group of illnesses (Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Boutonneuse fever, North Asian tick typhus, and rickettsial pox), Q fever, trench fever, and erlichiosis.
		Scrub typhus is transmitted by the bite of mites or chiggers infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi (of the family Rickettsiaceae) and is found in most areas of Asia.
		Endemic (murine) typhus is transmitted by the bite of fleas infected with Rickettsia typhi.
	www3.baylor.edu /~Charles_Kemp/typhus.htm (683 words)

	eMedicine - Typhus : Article by Jason F Okulicz, MD
		This occurs in scrub typhus in the region of the arthropod bite and inoculation.
		Typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by rickettsial organisms.
		Murine typhus is caused by R typhi, and the vector is the rat or cat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis, Ctenocephalides felis).
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic2332.htm (3285 words)

	typhus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Endemic foci of epidemic typhus exist in highland populations in Africa and South America, but tourists are at minimal risk of acquiring lice and disease.
		Tick typhus, actually a form of spotted fever, is not uncommon in travelers who spend time trekking or on safari in Africa or the Indian subcontinent.
		Scrub typhus is spread by mites that feed on infected rodents and exists mainly on Pacific islands and in southeast and east Asia.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Disease/typhus.html (574 words)

	Typhus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This form of typhus is also known as "prison fever" and as "ship fever", because it becomes prevalent in crowded conditions in prisons and aboard ships.
		In tropical countries, typhus is often mistaken for dengue fever.
		Epidemic typhus is one of the strongest candidates for the cause of this disease outbreak, supported by both medical and scholarly opinions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Typhus (962 words)

	Typhus - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Group of acute, arthropod borne infections caused by rickettsiae; includes epidemic (classic or louse-borne) typhus, its recrudescent form, and murine (endemic or flea-borne) typhus; all are characterized by severe headache, chills, high fever, stupor, and rash.
		Typhus is a name given to several similar diseases caused by Rickettsia bacteria.
		Endemic typhus (also called "flea-borne typhus" and "murine typhus") is caused by Rickettsia typhi, transmitted by fleas infesting rats, and, less often, Rickettsia felis, transmitted by fleas carried by cats or possums.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /t/typhus/intro.htm (815 words)

	Typhus Disease Profile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Zinsser (1934) stated, "Typhus had come to be the inevitable and expected companion of war and revolution; no encampment, no campaigning army, and no besieged city escaped it." Rickettsia prowazekii (da Rocha-Lima), a bacterialike organism, causes the dreadful disease.
		It transmits typhus to humans and humans return the "favor" by infecting the louse, which is also a victim of the disease, seldom surviving its attack.
		Typhus truly is a disease of humans and lice; no animal reservoirs are known to be involved in the disease cycle.
	scarab.msu.montana.edu /historybug/typhus.htm (378 words)

	Wikinfo \| Typhus
		See Typhus (monster) for the monster in Greek mythology, or typhoid fever for a totally different disease that because of its similar name is often confused with it.
		Typhus is a name given to several similar diseases caused by Rickettsiae bacteria.
		Endemic typhus (also called "flea-borne typhus" and "murine typhus") is caused by Rickettsia typhi, transmitted by fleas infesting rats, and, less often, Rickettsia felis, transmitted by fleas carried by cats or opossums.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Typhus (382 words)

	eMedicine - Typhus : Article Excerpt by: Jason F Okulicz, MD
		Background: Typhus refers to a group of infectious diseases that are caused by rickettsial organisms and result in an acute febrile illness.
		The principle diseases of this group are epidemic or louse-borne typhus and its recrudescent form known as Brill-Zinser disease, murine typhus, and scrub typhus.
		Pathophysiology: Epidemic typhus is the prototypical infection of the typhus group of diseases, and the pathophysiology of this illness is representative of the entire category.
	www.emedicine.com /med/byname/typhus.htm (583 words)

	OPHEPR; Typhus Fever - Frequently Asked Questions
		Typhus fever is a potentially fatal, infectious disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia prowazekii.
		Typhus fever is transmitted by body lice, which become contagious by feeding on the blood of infected humans.
		Typhus fever is considered dangerous and could be used as a biological weapon.
	www.azdhs.gov /phs/edc/edrp/es/typhusfeverf.htm (373 words)

	Typhus: essential data
		Typhus is transmitted by the bite of a number of fleas, of which the most important is the Oriental rat flea Xenopsylla cheopis and several related genera, but also by the rat louse Polyplax spinulosa and some other ectoparasites that are not fleas.
		Typhus is associated with squalor and although largely unknown in the US it has been found among the homeless.
		Typhus appears to be a relatively new disease with the first reliable description is from the Spanish siege of Moorish Granada in 1489.
	www.cbwinfo.com /Biological/Pathogens/RP.html (982 words)

	Typhus : Raleigh, Cary, Clayton, North Carolina NC
		Typhus is an infectious disease which is transmitted by lice or fleas and characterized by high fever, a transient rash, and fairly severe illness.
		Typhus is a rickettsial disease caused by one of two organisms, Rickettsia prowazekii (epidemic typhus and Brill disease) and Rickettsia typhi (murine or endemic typhus).
		Epidemic typhus occurs in poor hygienic conditions (which is why it is sometimes called "jail fever"), usually when the temperature is cold.
	www.wakemed.org /16470.cfm (611 words)

