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Topic: Tyrosine kinase

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Kinase

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Cluster of differentiation

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Insulin receptor

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Enzyme

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	Tyrosine kinase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A tyrosine kinase (EC 2.7.1.112) is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue in a protein; these enzymes are a subgroup of the larger class of protein kinases.
		The hormones that act on tyrosine kinase receptors are generally growth hormones and factors that promote cell division (e.g., insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, epidermal-derived growth factor).
		An example is PDB 1IRK, the crystal structure of the tyrosine kinase domain of the human insulin receptor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tyrosine_kinase (410 words)

	LCK - Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase LCK
		The tyrosine kinase Lck is involved in regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathways.
		The tyrosine kinase lck is critically involved in the growth transformation of human B lymphocytes.
		Pervanadate induced activation of the tyrosine kinases lck and fyn (4- and 3-fold respectively) and a dramatic increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins, notably phospholipase C gamma 1.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gi/89797.html (4294 words)

	Protein Tyrosine Kinase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Tyrosine kinases catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine hydroxyls of proteins.
		Although the number of tyrosine kinases being discovered is growing exponentially, molecular details pertaining to their substrate recognition, catalytic mechanism, and intra- and intermolecular regulation are lacking.
		Human Csk is a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase.
	www.rockefeller.edu /labheads/cole/cole-ptk.html (599 words)

	Kinase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In biochemistry, a kinase is a type of enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific target molecules (substrates); the process is termed "phosphorylation".
		Generally, the purpose of phosphorylation is to "activate" or "energize" a molecule, increasing its energy so it is able to participate in a subsequent reaction with a negative free energy change.
		The largest group of kinases is Protein kinases, which act on and modify the activity of specific proteins.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kinase (192 words)

	Etk, a Btk Family Tyrosine Kinase, Mediates Cellular Transformation by Linking Src to STAT3 Activation -- Tsai et al. ...
		with Etk was phosphorylated by Etk in an in vitro kinase assay.
		Tec protein-tyrosine kinase is an effector molecule of Lyn protein-tyrosine kinase.
		Etk/Bmx, a tyrosine kinase with a pleckstrin-homology domain, is an effector of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase and is involved in interleukin 6-induced neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells.
	mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/20/6/2043 (6759 words)

	LTK - Leukocyte tyrosine kinase receptor precursor
		Ltk is a new member of the ros/insulin receptor family of tyrosine kinases that is expressed in murine B-lymphocyte precursors and forebrain neurons.
		The ltk gene is expressed mainly in leukocytes, is related to several tyrosine kinase receptor genes of the insulin receptor family and has unique structural properties: it apparently encodes a transmembrane protein devoid of an extracellular domain.
		LTK is a homologue of Ltk (Leukocyte tyrosine kinase receptor precursor) from Mus musculus.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gi/89909.html (841 words)

	Tyrosine Kinase Activity Assay: SGT410
		Protein tyrosine kinase activity is often associated with membrane receptor protein tyrosine kinases (e.g.
		Testing of soluble and receptor tyrosine kinases, in vitro inhibitor screening and the study of PTK regulation can be performed with this assay.
		Kinase inhibitors are required for stopping the kinase reaction after incubation with the peptide substrate.
	www.chemicon.com /Product/ProductDatasheet.asp?ProductItem=SGT410 (678 words)

	Dioxin and Tyrosine Kinase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylation of Cbl may not be critical for interaction of the protein with Grb2 and Shc in the TCDD signaling pathway in primary rat hepatocytes.
		Genistein, another type of tyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibited the induction of CYP1A1 whether it was produced by omeprazole or TCDD; however, this inhibition was caused by a dual effect of genistein, that is an anti-tyrosine kinase and an anti-topoisomerase I effect.
		Kinase renaturation tests designed to detect reactivated protein kinases after electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels revealed the presence of a 60-kDa kinase in the washed immunoprecipitate obtained from liver cytosol using anti-AHR antibody (IgG) and protein A/G/agarose beads but not when a nonspecific IgG was used instead of anti-AHR antibody.
	www.bphata.com /AO_TK_1.htm (2353 words)

	Tyrosine kinase – Role and significance in Cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Tyrosine kinases are important mediators of the signaling cascade, determining key roles in diverse biological processes like growth, differentiation, metabolism and apoptosis in response to external and internal stimuli.
		The modes of oncogenic activation and the different approaches for tyrosine kinase inhibition, like small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, heat shock proteins, immunoconjugates, antisense and peptide drugs are reviewed in light of the important molecules.
		As angiogenesis is a major event in cancer growth and proliferation, tyrosine kinase inhibitors as a target for anti-angiogenesis can be aptly applied as a new mode of cancer therapy.
	www.medsci.org /v01p0101 (247 words)

