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Topic: Tzotzil language

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	Tzotzil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Tzotzil Maya of the central highlands of the Mexican state of Chiapas are an indigenous group, the direct descendants of the Classic Maya civilization.
		However, according to ancient Maya language, "tzotzil" could also be translated as "bat people", given the association of their culture with this animal in the view of the Mayas.
		The Tzotzil were for centuries exploited by Europeans as laborers on coffee and sugar plantations, particularly in the central valleys of the state.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tzotzil_Maya (313 words)

	Mayan languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This language is the language in which the famous Maya mythological document the Popol Wuj was written.
		The Huastec language, spoken in east-central Mexico, is part of the Mayan language family, although it is distant both linguistically and geographically from the rest of the language family.
		Inscriptions in an early Yucatecan language (antecedent to the prevalent surviving Yucatec language) are also known or proposed, particularly from the Yucatán Peninsula region and from a later period; three of the four extant Maya codices are based on Yucatec.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mayan_languages (1189 words)

	Mayan Family
		The Mayan language family comprises five sub-families and includes many languages that are spoken in Mexico, Guatemala and Belize.
		In Chiapas, all the languages are Mayan (except Zoque), as are virtually all the indigenous languages of Guatemala.
		The languages of this subfamily straddle the border between Chiapas and Guatemala.
	www.sil.org /mexico/maya/00i-maya.htm (1263 words)

	Tzotzil communities of the highland of Chiapas, huipils and embroidered blouses. Zapatista homeland.
		Tzotzil communities of the highland of Chiapas, huipils and embroidered blouses.
		According to Mexico's 2000 census, approximately 292,000 people (over the age of five) spoke the Tzotzil language which is known in Tzotzil as ´"Batsil K'op." The Tzotzil language (with six major dialects) belongs to the Tzeltalan subdivision of the Mayan language family and is closely related to its linguistic cousin Tzeltal.
		Tzotzil men who are performing year long "cargos" of voluntary service to the community generally reside in the centro on a temporary basis, then return to their parajes after the cargos are completed.
	www.mexicantextiles.com /grouppages/tzotzil.html (611 words)

	HispanicVista Columnists
		The traditional Tzotzil territory is to the northwest and southwest of the city of San Cristóbal de las Casas in the highland region of central Chiapas.
		The Tzotzil are engaged primarily in agricultural pursuits, growing chiefly corn (maize), beans, and squash.
		The Tzeltal language is concentrated in twenty of Chiapas’ 111 municipios.
	www.hispanicvista.com /hvc/Opinion/Guest_Columns/010305schmal.htm (3276 words)

	[No title]
		Students are introduced to a wide variety of natural language phenomena, drawn from languages not only closely resembling English, but also many which appear to be quite unlike English, such as those native to the Americas, Africa, Australia and the South Pacific.
		Languages vary in terms of the sounds that they use, and the ways that they put those sounds together.
		Furthermore, when learning a language, children pass through various stages in which they impose their own system on the language, and we can also find parallels between these systems and those of various languages of the world.
	www.umass.edu /linguist/courses/2002/F02_course_desc.html (1961 words)

	MEXICO BP-II.17 - Best Practices on Indigenous Knowledge
		In Tzotzil culture sheep are sacred; they are never killed or eaten, and they are given names and considered to be the ritual children of women.
		Black skirts, shawls and coats predominate among the Tzotzils, and fl sheep are highly regarded, although wool requirements for the traditional white jackets and brown ceremonial blouses give animals of these colours an important place too.
		The Tzotzil women are the experts, and the sheep scientists are the apprentices.
	www.unesco.org /most/bpik17-2.htm (2486 words)

