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Topic: Tyrian purple

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	Saudi Aramco World : Tyrian Purple
		Tyrian purple was praised by prophets and poets.
		The term "born to the purple" to this day has the connotation of high or royal birth because during the Byzantine period empresses bore their royal offspring in special chambers draped in the opulence of purple cloth.
		Tyrian purple was imitated at various places in the Middle East, Italy, North Africa, and in the Canary Islands, but nowhere could the color be equalled.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/196007/tyrian.purple.htm (1620 words)

	THE USE OF TYRIAN PURPLE IN THE WALL PAINTINGS OF THERA
		Tyrian purple, one of the most prestigious and well-known natural dyes throughout its historically documented use, has always been famed both for its exquisite colour which acquired symbolic attributes and the specialised knowledge required in its production, raising its price over time.
		The sparse use of Tyrian purple in a very few compositions belonging to one single room is not unexpected from the technical point of view, taking into consideration the incompatibility of this organic pigment with the fresco painting technique.
		The identification of Tyrian purple in the palette of the Theran painter prompts a further study responding to both pure archaeological issues of dating, provenance and technology of preparation of the pigment and archaeometrical issues related to the exact chemical composition and the technique of application in the wall paintings.
	www.archaeometry.gr /oldv/symposium2003/pages_en/abstracts/papers/pigments/pigment11.htm (438 words)

	RSC: Mauveine - Purple in Nature
		Purple garments labelled the wearer as a wealthy or privileged individual.
		With the discovery that it was possible to produce purple dye from lichen (Rocella) the use of the Royal or Tyrian purple declined.
		In 2003 a new species of purple frog was discovered by two scientists in India.
	www.rsc.org /Chemsoc/Activities/Perkin/2006/minisite_perkin_nature.html (298 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Tyrian purple (Greek:, porphyra, Latin: purpura), also known as royal purple or imperial purple, is a purple-red dye which was first produced by the ancient Phoenicians in the city of Tyre.
		Tyrian purple was expensive: the fourth-century BC historian Theopompus reported, "Purple for dyes fetched its weight in silver at Colophon" in Asia Minor.
		As well as Tyrian purple, the Phoenicians also made a purple-blue indigo dye, referred to as royal blue or hyacinth purple, which was made from a closely-related species of marine snail.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Tyrian_purple (970 words)

	Chapter Typesetter <i>to</i> Tzetze of T by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition)
		The bright-eyed perch with fins of Tyrian dye.
		a celebrated purple dye prepared in ancient Tyre from several mollusks, especially Ianthina, Murex, and Purpura.
		A beginner in learning; one who is in the rudiments of any branch of study; a person imperfectly acquainted with a subject; a novice.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1211/24362/5.html (210 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - A brief history of purple (work in progress) - A444700
		Purple is a precious colour associated with regal luxury because whilst fairly abundant in nature purple was for many milennia a difficult colour to produce in paint or dye.
		Tyrian purple was produced from the shells of the concholepas mollusk "Chanque," and a thier purple pigment was a highly prized export.
		Purple is a very bright and jolly colour, with a tonal range from lilac to mauve, indigo to magenta, and hundreds of shades in between.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/alabaster/A444700 (783 words)

	Online Etymology Dictionary
		Tyrian purple, produced around Tyre, was prized as dye for royal garments.
		Used in ancient Greece of a blue gem, perhaps sapphire, and of a purple or deep red flower, but exactly which one is unknown (gladiolus, iris, and larkspur have been suggested).
		The outer garment of a Roman citizen in time of peace; toga prætexta had a broad purple border and was worn by children, magistrates, persons engaged in sacred rites, and later also emperors; toga virilis, the "toga of manhood," was assumed by boys at puberty.
	www.etymonline.com /index.php?search=purple (640 words)

	When I Am an Old Woman, I Shall Wear Purple: Using Color in Your Writing by K. L. Oberst
		Outside the crayon box are indigo, lilac, purple, eggplant, mauve, magenta, claret, burgundy, and the old Tyrian purple, made and exported by the people of Tyre, and known to the wealthy of the Roman Empire.
		A piece of writing can have a "purple passage," which is defined by Webster as "a passage conspicuous for brilliance or effectiveness in a work that is dull, commonplace, or uninspired." Not at all the connotation of "purple prose", which is overly dramatic and emotional.
		Purple is a mountain, distant, regal, and majestic.
	www.quotelady.com /writings/purple.html (635 words)