	Role of Tyrosine Kinase in Serotonin-Induced Constriction of the Basilar Artery In Vivo • Editorial Comment -- ...
		kinase in constrictor responses of cerebral arteries in vivo.
		Role of protein kinase C in constrictor responses of the rat basilar artery in vivo.
		ADP- and thapsigargin-evoked Ca entry and protein tyrosine phosphorylation are inhibited by the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, genistein and 2,5-dihydroxycinnamate in fura2-loaded human platelets.
	stroke.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/29/2/494 (2613 words)

	Tyrosine Kinase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Studies of the similar gene in rat suggested that this kinase may act as a downstream effector of Cdc42 in cytoskeletal reorganization.
		Phosphorylation by receptor-specific and second messenger-activated protein kinases is a mechanism for regulation of G protein-coupled receptors.
		A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that papillary thyroid carcinoma is caused by a number of different genetic changes, particularly by chimeric oncogenes formed by fusion of the tyrosine kinase domain of the RET protooncogene (164761) to the 5-prime terminal region of another gene.
	www.ship.edu /~wjpatr/Domain_Dictionary/TyrKc_Domain.htm (640 words)

	Dioxin and Tyrosine Kinase Page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the present study, we obtained evidence indicating that c-Src protein kinase is the protein kinase activated by TCDD and that this kinase is associated specifically with the Ah-receptor-complex proteins in cytosol from adipose tissue and liver of guinea pig and liver of C57BI/6J mouse, and in NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells.
		We conclude that c-Src protein kinase is associated specifically with the AhR complex along with hsp90 in the cytosol of these cells and that upon ligand binding to the Ah-receptor subunit, c-Src is activated and released from the complex.
		Manganese-stimulated protein kinase was found to be the predominant type of nuclear protein phosphorylating activity affected by TCDD, with 60% of the total activity due to heparin-sensitive casein kinase II (CK II), a major nuclear protein kinase.
	www.bphata.com /AO_TK_2.htm (1397 words)

	tyrosine kinase inhibitors
		Chrzanowska-Wodnicka M, Burridge K (1994) “Tyrosine phosphorylation is involved in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in response to serum or LPA stimulation” J. Cell Sci.
		Ligand binding induces dimerization which activates the tyrosine kinase activity leading to receptor autophosphorylation and the initiation of signal transduction cascades involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, cell survival, angiogenesis, and invasion / metastases.
		PD 153035 is an extremely potent inhibitor of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor tyrosine kinase, with an IC50 of 25 pM.
	www.proteinkinase.de /html/tyrosine_kinase_inhibitors.html (4535 words)

	InterPro: IPR001245 Tyrosine protein kinase
		Protein kinases comprise a large family of enzymes that mediate the response of eukaryotic cells to external stimuli by phosphorylation of hydroxyamino acids.
		The enzymes fall into two broad classes, characterised with respect to substrate specificity: serine/threonine specific and tyrosine specific [ 1 ].
		Tyrosine phosphorylating activity was originally detected in two viral transforming proteins [ 2 ], but many retroviral transforming proteins and their cellular counterparts have since been shown to possess such activity.
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR001245 (2738 words)

	Bmx Tyrosine Kinase Transgene Induces Skin Hyperplasia, Inflammatory Angiogenesis, and Accelerated Wound Healing -- ...
		Ekman, N., Arighi, E., Rajantie, I., Saharinen, P., Ristimaki, A., Silvennoinen, O., and Alitalo, K. The Bmx tyrosine kinase is activated by IL-3 and G-CSF in a PI-3K dependent manner.
		Ekman, N., Lymboussaki, A., Vastrik, I., Sarvas, K., Kaipainen, A., and Alitalo, K. Bmx tyrosine kinase is specifically expressed in the endocardium and the endothelium of large arteries.
		Qiu, Y., Robinson, D., Pretlow, T., and Kung, H. Etk/Bmx, a tyrosine kinase with pleckstrin-homology domain, is an effector of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase and is involved in interleukin 6-induced neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/15/9/4226 (4733 words)

	Cancer Issues - Web-Based Cancer Research Reaps Reward
		The discovery of this mutation in what's called a "tyrosine kinase" gene may help in the development of targeted, molecular therapies to treat these deadly myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), caused by an acquired mutation in blood cells.
		Rapid, large-scale DNA sequencing was used to search for mutations in tyrosine kinase genes, which act like on-off switches for cell growth.
		Tyrosine kinases have been shown to be stuck in the "on" position in a number of cancers.
	www.cancerissues.com /ms/news/524732/main.html (458 words)

	Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Is Required For Lipopolysaccharide-induced Tumor Necrosis Factor {alpha} Production -- Horwood ...
		tyrosine kinase activity (35, 36) and therefore should be intact.
		Protein tyrosine kinase activation is required for lipopolysaccharide induction of cytokines in human blood monocytes.
		Lipopolysaccharide induces actin reorganization and tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2 and paxillin in monocytes and macrophages.
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/197/12/1603 (5197 words)