	TRANS Nr. 15: John B. Haviland (Ciesas, Mexico / Reed College, US): Indians, languages, and linguistic accommodation in ...
		Instead of simply saying "candle" - the Tzotzil word is kantela, a clear loan from the Spanish candela (no longer in use in Chiapas Spanish, where instead the modern word is vela) - she produces a standard doublet, combining the Tzotzil toj 'pine' (as in 'pine tree') with the loanword kantela.
		One of San Cristóbal's two radio stations broadcasts in Indian languages in the early hours of the morning, and the main locutores or announcers are well-known personalities throughout the Indian highlands, spoken of as familiar friends and celebrated for their linguistic abilities in even remote villages.
		In Zinacantec Tzotzil this is suffixed to the verb stem, whereas in Chalchihuitán it is prefixed.
	www.inst.at /trans/15Nr/06_1/haviland15.htm (4719 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Comrie, B. Language universals and linguistic typology: Syntax and morphology.
		Whaley, L.J. Introduction to typology: The unity and diversity of language.
		Stassen, L. 'AND languages and WITH languages.' In: Noun phrase stucture in the languages of Europe, ed.
	www.lancs.ac.uk /fss/organisations/alt/sylplank.htm (7034 words)

	Mayan languages - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		The Mayan languages are a family of related languages spoken from South-Eastern Mexico through northern Central America as far south as Honduras.
		Although the Spanish language (and in Belize the English language) is the official language of the area today, dialects of Maya are still spoken as a primary or secondary language by over 3 million Maya people in the region today.
		The group is sometimes known as the Mayance languages, a coinage that reflects the belief that the current Maya languages bear the same relation to the speech of the classical Maya civilization as the Romance languages have to the speech of the Roman civilisation.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=182013 (868 words)

	History of Mexico - The State of Chiapas
		While Yucatec is the dominant language spoken in northern Guatemala, Belize and the Mexican states of the Yucatán Peninsula (Campeche, Quintana Roo, and Yucatán), the Western Maya language group is the dominant tongue in Chiapas.
		The Chol language, with 140,806 speakers five years of age and older in the 2000 census, is spoken by 17.39% of Chiapas' total indigenous population and is the third most common native language in that state.
		The Zoques of Chiapas call themselves "O'de püt," which signifies "people of the language," or "word of man," which may be construed to imply "authentic" or "true." According to the census of 1990, the total number of Zoque speakers in México five years of age and older numbered 43,160.
	www.houstonculture.org /mexico/chiapas.html (3385 words)

	Bible Network News :: Europe & Middle East - Scriptures now available in 24 more languages
		A new translation into the language of a minority group also has an important role to play in establishing the claim of the group for their language and culture - which until then may have been dying out to be considered as alive and viable.
		The common language Polish interconfessional New Testament and Psalms, launched in September, represented part of a joint effort by 11 churches and was hailed by Barbara Enholc-Narzynska, the General Secretary of the Bible Society in Poland, as a milestone in Polish ecumenical relations.
		December's launch of the Bible in the Tzotzil language spoken by Mexico's Chamula people came after several decades of hostilities between those adhering to 'traditional' styles of Christian expression and believers who cannot agree with the practices these entail.
	www.biblenetworknews.com /europe_middleeast/040302_england.html (1029 words)

	Umass Linguistics Department Spring 2003 Course Descriptions
		Prerequisites: LING 101 or 201 or 401 or consent of instructor.
		Both first and second language learners go through stages in which the sound patterns in their speech only partially resemble those of the languages they are learning.
		Participants will be expected to work on topics in a variety of languages and present and discuss their work in class.
	www.umass.edu /linguist/courses/2003/S03_course_desc.html (1911 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Although it was written to teach indigenous students to read, it presents the language in such a gradual manner which could easily be adopted to teaching the language to those wishing to learn it.
		Comparison with Tzeltal's sister language Tzotzil, shows that the root is tuk, but this is not used in Tzeltal without the nominal suffix -el.
		To learn the language one must recognize that there is a single meaning in all of its uses.
	www.tzeltal.org /download/smith.txt (18144 words)

