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Topic: UKUSA

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ECHELON

Special relationship

Foreign relations of the United Kingdom

British Overseas Territories Act 2002

British Empire

Akrotiri

	UKUSA COMMUNITY ARTS PROGRAMME AT UNIVERSITY OF NATAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		UKUSA provides a starting point for any student interested in music or dance and drama from the age of 16 upwards.
		UKUSA assists students who show a willingness to work, an ability in the creative arts, and a desire to share what they have learned with others in their communities.
		UKUSA also serves as a bridging programme for students interested in studying in the Department of Music.
	www.ukzn.ac.za /music/ukusa.html (211 words)

	Secret Power: Chapter Two: Hooked up to the spy network: The UKUSA system
		It described UKUSA "embassy collection" operations, where sophisticated receivers and processors are secretly transported to their countries' overseas embassies in diplomatic bags and used to monitor all manner of communications in the foreign capitals.
		The operations are said to take a whole room of the embassy buildings and to be able to listen to local telephone calls at will.[14] There is good reason to assume that these operations, too, were prompted by and supported with equipment and technical advice from the NSA and GCHQ.
		He described how the UKUSA countries were "soon to embark on a massive, billion-dollar expansion of their global electronic surveillance system', with "new stations and monitoring centres...
	echelononline.free.fr /documents/hager/sp_5.htm (5643 words)

	UKUSA Community - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The UKUSA Community is an alliance of English-speaking nations led by the United States and United Kingdom for the purpose of gathering intelligence via signals intelligence.
		One role of the UKUSA Community is to service the ECHELON system.
		The Ties That Bind: Intelligence Cooperation Between the UKUSA Countries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/UKUSA (108 words)

	[CTRL] Echelon & related Data Interception Capabilities 2000
		The UKUSA agreement was not acknowledged publicly until March 1999, when the Australian government confirmed that its Sigint organisation, Defence Signals Directorate (DSD) "does co-operate with counterpart signals intelligence organisations overseas under the UKUSA relationship".(6) The UKUSA agreement shares facilities, tasks and product between participating governments.
		Although UKUSA Comint agency staffs and budgets have shrunk following the end of the cold war, they have reaffirmed their requirements for access to all the world's communications.
		Dissemination is further restricted within the UKUSA organisation by national and international rules generally stipulating that the Sigint agencies of each nation may not normally collect or (if inadvertently collected) record or disseminate information about citizens of, or companies registered in, any other UKUSA nation.
	www.mail-archive.com /ctrl@listserv.aol.com/msg30636.html (16106 words)

	Secrets»Digital Fortress»Europe Spying»Official Website of Dan Brown
		The purpose of the UKUSA agreement was to create a single vast global intelligence organization sharing common goals and a common agenda, spying on the world and sharing the data.
		It described UKUSA "embassy collection" operations, where sophisticated receivers and processors are secretly transported to their countries' overseas embassies in diplomatic bags and used to monitor various communications in foreign capitals.
		It would mean that the UKUSA agencies could use machines to search through all the international telephone calls in the world, in the same way that they do written messages.
	www.danbrown.com /secrets/digital_fortress/europe_spying.html (5421 words)

	Eavesdropping on World
		This incredible communications vacuum cleaner, christened Echelon, is the most technologically advanced result of the UKUSA Security Agreement, a pact for cooperation in the gathering of "signal intelligence" signed in 1948 whose very existence has never been officially confirmed by any of the five participants involved in it.
		The special characteristic of the Echelon system is that its network of satellites, land bases, and super-computers is designed not only to enable the interception of certain specific transmission lines but also to indiscriminately intercept unimaginably vast quantities of communications via any method of line or transmission.
		The second part of the UKUSA network is the constellation of spy satellites that NSA has been putting into orbit since 1970, known by the code name of Vortex.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /New_World_Order/Eavesdropping_World.html (1520 words)

	TP: Paper 1: Echelon and its role in COMINT
		Press reports and publications about the UKUSA agreement between 1975 and 1990 were based almost exclusively on interviews with former Sigint personnel, who reported that they had been told in initial briefings that the agreement dated from 1947.
		The Dictionary computers of the UKUSA system can target e-mails, faxes and data communications based on their contents as well as the (telecommunications) address of the sender and the recipient.
		In summary, the evidence that UKUSA has run a COMSAT intercept system called Echelon is supported by sources from 4 different countries, and includes recent official documents from the United States and Canada, and statements in Australia.
	www.heise.de /tp/r4/artikel/7/7747/1.html (4315 words)