	Redox priming of the insulin receptor ß-chain associated with altered tyrosine kinase activity and insulin ...
		Redox priming of the insulin receptor ß-chain associated with altered tyrosine kinase activity and insulin responsiveness in the absence of tyrosine autophosphorylation -- Schmid et al.
		Tyrosine phosphorylation was analyzed with the monoclonal phosphotyrosine antibody 4G10 by ECL (upper panels).
		The absence of significant tyrosine phosphorylation in the insulin
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/12/10/863 (4711 words)

	Translocation of the Csk homologous kinase (Chk/Hyl) controls activity of CD36-anchored Lyn tyrosine kinase in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		(A) In vitro kinase assays of immunoprecipitates with anti-Chk
		vitro kinase assays of Lyn immunoprecipitates from the Triton-soluble
		Imamoto, A. and Soriano, P. Disruption of the csk gene, encoding a negative regulator of Src family tyrosine kinases, leads to neural tube defects and embryonic lethality in mice.
	embojournal.npgjournals.com /cgi/content/full/16/9/2342 (6839 words)

	pp125FAK tyrosine kinase activity is not required for the assembly of F-actin stress fibres and focal adhesions in ...
		pp125FAK tyrosine kinase activity is not required for the assembly of F-actin stress fibres and focal adhesions in cultured mouse aortic smooth muscle cells -- Wilson et al.
		pp125FAK tyrosine kinase activity is not required for the assembly of F-actin stress fibres and focal adhesions in cultured mouse aortic smooth muscle cells
		tyrosine kinase activity is not involved in F-actin stress fibre assembly
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/108/6/2381 (740 words)

	Txk, a Member of Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase of Tec Family, Acts as a Th1 Cell-Specific Transcription Factor and ...
		Identification of Rlk, a novel protein tyrosine kinase with predominant expression in the T cell lineage.
		itk, a T-cell-specific tyrosine kinase gene inducible by interleukin 2.
		Txk, a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase of the Tec family, is expressed in T helper type 1 cells and regulates interferon
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/168/5/2365 (4117 words)

	Expression of discoidin domain receptor 1 tyrosine kinase on the human bronchial epithelium -- Sakamoto et al. 17 (5): ...
		Role of macrophage-stimulating protein and its receptor, RON tyrosine kinase, in ciliary motility.
		Identification and chromosomal mapping of a receptor tyrosine kinase with a putative phospholipid binding sequence in its ectodomain.
		Anorphan receptor tyrosine kinase family whose members serve as nonintegrin collagen receptors.
	erj.ersjournals.com /cgi/content/full/17/5/969 (3093 words)

	News - Tyrosine Kinase-Targeted Therapy Effective Against Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours
		Imatinib mesylate is an effective treatment for metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) and may serve as a model for the use of other tyrosine kinase targeted therapies in GIST and other more common cancers, according to an American review.
		The use of imatinib in the adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting is still unclear; though a number of studies are underway.
		In addition, the potential use of other tyrosine kinase inhibitors and agents affecting the KIT pathway are also under investigation for the treatment of primary and metastatic GISTs, and may be useful in other more common cancers.
	www.docguide.com /news/content.nsf/news/8525697700573E1885256E1E003A0C1E (638 words)

	EMD Biosciences - Calbiochem - Protein Tyrosine Kinases (PTK)
		Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) play a key role in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, migration, and survival.
		The cytosolic portion of the phosphorylated receptor recruits a number of cytosolic adapter proteins via interactions between phosphorylated tyrosine residues on the receptor and the SH2 domain on the adapter molecule.
		In most cases, their activation also begins with the phosphorylation of a tyrosine residue present in an activation loop.
	www.emdbiosciences.com /html/CBC/ptk_protein_tyrosine_kinase_products_pathways.htm (609 words)

	E.C.2.7.1.112 Protein-tyrosine kinase.
		Fragment: tyrosine kinase domain, human fgfr1 residues that Possess ptk activity.
		Synonym: interleukin-2 tyrosine kinase, t-cell-specific Kinase, il-2-inducible t-cell kinase, kinase emt, kinase Tlk.
		Synonym: brutons tyrosine kinase, b cell progenitor kinase, Bpk, agammaglobulinaemia tyrosine kinase, atk.
	www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk /bsm/enzymes/ec2/ec07/ec01/ec0112 (1075 words)

	IMAP Fyn Tyrosine Kinase Assay Kit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This IMAP “binding reagent” complexes with phosphate groups on phosphopeptides generated in a kinase reaction.
		Such binding causes a change in the rate of the molecular motion of the peptide, and results in an increase in the fluorescence polarization value observed for the fluorescein label attached at the end of the peptide (Figure 1).
		This assay, unlike antibody-based kinase assays, is applicable to a wide variety of kinases without regard to the substrate peptide sequences.
	www.moleculardevices.com /pages/reagents/imap_fyn_tyr.html (315 words)

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