	Ah! Mexico
		Anders Languages - Residential Spanish Language Courses in a pleasant and familiar atmosphere in Cuernavaca.
		This Spanish language school is accredited by The Department of Education.
		Escuela Mexicana - Escuela Mexicana is a Spanish language school located in the heart of Mexico in beautiful, historic Guanajuato.
	ahmexico.com /education/Spanish_Language_Schools (1490 words)

	AllRefer.com - Mexico - Population - Ethnicity and Language \| Mexican Information Resource
		According to Sandstorm, an Indian is someone who identifies himself as such; chooses to use an indigenous language in daily speech; remains actively involved in village communal affairs; participates in religious ceremonies rooted in native American traditions; and attempts to achieve a harmony with, rather than control over, the social and natural worlds.
		Speakers of indigenous languages constituted less than 5 percent of the population in states in the far northwest and along a central belt of states from Michoacán in the west to Tlaxcala in the east.
		The percentage climbed to between 10 and 20 percent in another contiguous grouping of states from San Luis Potosí to Guerrero, to 26 percent in Oaxaca, to 32 and 39 percent, respectively, in Quintana Roo and Chiapas, and to 44 percent in Yucatán.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/mexico/mexico44.html (1722 words)

	Modern Mexican languages and cultures
		Each family has its own 'family page', which contains information about the languages in that family and a list of the publications in or about them which are available on this site.
		When the names of language families and stocks are distinctly different from the language names, they are included in the list of names.
		The Ethnologue: an on-line catalog of the languages of Mexico and the world.
	www.sil.org /mexico/23i-Languages.htm (197 words)

	Latest News 176 -- Mexico
		Acquiring the translation also has a considerable psychological effect on the language’s speakers and, as one speaker said at the launch, “putting the spoken word into the written word in any language gives a boost to the preservation of the culture which that language carries”.
		Boxes of Tzotzil: Chamula Bibles are stacked ready to be distributed at the launch on 25 November 2001.
		These Tzotzil women are happy to have received copies of the Tzotzil: Chamula Bible at its launch on 25 November 2001.
	www.biblesociety.org /latestnews/latest176-mexico.html (768 words)

	Chamula & Zinacantan, Mexico - Wander the Planet .net
		Chamula is inhabited by the Tzotziles who speak Tzotzil, a language of the Maya family.
		Religion is a mixture of Catholism and native Tzotzil.
		Zinacantan is a Tzotzil Maya village outside of San Cristobal.
	www.wandertheplanet.net /Mexico/chamula.htm (389 words)

	Lourdes de Leon
		In his classical study of Chamula Tzotzil (Mayan) genres, Gossen documented children’s improvised games in terms of their structure as transitional to adult genres, and also as “imperfect imitations of adult behaviour” (1977: 92).
		Among Mayan studies on children’s language, this study is one of the few that looks at children’s use of verbal genres in a Mayan language.
		I later analyze how two Tzotzil speaking toddlers transform conventional dialogic repetition into language play breaking rules of politeness of the typical Tzotzil question-answer structure where the main verb of the question is repeated in the reply of the interlocutor.
	webhost.ua.ac.be /tisp/viewabstract.php?id=232 (465 words)

	Free Online Language Courses
		Word2Word is pleased to provide these links in the hope of all people developing a better understanding of others through the use of language.
		Please note that some of the courses may require your browser to have the ability to read the language being learned.
		The links we provide are to free resources; however, if you do need to purchase language learning software, tapes or books then you can visit this link.
	www.word2word.com /coursead.html (291 words)

	The Man Who Wrote The Book - SummerFall 2003 - Wabash Magazine
		Bob Laughlin, anthropologist, author, and director of the Chiapas Indigenous Theater, gave an insider’s view of the language during a talk at Na Bolom library and spent time with students in several different venues.
		Laughlin is the editor of the only dictionary of the tzotzil language ever published.
		Besides teaching us words in tzotzil, Laughlin invited us to the theater for rehearsal and even taught several in the group the "posh" ritual practiced in Chamulan villages.
	www.wabash.edu /magazine/displaystory.cfm?news_ID=1532 (148 words)

