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Topic: Typhus (disease)

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Typhus

Endemic typhus

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Scrub typhus

Epidemic typhus

Rickettsia prowazekii

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	Bacterial Infections and Mycoses - illness-disease.com - Diseases, Medical care, Illness
		Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anth...
		Scrub typhus is an acute, febrile, infectious illness caused by Rickettsia tsutsugamushi,...
		Lyme disease is a bacterial disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi (boar-ELL-ee-uh burg-do...
	www.illness-disease.com /cat/13-Bacterial-Infections-and-Mycoses (267 words)

	Typhus - MSN Encarta
		Also called European, or classic, typhus, this is the most virulent of the three diseases and has occurred in widespread epidemics during wartime or other periods when sanitation has not been strictly observed.
		Epidemic typhus is caused by the bacillus Rickettsia prowazeki, which is transmitted by the body louse and less commonly by the head louse.
		Endemic typhus is transmitted by the rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761569299/Typhus.html (510 words)

	eMedicine - Typhus : Article by Jason F Okulicz, MD
		Pathophysiology: Epidemic typhus is the prototypical infection of the typhus group of diseases, and the pathophysiology of this illness is representative of the entire category.
		This occurs in scrub typhus in the region of the arthropod bite and inoculation.
		Typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by rickettsial organisms.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic2332.htm (3101 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Typhus
		Typhus is an infectious disease that is spread by lice or fleas.
		Typhus is caused by one of two types of bacteria: Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia prowazekii.
		Rickettsia prowazekii causes epidemic typhus and Brill-Zinsser disease.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001363.htm (586 words)

	Typhus Disease Profile (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Zinsser (1934) stated, "Typhus had come to be the inevitable and expected companion of war and revolution; no encampment, no campaigning army, and no besieged city escaped it." Rickettsia prowazekii (da Rocha-Lima), a bacterialike organism, causes the dreadful disease.
		It transmits typhus to humans and humans return the "favor" by infecting the louse, which is also a victim of the disease, seldom surviving its attack.
		Typhus truly is a disease of humans and lice; no animal reservoirs are known to be involved in the disease cycle.
	scarab.msu.montana.edu /historybug/typhus.htm (378 words)

	TYPHUS FEVER ON THE EASTERN FRONT (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Typhoid fever is a disease of the gastrointestinal tract caused by a bacterium, Salmonella typhi.
		Typhus fever, by contrast, is a disease of filth.
		Typhus fever was once called "gaol fever" or "ship fever;" because it was common in preisons and on ships that had been at sea a long time.
	scarab.msu.montana.edu /historybug/WWI/TEF.htm (2678 words)

	Gas Chambers: Typhus and the Jews
		Typhus in recent centuries has afflicted primarily the countries of Eastern Europe during wartime, especially during cold weather when soldiers and civilians are least inclined to endure the brief discomfort of bathing or cleaning their clothing.
		All cases on admission to hospital for typhus were closely shaved and consequently it was possible to sit in a cafe and determine the proportion of women with closely cropped heads to the general population and so to estimate roughly the amount of typhus in the region.
		Epidemic typhus fever, is, classically, associated with famine and overcrowding, but there is a third factor which, to my mind, is perhaps of even greater importance, namely, widespread movements of military or civilian populations bringing non-immunes into a district where the disease is endemic or carrying the disease into a typhus-free region.
	www.codoh.com /gcgv/gcgvtyph.html (12888 words)

	Typhus Information on Healthline
		Typhus is an infectious disease which is transmitted by lice or fleas and characterized by high
		Typhus is a rickettsial disease caused by one of two organisms, Rickettsia prowazekii (epidemic typhus and Brill disease) and Rickettsia typhi (murine or endemic typhus).
		Brill-Zinsser disease is a mild form of epidemic typhus, caused by reactivation of the disease in the body of someone who has been previously infected after a long period of dormancy.
	www.healthline.com /adamcontent/typhus (515 words)

	Wikinfo \| Typhus
		See Typhus (monster) for the monster in Greek mythology, or typhoid fever for a totally different disease that because of its similar name is often confused with it.
		This form of typhus is also known as "prison fever" and as "ship fever", because it becomes prevalent in crowded conditions in prisons and aboard ships.
		Endemic typhus (also called "flea-borne typhus" and "murine typhus") is caused by Rickettsia typhi, transmitted by fleas infesting rats, and, less often, Rickettsia felis, transmitted by fleas carried by cats or opossums.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Typhus (382 words)

	Typhus: essential data
		Typhus is transmitted by the bite of a number of fleas, of which the most important is the Oriental rat flea Xenopsylla cheopis and several related genera, but also by the rat louse Polyplax spinulosa and some other ectoparasites that are not fleas.
		Typhus is associated with squalor and although largely unknown in the US it has been found among the homeless.
		Typhus appears to be a relatively new disease with the first reliable description is from the Spanish siege of Moorish Granada in 1489.
	www.cbwinfo.com /Biological/Pathogens/RP.html (982 words)