	Renaissance Color Myths - Renaissance
		Feeding this myth is a decree by Queen Elizabeth in 1507 that “None shall wear in his apparel cloth of gold or silver tissued, silk of color purple under the degree of an earl, except Knights of the Garter in their purple mantles only”.
		The color purple of question in the renaissance was actually called Tyrian purple.
		Tyrian purple, according to Pliny the Elder in his writings Natural History, was actually “...
	www.bellaonline.com /articles/art49141.asp (524 words)

	bibliography of Tyrian purple
		Precursors of 6,6'-Dibromoindigotin (Tyrian Purple) from the mollusc Dicathais Orbita Gmelin
		The identification of the conchylian purple dyestuff in the form of a pigment, found applied on the wall paintings at Akrotiri of Thera, is shown to be of equal importance as being the earliest tangible evidence in the Aegean for the development of the vat dyeing technology in the early Late Bronze Age.
		Tyrian purple, 6,6'-dibromoindigo, was easily obtained by three steps of reactions from the commercially available 6-bromoindole, on the basis of a biosynthetic pathway of indigo and biological precursors of the purple.
	www.chriscooksey.demon.co.uk /tyrian/cjcbiblio.html (11717 words)

	The Science of Purple - SPARK - RollerCoaster & The Lab (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Purple is a colour usually associated with mystery and luxury.
		Tyrian purple was a very valuable dye because it was so rare.
		Lichen purple was popular until it was replaced by a synthetic purple made from an oily, poisonous liquid called aniline.
	www.abc.net.au /spark/scienceof/purple.htm (425 words)

	Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, page 529 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Purple robes were used at an early date by the Greeks as a mark of dignity.
		The robes of the general were dyed in purple (see paluda-mentum); so also was the gold-embroidered mantle worn by one who celebrated a triumph.
		For a long time home-purple was used; Tyrian purple was not introduced till the middle of the 1st century B.C., and from that time it became a luxury.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /seyffert/0532.html (803 words)

	Marginal Revolution: Royal Purple
		A Toga's worth of Tyrian purple die, about 1.5 grams, required the beating, drying and extracting of mucus from the hypobranchial gland of some twelve thousand Murex mollusks.
		Purple is an interesting example of a snob or Veblen good because it is clear that if purple had not been expensive it would not have been greatly desired.
		If purple paint were say 25 or 50% more expensive then people would switch to substitutes but make it 500 or 1000 times as expensive and it becomes a fashion statement.
	www.marginalrevolution.com /marginalrevolution/2004/08/royal_purple.html (489 words)

	Purple Fashion Trends for Autumn 2006 Winter 2007
		Purple is one of the jewel colours of autumn 2006.
		Tyrian purple of thousands of years ago was once a much warmer puce colour with hints of crimson.
		Purple is a colour associated with the calendar month of February and the star sign of Pisces.
	www.fashion-era.com /trends_2007a/2007_new_trends_purple_clothes_fall_2006.htm (1521 words)

	Indigo Page
		Tyrian Purple, also known as Royal purple, was made from a secretion gathered from various marine molluscs, such as Murex trunculus and Murex brandaris.
		Tyrian Purple can also be used to make a blue dye but the plant form of indigo is much cheaper and the colour identical.
		Tyrian Purple, is so closely related to indigo that the two molecules are almost identical.
	www.indigopage.com /chemistry.htm (607 words)

	Best purple Gift Baskets
		To obtain one ounce of Tyrian purple dye, she had her servants soak 20,000 Purpura snails for 10 days.
		Purple robes are an emblem of authority and rank.
		Purple in a child's room is said to help develop the imagination according to color theory.
	www.berrettigifts.com /purple.shtml (189 words)

	PURPLE POTThe color of kings can add a royal flush to your herb. :: hightimes.com
		However, purpling is as natural as the changing colors on the leaves of deciduous trees in autumn, which is attributed in part to the pigment anthocyanin.
		The first degree of natural purpling in cannabis could be characterized as occurring exclusively in the leaves and petioles: the colors of autumn appearing in the fan leaves during cooler temperatures and close to harvest.
		As I raise a toast of vapor from purple bubble hash nested upon a bed of purple kind filtered through purple bubble water, I feel not unlike a king, and I decree: May the royal purple herb grace your garden, and may we all be blessed with life’s little luxuries.
	www.hightimes.com /ht/grow/content.php?bid=95&aid=2 (1809 words)

	KREMER Pigments:
		Tyrian purple was one of the most costly organic colouring matters of the ancients.
		Tyrian purple was used in the preparation of a purple ink and in dyeing parchments upon which the codices of Byzantium were written.
		Whelks that produce the purple dye, are also found on the coasts of the British Isles, and they furnished the purple colour for some of the early English, Irish and French manuscripts (Thompson).
	www.kremer-pigmente.de /intl.catalog/36010e.htm (180 words)

	Last Exhibit, Charlotte Jackson Fine Art, Contemporary American and European Art
		Purple Rain (taken from the modern Don of purple, rock-star Prince) will be an opportunity to explore a diversity of purple in a variety of mediums.
		Purple itself has a long history, dating back to the first man-made version, Tyrian Purple, made from a dye using a variety of sea snail by the Minoans.
		Through the centuries what has passed for “common” purple has shifted, from the medium-dark red violet Tyrian purple to the bluer Royal purple, to Artist purple, which leans to the magenta, to the popular psychedelic purple of the 60’s.
	www.charlottejackson.com /last_exhibit.htm (461 words)