	Chapter Two: Hooked up to the spy network: The UKUSA system
		The arrangement within the UKUSA alliance was that, while the NSA and GCHQ ran the four stations, each of the five allies (including the GCSB) had responsibility for analysing some particular types of the traffic intercepted at these stations.
		The UKUSA network of HF stations in the Pacific includes the GCSB's Tangimoana station (and before it one at Waiouru), five or more DSD stations in Australia, a CSE station in British Columbia, and NSA stations in Hawaii, Alaska, California, Japan, Guam, Kwajalein and the Philippines.
		Of course, when the microwave route is across one of the UKUSA countries' territory it is much easier to arrange interception.
	www.fas.org /irp/eprint/sp/sp_c2.htm (5773 words)

	Aus Gov Spying on its own
		Now, due to a fast-growing UKUSA system called Echelon, millions of messages are automatically intercepted every hour, and checked according to criteria supplied by intelligence agencies and governments in all five UKUSA countries.
		The Australian Government's decision to be open about the UKUSA pact and the Echelon spy system has been motivated partly by the need to respond to the growing international concern about economic intelligence gathering, and partly by DSD's desire to reassure Australians that its domestic spying activity is strictly limited and tightly supervised.
		Mr Brady claims that other UKUSA nations have to follow Australia's lead, and not record their communications unless Australia has decided that this is required.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /afs/cs.cmu.edu/Web/People/fahd/reading/aus_spying.htm (1250 words)

	Big Brother is listening
		Each UKUSA alliance intercept base, such as Waihopai, in New Zealand, and Geraldton in Western Australia, is directed by computers loaded with what are called dictionaries.
		Now, after 20 years on the inside of the UKUSA alliance, he is one of its biggest critics, blowing the whistle on some of the things he and his colleagues were asked to do in the name of democracy.
		As a highly trusted UKUSA insider, Mike Frost was privy to the unofficial favours that members of the alliance do for each other.
	sunday.ninemsn.com.au /sunday/cover_stories/transcript_335.asp (5227 words)

	World-Information.Org
		The UKUSA nations also agreed to standardize their terminology, code words, intercept-handling procedures, and indoctrination oaths, for efficiency as well as security.
		It seems that the UKUSA alliance is maintaining around 120 known surveillance stations, some huge and some very small or even functioning fully automatically, but rumors go that the number of small SIGINT surveillance stations might also be as high as 4900.
		The liaison and cooperation established with the BRUSA, UKUSA and CANUS Agreements during the 1940s were reinforced by William F. Friedman (the "dean of cryptology") during the 1950s and continued to solidify during the 1960s and 1970s.
	world-information.org /wio/infostructure/100437611746/100438658806 (1481 words)

	Silent partners : the UKUSA agreement
		While the exact day and month of the UKUSA pact continue to be debated, the year itself, 1947, bears significance as the year of the alleged Roswell UFO crash in New Mexico and heightened UFO activity.
		UKUSA brought together, under a single umbrella, the SIGINT (signals intelligence) organisations of the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand.
		The UKUSA Agreement poses significant implications for Australian sovereignty and democracy In a world where US hegemony is now virtually undisputed, it is vital for us to question and make public the role of the UKUSA Agreement and the operations of US installations around the world.
	www.maurizioturco.it /echelon/banca_dati/NEXUS_MAGAZINE/silent_partners.html (3502 words)

	State Surveillance Schemes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		UKUSA is the natural development of the BRUSA communications intelligence alliance formed during the early stages of World War II, between the United Kingdom and the United States.
		He says that although Canada is a member of the UKUSA community, it apparently is not a signatory part of the UKUSA agreement itself.
		The UKUSA interception system is called Echelon, (18) and had been rumoured to be in development since 1971, and to have been "greatly enlarged between 1975 and 1995".
	www.bernal.co.uk /capitulo3.htm (5793 words)