	Typhus - history typhus fever ships
		This new york history typhus fever ships form of typhus is also queensland typhus known as "prison fever" and as "ship fever", because it becomes prevalent in crowded conditions in prisons and aboard ships.
		Endemic typhus fever typhus (also called "flea-borne typhus" and "murine typhus") is caused by Rickettsia typhi, transmitted by fleas infesting rats, and, less often, Rickettsia felis, transmitted by fleas carried by murine typhus fever cats or possums.
		A disease is any abnormal condition of the body or mind that causes discomfort, dysfunction, or distress to the person affected or those in contact with the person.
	www.medicalgeo.com /Med-Diseases-T/Typhus.html (571 words)

	Typhus and the Jews
		Typhus in recent centuries has afflicted primarily the countries of Eastern Europe during wartime, especially during cold weather when soldiers and civilians are least inclined to give up the warmth of their clothes to bathe or clean their clothes.
		All cases on admission to hospital for typhus were closely shaved and consequently it was possible to sit in a cafe and determine the proportion of women with closely cropped heads to the general population and so to estimate roughly the amount of typhus in the region.
		Epidemic typhus fever, is, classically, associated with famine and overcrowding, but there is a third factor which, to my mind, is perhaps of even greater importance, namely, widespread movements of military or civilian populations bringing non-immunes into a district where the disease is endemic or carrying the disease into a typhus-free region.
	www.wearcam.org /decon/required_to_bathe_weekly_v08p433_Berg.html (17181 words)

	typhus
		The typhus group of illnesses are one of several rickettsioses or febrile exanthematous illnesses that include (in addition to the typhus group of illnesses), the spotted fever group of illnesses (Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Boutonneuse fever, North Asian tick typhus, and rickettsial pox), Q fever, trench fever, and erlichiosis.
		Scrub typhus is transmitted by the bite of mites or chiggers infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi (of the family Rickettsiaceae) and is found in most areas of Asia.
		Endemic (murine) typhus is transmitted by the bite of fleas infected with Rickettsia typhi.
	www3.baylor.edu /~Charles_Kemp/typhus.htm (683 words)

	Typhus Summary
		The typhus vaccine, developed by Hans Zinsser in 1932, is based on dead microorganisms which stimulate the body's immune system to produce antibodies to the antigens carried on the surfaces of the dead cells.
		The bacteria that cause epidemic typhus, for instance, are transmitted by the human body louse; the bacteria that cause endemic typhus are transmitted by the Oriental rat flea; and bacteria causing scrub typhus are transmitted by chiggers.
		Typhus seems to be a disease of war, poverty, and famine.
	www.bookrags.com /Typhus (2561 words)

	CDC - Yellow Book: [4] Rickettsial Infections - CDC Travelers' Health
		Epidemic typhus and trench fever, which are caused by Rickettsia prowazkeii and Bartonella quintanta, respectively, are transmitted from one person to another by the human body louse.
		Contemporary outbreaks of both diseases are rare in most developed countries and generally occur only in communities and populations in which body louse infestations are frequent (typically seen in refugee and prisoner populations, particularly during wars or famine).
		With the exception of the louse-borne diseases described above, for which contact with infectious arthropod feces is the primary mode of transmission (through autoinoculation into a wound or inhalation), travelers and health-care providers are generally not at risk of becoming infected via exposure to an ill person.
	www2.ncid.cdc.gov /travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=rickettsial.htm (1830 words)

	Typhus Encyclopedia of Medicine - Find Articles
		Because of this fact, this form of typhus occurs simultaneously in large numbers of individuals living within the same community; that is, in epidemics.
		This type of typhus occurs when cold weather, poverty, war, and other disasters result in close living conditions which encourage the maintenance of a population of lice living among humans.
		Brill-Zinsser disease is a reactivation of an earlier infection with epidemic typhus.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0014/ai_2601001415 (868 words)

	Typhus Disease Profile
		Zinsser (1934) stated, "Typhus had come to be the inevitable and expected companion of war and revolution; no encampment, no campaigning army, and no besieged city escaped it." Rickettsia prowazekii (da Rocha-Lima), a bacterialike organism, causes the dreadful disease.
		It transmits typhus to humans and humans return the "favor" by infecting the louse, which is also a victim of the disease, seldom surviving its attack.
		Typhus truly is a disease of humans and lice; no animal reservoirs are known to be involved in the disease cycle.
	entomology.montana.edu /historybug/typhus.htm (378 words)

	Insects and Disease
		Non-contagious, infectious disease, caused by a virus, and characterized by headache, backache, and in severe cases by high fever, jaundice, and death.
		Plague is primarily a disease of rodents, and infections of man are accidental.
		The disease has proven to be extremely difficult to treat and prevent and control of the flies is not practical.
	www.ndsu.nodak.edu /entomology/topics/disease.htm (1468 words)