	Rickettsial Pathogens and their Arthropod Vectors
		In the United States, a drastic increase of murine typhus in the 1940s, Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) in the late 1970s, and the human ehrlichioses in the 1990s attests to the potential emergence of these infections in populations at risk (3).
		Murine typhus occurs in epidemics or has a high prevalence, is often unrecognized and substantially underreported, and although it may be clinically mild, can cause severe and even fatal cases (19).
		Reported cases of murine typhus in the United States are from south and central Texas and the Los Angeles and Orange County area of California (21-25).
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol4no2/azad.htm (3672 words)

	Department of Agriculture \| Typhus Fever - Rickettsia prowazekii
		Transmission of epidemic typhus occurs by arthropod vectors.
		The onset of epidemic typhus is often sudden.
		Epidemic typhus is usually diagnosed by serology; a fourfold rise in titer is diagnostic.
	www.state.nj.us /agriculture/divisions/ah/diseases/typhus.html (1099 words)

	MDTravel Health - Typhus
		Louse-borne typhus may cause epidemics in refugee camps or any other situation that results in overcrowding and difficulty maintaining personal cleanliness, so that people become infested with lice and readily pass them to one another.
		Typhus also occurs sporadically in the highlands and cooler areas of Africa, Asia, and Central and South America.
		Decontamination and delousing of all typhus patients and their clothing is essential to prevent spread.
	www.mdtravelhealth.com /infectious/typhus.html (203 words)

	Typhus fever (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Typhus fever is a disease often found in lice and caused by bacteria.
		Conditions that favor the life cycle of lice, such as crowding, poor hygiene and colder climates, increase the risk of being infected with this potentially fatal disease.
		Due to these conditions Typhus is often present in times of war and poverty.
	www.fortworthgov.org /Health/threats/fs/typhus.asp (401 words)

	Typhus
		Several different illnesses called "typhus" exist, all of them caused by one of the bacteria in the family Rickettsiae.
		Brill-Zinsser disease is a reactivation of an earlier infection with epidemic typhus.
		Scrub typhus occurs commonly in the southwest Pacific, southeast Asia, and Japan.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/typhus.jsp (860 words)

	Scrub typhus - WrongDiagnosis.com
		An acute infectious disease caused by ORIENTIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI.
		Scrub typhus is a form of typhus caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted by chiggers, which are found in areas of heavy scrub vegetation.
		An early attempt to create a scrub typhus vaccine occurred in the United Kingdom in 1937 (with the Wellcome Foundation infecting around 300,000 cotton rats in a classified project called "Operation Tyburn"), but the vaccine was not used.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /s/scrub_typhus/intro.htm (510 words)

	STEFAN KRYNSKI, EUGENIUSZ BECLA, MARIAN MACHEL - WEIGL'S METHOD OF INTRARECTAL INOCULATION OF LICE IN RODUCTION OF ...
		The first effective vaccine against typhus was made from stomachs of lice infected with Rickettsia prowazeki and the inventor of intrarectal technique of infecting these insects was Rudolf Weigl (1883-1957), an eminent Polish scientist, a professor of University of Lwów, Cracow nd Poznan [29].
		Typhus rickettsiae can be measured by virtue of their capacity to cause infection in louse.
		Typhus in vaccinated people has a different course than the classic one, as it was found by Mosing [43].
	www.lwow.home.pl /Weigl/krynski/teoria.html (8475 words)

	Typhus \| AHealthyMe.com
		Epidemic typhus is caused by Rickettsia prowazekii, which is carried by body lice.
		Because of this fact, this form of typhus occurs simultaneously in large numbers of individuals living within the same community; that is, in epidemics.
		This type of typhus occurs when cold weather, poverty, war, and other disasters result in close living conditions that encourage the maintenance of a population of lice living among humans.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/typhus (869 words)

	MAINTENANCE OF HUMAN-FED LIVE LICE IN THE LABORATORY AND PRODUCTION OF WEIGL'S EXANTHEMATOUS TYPHUS VACCINE
		Before the era of vaccination and effective insect control, the louse-transmitted typhus was one of the major infectious diseases and a cause of disastrous epidemics.
		Although at present, typhus does not appear to be of any major epidemiological importance, this disease was responsible for major epidemics and death of millions, up to the second half of the 20-th century.
		Typhus has contributed also to the defeat of Napoleon III in the war with Prussia, when the fortress of Metz had to surrender because of the epidemics.
	www.lwow.home.pl /Weigl.html (6596 words)

	Scrub typhus
		The infection is called scrub typhus because it generally occurs after exposure to areas with secondary (scrub) vegetation.
		Differentiating scrub typhus from other forms of typhus as well as from fever, typhoid and meningococcal infections is often difficult during the first several days before the initial rash appears.
		The geographical location of scrub typhus, the initial sore caused by the chigger bite, and the occurrence of specific proteins capable of destroying the organism (antibodies) in the blood, provide helpful clues and are useful in establishing the diagnosis.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/scrub_typhus.jsp (1415 words)

	Typhus, epidemic definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Typhus, epidemic: A severe acute disease with prolonged high fever up to 40° C (104° F), intractable headache, and a pink-to-purple raised rash, due to infection with a microorganism called Rickettsia prowazekii.
		Anne Frank died of epidemic typhus in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
		Epidemic typhus is also known as classic typhus, European typhus, jail fever, louse-borne typhus, ship fever.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5881 (227 words)

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