	Tyrian - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Jezebel, Tyrian princess, daughter of Ethbaal, king of Tyre (now Sur, Lebanon) and Sidon (now Saida, Lebanon), and wife of Ahab, king of Israel....
		Rock Shell, common name for a family of marine snails, usually characterized by spiny, strong, and thick shells.
		Ahab married Jezebel, a Tyrian princess, and through her...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Tyrian.html (102 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Tyrian
		Tyrian The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology...
		Natural dyes are so called because they are obtained from plants (e.g., alizarin, catechu, indigo, and logwood), from animals (e.g., cochineal, kermes, and Tyrian purple), and from...
		I won't live with Jemima, says Imran's lovechild; Tyrian, 12, goes to court for the right to stay with her aunt in America.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Tyrian (823 words)

	C&EN: IT'S ELEMENTAL: THE PERIODIC TABLE - BROMINE
		While scarlet was derived from an insect, both purple and blue were extracted from a snail, and the bromine atom plays a fascinating role in the creation of these colors.
		Back then, Tyrian purple adorned the clothing of priests and kings, and was adored by the multitudes for its intensity and permanence.
		In ancient Rome, emperors were said to "take the purple upon themselves" as they dressed in royal togas dyed completely purple, and the historian Pliny cites "the mad lust for purple" at that time.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/80th/print/bromine.html (931 words)

	History, Shellfish, Royalty, and the Color Purple
		A dictionary defines purple as “any of a group of colors with a hue between that of violet and red”; and as a “symbol of royalty or high office.” Historically, the color purple has been associated with royalty and power, but the secret of its power lies in the glands of tiny shellfish creatures.
		The earliest archaeological evidence for the origins of purple dyes points to the Minoan civilization in Crete, about 1900 B.C. The ancient land of Canaan (its corresponding Greek name was Phoenicia, which means “land of the purple”) was the center of the ancient purple dye industry.
		“Tyrian Purple,” the purple dye of the ancients mentioned in texts dating back to about 1600 B.C., was produced from the mucus of the hypobranchial gland of various species of marine mollusks, notably Murex.
	pffc-online.com /mag/paper_history_shellfish_royalty (633 words)

	Housam Binous: Recent Studies of Cartheginian Era Tyrian Purple Artifacts
		Purple industry has such a scale that Pliny considered that Mininx purple was among the most beautiful ones.
		It is constituted of purple clay earth, conical shells with an elliptical base of the Patella genus and granules of wood coal.
		Purple's origins are marine gastropods of the Murex and Purpura kinds, which contain several precursors of this precious colorant: indoxyl sulfate esters non-substituted (scheme 1) and indoxyl sulfate esters substituted in the position 2 by thiomethyl and sulfonyl methyl groups.
	srs.dl.ac.uk /arch/ssrl/binous/housam-binous-ssrl-talk.htm (1677 words)

	Amethyst The Church And The Color Purple
		Although the earliest purple dyes were found in Minoan pottery glazes on the island of Crete, circa 1900 B.C., Phoenicia and its principal city of Tyr were the first to exploit the Murex’s purple dye commercially.
		Tyrian texts mention the Murex’s dye as early as 1600 B.C., from where it became Tyr’s principal source of income for 100’s of years.
		There were various kinds of trabea; one was completely purple and sacred to the gods, another was purple and white and was the royal robe worn by kings such as Romulus and later Tullus Hostilius.
	www.articledashboard.com /Article/Amethyst-The-Church-And-The-Color-Purple/110333 (904 words)

	Dyes and Dyeing
		The ancient Tyrian purple dye (which was really carmine or magenta) produced from Murex shells was no longer made after better and cheaper dyes were discovered, but not because this became a "lost art".
		The Tyrians used M. brandaris mostly, while M. trunculus was the principal source for most of Sidonian dyes.
		The fluid containing the dye is produced by a gland located in the mantle cavity of the snail between the rectum and the gills, and when first exuded it is a colorless or milky fluid.
	www.rsmas.miami.edu /support/lib/seas/seasQA/QAs/d/dyes.html (434 words)

	Imperial Purple, Murex brandaris, Murex trunculus Purple
		The precious colorant turn out to be true animal purple, which was, among other things, used in dyeing by the Phoenicians and the Romans.
		Purple dyeing is one of the main industries at the Phoenician and Roman Carthage.
		Purple's origins are marine gastropods of the Murex and Purpura kinds, which contain several precursors of this precious
	realcolorwheel.com /murexpurple.htm (1749 words)

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