	Typhus FAQ
		Typhus is a louse-borne disease that killed about 1/3 of those infected, and malnutrition and disease made it worse.
		Typhus is more specifically known as epidemic typhus, and differentiated from murine typhus and scrub typhus.
		It appears that typhus is as great a threat to Grantville, the United States, and indeed to the CPE as are invading armies - although the two go together, as invading armies are the typical vector for propagation of the disease.
	homepage.mac.com /msb/163x/faqs/typhus.html (2291 words)

	Insect Borne Diseases - The Travel Doctor
		Insects are capable of spreading diseases caused by many different types of micro-organisms including bacteria, viruses, protozoans, etc. In these instances it is the micro-organism that is the pathogen (disease causer) and the insect involved is known as the vector.
		All forms of typhus fever are caused by tiny organisms called rickettsiae which are passed on to humans by various types of insects including lice (epidemic), fleas (endemic), mites (scrub) and ticks.
		The causative organism is a bacterium (Yersinia Pestis) and it is primarily a disease of rodents especially rats.
	www.traveldoctor.co.uk /insects.htm (1906 words)

	Article Dashboard Directory \| Submit Articles \| Search Find Free Content \| Author Submission
		Typhus is one of several similar diseases that is caused by the Rickettsiae bacteria.
		Scrub typhus, or "chigger-borne typhus", is transmitted and caused by chiggers.
		Types of Typhus and Their Symptoms by Tyler Typhus is one of several similar diseases that is caused by the Rickettsiae bacteria.
	www.articledashboard.com /ezineready.php?id=5071 (800 words)

	typhus (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The disease is spread by ticks, mites, fleas, or lice, each agent having a distinct epidemiology, but all causing a disease with signs similar to a bad cold with fever lasting form one to several weeks, chills, headache, and muscle pains, as well as a body rash.
		Endemic foci of epidemic typhus exist in highland populations in Africa and South America, but tourists are at minimal risk of acquiring lice and disease.
		Scrub typhus is spread by mites that feed on infected rodents and exists mainly on Pacific islands and in southeast and east Asia.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Disease/typhus.html (574 words)

	MAINTENANCE OF HUMAN-FED LIVE LICE IN THE LABORATORY AND PRODUCTION OF WEIGL'S EXANTHEMATOUS TYPHUS VACCINE
		Before the era of vaccination and effective insect control, the louse-transmitted typhus was one of the major infectious diseases and a cause of disastrous epidemics.
		Although at present, typhus does not appear to be of any major epidemiological importance, this disease was responsible for major epidemics and death of millions, up to the second half of the 20-th century.
		Typhus has contributed also to the defeat of Napoleon III in the war with Prussia, when the fortress of Metz had to surrender because of the epidemics.
	www.lwow.home.pl /Weigl.html (6596 words)

	Parasites & Disease
		The Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta, Georgia state that this flying squirrel-specific typhus (Rickettsia prowazekii) is endemic to parts of the eastern United States, but this disease rarely is passed on to humans (since 1976, only 30 cases have been reported, and not all were confirmed to be passed on by flying squirrels).
		The isolation of the typhus organism in flying squirrels was discovered while studies were being done on the ecology of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in Virginia and Florida in the 1970s.
		Typhus can be a severe disease and persons who are unable to take tetracycline because of pregnancy or allergic reactions are recommended to avoid handling flyers and flyer nests, or to rigidly adhere to the use of protective barrier equipment.
	www.flyingsquirrels.com /parasites.html (1105 words)

	Department of Agriculture \| Typhus Fever - Rickettsia prowazekii
		Transmission of epidemic typhus occurs by arthropod vectors.
		As the disease progresses, the rash usually becomes dark and maculopapular or, in severe cases, petechial and hemorrhagic.
		Epidemic typhus is usually diagnosed by serology; a fourfold rise in titer is diagnostic.
	www.state.nj.us /agriculture/divisions/ah/diseases/typhus.html (1099 words)

	Typhus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Typhus is any one of several similar diseases caused by Rickettsia bacteria.
		Typhus also arrived in Europe with soldiers who had been fighting on the isle of Cyprus.
		Fatalities were generally between 10 to 40 percent of those infected, and the disease was a major cause of death for those nursing the sick.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Typhus (961 words)

	Scrub typhus
		Scrub typhus is an infectious disease that is transmitted to humans from field mice and rats through the bite of mites that live on the animals.
		Differentiating scrub typhus from other forms of typhus as well as from fever, typhoid and meningococcal infections is often difficult during the first several days before the initial rash appears.
		The geographical location of scrub typhus, the initial sore caused by the chigger bite, and the occurrence of specific proteins capable of destroying the organism (antibodies) in the blood, provide helpful clues and are useful in establishing the diagnosis.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/scrub_typhus.jsp (1542 words)

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