	Desperately seeking signals \| thebulletin.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		According to much of the press coverage, Echelon is the code word for the UKUSA "global surveillance network." But it is not, nor is there any code word for the overall U.S. or UKUSA "SIGINT" (Signals Intelligence) apparatus.
		That "Echelon" is not synonymous with the entire UKUSA eavesdropping effort does not mean that the questions raised about it are not valid.
		The recent controversy over Echelon has led both Australian and Canadian authorities to issue unprecedented statements--acknowledging for the first time their participation in the UKUSA alliance and stating that precautions are being taken to safeguard the privacy of their own citizens as well as those of the other UKUSA nations.
	www.thebulletin.org /article.php?art_ofn=ma00richelson (2884 words)

	ECHELON: America's Secret Global Surveillance Network -- Patrick S. Poole
		In its role as gang leader for UKUSA, the NSA is primarily involved with creating new surveillance and codebreaking technology, directing the other cooperating agencies to their targets, and providing them with training and tools to intercept, process and analyze enormous amounts of signals intelligence.
		The backbone of the ECHELON network is the massive listening and reception stations directed at the Intelsat and Inmarsat satellites that are responsible for the vast majority of phone and fax communications traffic within and between countries and continents.
		While UKUSA agencies have pursued economic and commercial information on behalf of their countries with renewed vigor after the passing of communism in Eastern Europe, the NSA practice of spying on behalf of US companies has a long history.
	fly.hiwaay.net /~pspoole/echelon.html (8561 words)

	ECHELON
		All members of the English-speaking alliance are part of the UKUSA intelligence alliance that has maintained ties since the Second World War.
		Individual states in the UKUSA alliance are assigned responsibilities for monitoring different parts of the globe.
		Experts stress that Echelon is simply a method of sorting captured signals and is just one of the many new arrows in the intelligence community's quiver, along with increasingly sophisticated bugging and interception techniques, satellite tracking, through-clothing scanning, automatic fingerprinting and recognition systems that can recognize genes, odours or retina patterns.
	www.snapshield.com /www_problems/New_Zealand/ECHELON.htm (7608 words)

	TP: Australia first to admit "we're part of global surveillance system"
		Under the Echelon system, millions of messages are automatically intercepted every hour, and checked according to criteria supplied by intelligence agencies and governments in all five UKUSA countries.
		International and governmental concern about the UKUSA Echelon system has grown dramatically since 1996, when New Zealand writer Nicky Hager revealed intimate details of how it operated.
		The Australian government decision to be open about the UKUSA pact and the Echelon spy system has been motivated partly by the need to respond to the growing international concern about economic intelligence gathering, and partly by DSD's desire to reassure Australians that its domestic spying activity is strictly limited and tightly supervised.
	www.heise.de /tp/r4/artikel/2/2889/1.html (971 words)

	[No title]
		The largest component of this expenditure is incurred by the major English-speaking nations of the UKUSA alliance.HYPERLINK \l "N_1_"(1) This report describes how Comint organisations have for more than 80 years made arrangements to obtain access to much of the world's international communications.
		The UKUSA agreement was not acknowledged publicly until March 1999, when the Australian government confirmed that its Sigint organisation, Defence Signals Directorate (DSD) "does co-operate with counterpart signals intelligence organisations overseas under the UKUSA relationship".HYPERLINK \l "N_6_"(6) The UKUSA agreement shares facilities, tasks and product between participating governments.
		Within the UKUSA system, the dissemination of Comint reports is limited to individuals holding high-level security "SCI" clearances.HYPERLINK \l "N_10_"(10) Further, because only cleared officials can see Comint reports, only they can set requirements and thus control tasking.
	www.homestead.com /fsbvg/files/Intercept2000.doc (16234 words)

	Careful, they might hear you
		Now, due to a fast-growing UKUSA system called Echelon, millions of messages are automatically intercepted every hour, and checked according to criteria supplied by intelligence agencies and governments in all five UKUSA countries.
		Mr Brady claims that other UKUSA nations have to follow Australia's lead, and not record their communications unless Australia has decided that this is required.
		The Australian Government does not deny that DSD and its UKUSA partners are told to collect economic and commercial intelligence.
	www.refuseandresist.org /resist_this/052899echelon.html (1442 words)

