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Topic: UKSS military payload

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1988

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	Energia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Energia was first test-launched 15 May 1987 21:30 with the Polyus spacecraft (UKSS military payload), where the Energia itself functioned well, but the Polyus did not reach orbit due to a mishap of its own attitude control system after separation from Energia.
		The Energia rocket only flew twice, the first on May 15, 1987, with the Polyus military payload, and the second on November 15, 1988, with the Buran Shuttle.
		In all categories: takeoff thrust, launch mass, payload mass, etc. the Saturn V and the Energia are at the top of the list in some order, and every other launch system (with the possible exception of the STS) being a distant third.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Energia (975 words)

	Buran
		The 50 payload limitation of the 3M-T transport meant that the Buran orbiters had to be delivered in a severely incomplete and stripped-down condition to the cosmodrome.
		Maximum landing mass was 87 tonnes with a 20 tonne payload; nominal landing mass was 82 tonnes with a 15 tonne payload.
		Payload Bay - The OPG payload section, 18.55 m x 4.65 m, also housed the guidance system electronics, the engine control systems, propellant piping and conduits, the electric fuel cell generators, and the fuel cell reactant tanks.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/buran.htm (12223 words)

	Glushko
		Glushko's position had been vindicated; perhaps he now had to agree objectively that use of the expensive and toxic propellants in a launch vehicle of this size was not rational.
		The payload attached together with escape stage remained in Earth orbit.
		Glushko proposes the following language for a public announcement: 'with the objective of developing larger spacecraft, a payload was successfully orbited which provided on the first revolution the necessary telemetry'.
	www.astronautix.com /astros/glushko.htm (8160 words)

	Space launch vehicles
		The Angara rocket, currently in development, is designed to launch heavy payloads into orbit, reducing Russia's dependency on Kazakhstan for heavy lift (from whom Russia leases the Baikonur Cosmodrome), as well as eliminate the need to purchase Zenit rockets from Ukraine.
		Originally designed as an ICBM in the late 1950s, the Atlas is today used as a launch platform for commercial and military satellites, and other space vehicles.
		It differed from the earlier Cosmos 3 in its finer control of the second-stage burn, allowing operators to tune the thrust and even channel it through nozzles that helped orient the rocket for the launching of multiple satellites at one time.
	www.shortopedia.com /S/P/Space_launch_vehicles (1285 words)

	Energia test-firing stand/launch pad at Site 250 in Baikonur
		At the end of the 1970s, a giant test facility for the Energia rocket, which could also serve as the launch pad for the vehicle was founded at Site 250.
		Known as UKSS, from Russian abbreviation "Versatile Stand/Start," the pad became the biggest launch structure in Baikonur.
		UKSS command complex controlling pre-launch processing, fueling and the engine firing was located three kilometers from the pad at Site 250A.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /baikonur_energia_250.html (531 words)

	Buran
		This module is closely related to the Kvant module on Mir and a similar x-ray astronomy module that Buran would have flown to Mir if it had not been cancelled.
		The third group, led by S S Banin, was to complete the assembly and launch facilities.
		The Buran project was finally cancelled in June 1993 when further funding was deleted from the Russian space budget.
	www.fplib.org /partners/mwade/craft/buran.htm (11477 words)

	Energiya Definition / Energiya Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Soviet politicians were convinced that the Space Shuttle could be used for military purposes, hence posing a potential threat to the balance of power during the Cold War.
		[click for more], although it could be configured for heavier payloads comparable to (or even greater than) those of Saturn V The Saturn V (popularly known as the Moon Rocket) was a multistage liquid-fuel expendable rocket used by NASA's Apollo and Skylab programs.
		The only other flight to orbit has been the successful mission in which the unmanned Buran orbiter (space shuttle) was brought to orbit, in 19881988 is a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar.
	www.elresearch.com /Energiya (511 words)

	Energia - Wikipedia Light!
		Energia also replaced the "Vulkan" concept, which was a design based on the Proton rocket and using the same toxic hypergolic fuels, but much larger and more powerful.
		One thing is quite beyond speculation however; the Energia and Saturn V vehicles are easily the most powerful and reliable large boosters that ever successfully flew.
		Had either launch system been maintained in production and had the space agencies enough money to pay for these launchers, the modern state of human affairs in space could be considerably different.
	godseye.com /wiki/index.php/Energia (997 words)

	History of Energia-Buran facilities in Baikonur
		At the peak of the construction, total 35,000 military workers were involved in the Moon project in Tyuratam.
		The 6th Directorate was primarily staffed in April 1967 with graduates of the military colleges.
		Versatile stand-start, UKSS, for live testing of the Energia propulsion system was founded at Site 250, north of the original N-1 pads.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /baikonur_energia_history.html (2076 words)

	enrgia information,energia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Ithad the capacity to place up to 100 tons in low Earth orbit, althoughit could be configured for heavier payloads comparable or even greater than those of Saturn V.
		With eight Zenit booster rockets and an enrgia-M core as an upper stage, the "Vulkan"(which was interestingly the same name of another Soviet heavy lift rocket that was cancelled years earlier) or "Hercules"configuration could have launched a stunning 175 tonnes into orbit.
		The enrgia rocket only flew twice, the first on May 15, 1987, with the UKSS military payload, and thesecond on November 15, 1988, with the Buran Shuttle.
	www.vsearchmedia.com /enrgia.html (670 words)

	Russia Plans to Revive Buran Shuttle [Free Republic]
		The Russian shuttle is assembled horizontally and lifted to vertical at the launch pad, unlike the U.S. shuttle which is assembled vertically.
		A total of nine cryogenic fuelling cycle were completed with the 4M Energia mock-up, representing the first operational use in the world of super- chilled hydrogen.
		My vague memories of that era have a special Energia booster that was rated at 100 ton payload.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3b3b64810c3e.htm (11522 words)

	September 01
		KH-5 9042A Payload: KH-5 s/n 9042A/Agena B 1132.
		Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 51 Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 51.
		Canyon 3 Payload: Canyon 3 / Agena D. Mass: 700 kg.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/thisday/sepber01.htm (1043 words)

	energai information,energia
		energai exceeded both the payload capability and the technical performance of the Saturn V, earning itself the status of the most complex and powerful heavy rocket ever constructed.
		With eight Zenit booster rockets and an energai-M core as an upper stage, the "Vulkan"(which was interestingly the same name of another Soviet heavy lift rocket that was cancelled years earlier) or "Hercules"configuration could have launched a stunning 175 tonnes into orbit.
		The energai rocket only flew twice, the first on May 15, 1987, with the UKSS military payload, and thesecond on November 15, 1988, with the Buran Shuttle.
	www.vsearchmedia.com /energai.html (670 words)

	19863
		The Ministry of Defence issued technical specifications on 1 September for an MVKS, a single-stage reusable aerospaceplane system.
		The MKVS was to provide effective and economic delivery to near-earth orbit; develop the technology for effective transatmospheric flight; provide super high-speed intercontinental transport, and fulfil military objectives in and from space.
		Delta 180 Sensor Module Payload: DM 43 Sensor Module.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/chrono/19863.htm (1142 words)

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