	Scripture Language Report 2001
		A new translation into the language of a minority group also has an important role to play in establishing the claim of the group for their language and culture - which until then may have been dying out - to be considered as alive and viable.
		The common language Polish interconfessional New Testament and Psalms, launched in September, represented part of a joint effort by 11 churches and was hailed by Barbara Enholc-Narzynska, the General Secretary of the Bible Society in Poland, as a milestone in Polish ecumenical relations (see World Report 365).
		A summary, by geographical area and type of publication, of the number of different languages and dialects in which publication of at least one book of the Bible had been registered as of December 31, 2001 [A few corrections were made to our language databases and are reflected in this statistical summary.
	www.biblesociety.org /latestnews/latest185-slr2001.html (968 words)

	Demographic Profile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		On such a view it is largely the unifying power of a “language: which gives its corresponding “ethnic group” its supposed identity and cohesion.
		Figures 2 and 3 show comparable population distributions fro Tseltal and Chol, with total official populations of speakers 5 years of age and older at around 280 thousand for Tseltal, and over 140 thousand for Chol.
		Two obvious conclusions can be drawn from the census statistics: (1) an important proportion of the Tzotzil, Tseltal, and Chol “ethnic groups” now lives in townships traditionally considered “not Indian”; and (2) there are many communities (or at least political entities at the level of
	academic.reed.edu /linguistics/Demographics/DemographicProfile.htm (348 words)

	NMNH AnthroNotes Fall 1996
		To record, analyze, and describe a language, a literature, a traditional history, a religion, or a system of social relations requires the cooperation and the active assistance of those who speak the language and possess the knowledge and beliefs that are recorded.
		Learning the language, he was adopted by Palowahtiwa, the Zuni governor, and given a ritual position in the Pueblo.
		Today, many Tzotzil Indians in Chiapas are producing a literature in their own language, thanks to the literacy program of the Chiapas Writers' Cooperative encouraged and assisted by Smithsonian anthropologist Robert M. Laughlin.
	www.nmnh.si.edu /anthro/outreach/anthnote/fall96/anthback.htm (7219 words)

	Laughlin, Beware the Great Horned Serpent!, University of Texas Press
		It is of extraordinary value both as a source on the Tzotzil language and as a grass-roots commentary on Spanish policy at the end of the colonial period.
		This highly original work will be of great interest to students of Mayan languages, historians of the colonial and early national periods, and anthropologists of the Maya region.
		As the Tzotzils and other Mayas of Chiapas have recently claimed a place on the stage of world events, this look at their role in an earlier period of conflict will be especially welcome.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/books/laubep.html (289 words)

	Schools For Chiapas - Quick Overview
		Students of the Summer Language Institute will live and learn in Oventic, Aguascalientes II located about 45 minutes from San Cristóbal de las Casas in the highlands of Chiapas; previous participation in an Education Caravan for Peace is required to enroll (see dates for summer caravans @ point # 6.)
		NOTE: Please be sure to mention both the session number(s) and dates when registering to participate in the Summer Language Institute at Oventic as well as the language (Spanish or Tzotzil) which you wish to study.
		The Spanish and Tzotzil Summer Language Institute at Oventic Aguascalientes II is a project of the Zapatista Rebellious Autonomous Education System of National Liberation (SERAZ-LN) and all the profits will be used to support the efforts of the indigenous peoples' of Chiapas for the construction and development of school.
	www.schoolsforchiapas.org /Past_Newsletters/2000/05-07-2000.html (1828 words)

	Global Exchange : aurora.html
		It was the Tzotzil language that surrounded us in the classroom: rich in sibilants and accented word endings, full of `l's and long `e's, a liquid language to match the streams of the high sierra that is the home of the Tzotziles.
		A language that survived the subjugation of both the colony and the republic.
		She spoke next, in Tzotzil; Saúl translated into Spanish, which they call Castilla, like all Mayans in the state; and I translated into English.
	www.globalexchange.org /tours/essays/aurora.html (831 words)

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