	Chapter Two: Hooked up to the spy network: The UKUSA system
		Las otras agencias de UKUSA supervisan las llamadas telefónicas también.
		Antes de esto, los aliados de UKUSA hicieron los funcionamientos de la colección de inteligencias para nosotros, pero cada agencia normalmente procesó y analizó el intercepte de sus propias estaciones.
		A 1994 expos of the Canadian UKUSA agency called Spyworld authored by a previous staff member, Mike Frost, gave the first insights into how much microwave interception is done.
	www.seprin.com /ESPECIAL/ZELANDIA.htm (10664 words)

	Statewatch News online: EU-USA agreements and UKUSA treaty
		The move was announced in the UK parliament by government Minister, Lord Falconer, who said that the existing UKUSA treaty on extradition dated from 1972 (ratified in 1976) and supplemented in 1986.
		How the UKUSA treaty on extradition will be adopted in the UK In the UK the treaty will become law through an arcane process known as "Orders in Council" as international treaties are agreed by the Privy Council (Cabinet Ministers automatically become PCs) in the name of the head of state, the Monarch.
		This procedure falls under what is called the "royal prerogative", that is where powers have never been passed over to parliament and Ministers exercise powers on behalf of the Monarch - a thoroughly undemocratic procedure.
	www.statewatch.org /news/2003/apr/07euusauk.htm (1861 words)

	Mario's Cyberspace Station: ECHELON: How it works
		The NSA and GCSB are bound together under the five-nation UKUSA signals intelligence agreement.
		The NSA Menwith Hill station, with 22 satellite terminals and more than 4.9 acres of buildings, is undoubtedly the largest and most powerful in the UKUSA network.
		Each article in the 64-page magazine, which is in its 19th year of publication, is extensively footnoted and accompanied by photographs and graphics.
	mprofaca.cro.net /echelon01.html (5174 words)

	Chapter 8 Partners
		After two years of compromising and negotiating, BRUSA was supplemented in 1947 by the five-power UKUSA Agreement, which, according to one report, established the United States as a first party to the treaty, and Britain, Canada, and Australia-New Zealand as second parties.
		The foundation of friendship and cooperation established with the BRUSA and UKUSA Agreements during the 1940s and reinforced by Friedman during the 1950s, continued to solidify during the 1960s and 1970s.
		Please tell him what you have found to be the worthwhile and the difficult parts of the UKUSA relationship and assure him that we in GCHQ will do our best to assist NSA in continuing its great and important mission under his leadership.
	jya.com /pp08.htm (10344 words)

	The UKUSA Community
		The member agencies of the UKUSA community include the Communications Security Establishment, the United States' National Security Agency (NSA), the United Kingdom's Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), Australia's Defence Signals Directorate (DSD), and New Zealand's Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB).
		In addition to the general UKUSA community SIGINT agreements, Canada has bilateral SIGINT agreements with the United Kingdom and the United States.
		Apparently, however, Canada is not a signatory of the UKUSA agreement itself.
	www.tscm.com /cseukusa.html (1291 words)

	ECHELON - Exposing the Global Surveillence System
		In addition to the UKUSA stations targeting Intelsat satellites, there are another five or more stations homing in on Russian and other regional communications satellites.
		Because the facilities required to intercept radio and satellite communications use large aerials and dishes that are difficult to hide for too long, that network is reasonably well documented.
		Anyone listening to official "discussion" of be forgiven for thinking that, since the end of the Cold War, the key targets of the massive UKUSA intelligence machine are terrorism, weapons proliferation, and economic intelligence.
	www.raven1.net /echelon.htm (4151 words)

	National Security Agency (or NSA), using military networks to gather vast amounts of intelligence on Amnesty ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		For decades before the introduction of the ECHELON system, the UKUSA allies did intelligence collection operations for each other, but each agency usually processed and analysed the intercept from its own stations.
		But the report - to be discussed on Thursday by the committee of the office of Science and Technology Assessment in Luxembourg - confirms that the citizens of Britain and other European states are subject to an intensity of surveillance far in excess of that imagined by most parliaments.
		Its findings arc certain to excite the concern of MEP'S. "The Echelon system forms part of the UKUSA system but unlike many of the electronic spy systems developed during the Cold War, Echelon is designed primarily for non- military targets: governments, organizations and businesses in virtually every country.
	home.iae.nl /users/lightnet/world/echelon/echelon.html (9556 words)

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