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	United Nations Convention Against Torture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Convention Against Torture is one of a series of UN agreements that seek to protect human rights.
		The Convention has received new attention in the world press because of the Stress and duress interrogation techniques used on the detainees at the Abu Ghraib prison by United States military personnel.
		The Convention also requires states to take effective measures to prevent torture within their borders, and forbids states to return people to their home country if there is reason to believe they will be tortured.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/UN_Convention_Against_Torture (694 words)

	Torture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Torture is the infliction of severe physical or psychological pain or grief as an expression of cruelty, a means of intimidation, deterrent, revenge or punishment, or as a tool for the extraction of information or confessions.
		Torture was abolished in England about 1640 (except peine forte et dure which was only abolished in 1772), in Scotland in 1708, in Prussia in 1740, in Russia in 1801.
		Other torture methods could include the rack (stretching the victim’s joints to breaking point), the thumbscrew, the boot (crushing the foot and leg), water (massive quantities of water forcibly ingested), and the medieval red-hot pincers, although it was technically against church policy to mutilate a person's body.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Torture (4604 words)

	ipedia.com: Torture Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Torture is the infliction of severe physical or psychological pain as a means of cruelty, intimidation, punishment, for the extraction of a confession or information or simply for the entertainment of the perpetrator.
		Despite of this Torture was used by many governments and countries in the past, especially in the Middle Ages and up into the 18th century, torture was believed to be a legitimate way to obtain testimonies and confessions from suspects for use in judicial inquiries and trials.
		Torture was abolished in England about 1640, in Scotland in 1708, in Prussia in 1740, in France in 1789 (one early measure of the French revolution), in Russia in 1801.
	www.ipedia.com /torture.html (2355 words)

	United Nations Agreements on Human Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In particular, it defines torture, requires states to take effective legal and other measures to prevent torture, declares that no state of emergency, other external threats, nor orders from a superior officer or authority may be invoked to justify torture.
		It requires states to assert jurisdiction when torture is committed within their jurisdiction, either investigate and prosecute themselves, or upon proper request extradite suspects to face trial before another competent court.
		It must ensure that individuals who allege that someone has committed torture against them are permitted to make and official complaint and have it investigated, and, if the complaint is proven, receive compensation, including full medical treatment and payments to survivors if the victim dies as a result of torture.
	www.hrweb.org /legal/undocs.html (1319 words)

	A/RES/39/46. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
		In the event of the death of the victim as a result of an act of torture, his dependants shall be entitled to compensation.
		The provisions of this Convention are without prejudice to the provisions of any other international instrument or national law which prohibits cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment or which relates to extradition or expulsion.
		A State Party to this Convention may at any time declare under this article that it recognizes the competence of the Committee to receive and consider communications from or on behalf of individuals subject to its jurisdiction who claim to be victims of a violation by a State Party of the provisions of the Convention.
	www.un.org /documents/ga/res/39/a39r046.htm (3791 words)

	Odinarkiv - Norway signs Optional Protocol to UN Convention against Torture
		Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment are prohibited and constitute a serious violation of human rights.
		The UN Convention against Torture obliges each State Party to take effective measures to prevent such acts, but in spite of this, torture continues to be a widespread phenomenon that causes untold suffering.
		In this connection a Subcommittee of the UN Committee against Torture is to be established.
	odin.dep.no /ud/engelsk/aktuelt/pressem/032171-070123/dok-nu.html (231 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Definition of torture under Art 1 CAT One major difference to Art.3 ECHR is that article 3 CAT is limited expressly to torture and does not extend to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
		Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment Given the fact that the principle of non-refoulement of CAT is expressly limited to torture, the question of the distinction between other ill treatment and torture is particularly important.
		As the term torture in Art 3 CAT ist to be understood in the sense of Art 1 CAT, this issue is relevant also in the context of refoulement.
	www.ecre.org /elenahr/nonref.doc (3677 words)

	EOIR Policy on UN Convention Against Torture
		A Convention Against Torture claim is triggered if the alien either: 1) requests consideration under the Convention Against Torture; or 2) presents evidence, including his or her testimony and information contained in a Form I-589, which indicates that he or she may be tortured in the country of removal.
		In considering the Convention Against Torture claim, the Immigration Judge must first determine whether the alien has established that it is more likely than not that he or she would be tortured if removed to the proposed country of removal.
		Once the Immigration Judge determines that the alien is entitled to Convention Against Torture protection, he or she must then decide whether the alien is subject to mandatory denial under one of the bars contained in section 241(b)(3)(B) of the INA.
	www.immigrationlinks.com /news/news063.htm (4607 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Convention is concerned with torture by government agents of people acting with official sanction.
		It includes as torture "the use of methods upon a person intended to obliterate the personality of the victim or to diminish his physical or mental capacities, even if they do not cause physical pain or mental anguish".
		Torture is committed in all these places, but also in juvenile detention centres, refugee camps, on the streets and in people's homes.
	www.amnesty.org.uk /torture/definition.shtml (400 words)

	Albania: Obligations under the UN Convention Against Torture - a gap between law and practice - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Torture and ill-treatment often take place without witnesses, or in the presence of other police officers who may be reluctant to testify against their own colleagues.
		Against this background, however, it should also be emphasized that various measures have been taken to prevent torture and ill-treatment by law enforcement officials.
		In this case, defence counsel appealed against the use of this procedure, on the grounds that the children were being illegally held at Korça police station, and were therefore vulnerable to pressure by the judicial police or prosecutor.
	web.amnesty.org /library/index/engeur110012005 (8291 words)

	Latest News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Torture is one of the most serious crimes prohibited under international law and every allegation of torture should be subject to a prompt, impartial and independent investigation in accordance with Bahrain's unequivocal obligation under article 12 of the UN Convention Against Torture.
		It is a requirement that all perpetrators of torture be made accountable and therefore where there is sufficient evidence to bring the accused to justice, alleged perpetrators should be tried in accordance with international human rights standards.
		The protection of torturers and the refusal of the office of the public prosecutor to receive solicitors of victims of torture is a dangerous sign.
	www.vob.org /english/news-db/news02/dec02.htm (1224 words)

	The Israeli Supreme Court in 1999 decided to legalize the use of sleep deprivation and exempts ISA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The UN Committee Against Torture has emphasized that such Israeli practices is torture and has expressed concern that Israel has failed to promulgate legislation prohibiting torture - both are violations of the UN Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
		Furthermore, torture is strictly forbidden under the Fourth Geneva Convention, Articles 3 and 32, and is described as a grave breach under Article 147, thus constituting a war crime.
		Each State Party shall likewise take such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over such offences in cases where the alleged offender is present in any territory under its jurisdiction and it does not extradite him pursuant to article 8 to any of the States mentioned in paragraph 1 of this article.
	www.pchrgaza.org /Intifada/Torture.conv.htm (789 words)

	UN Chronicle: Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inh... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Steps shall be take to ensure that the complainant and witnesses are protected against all ill-treatment or intimidation as a consequence of his complaint or any evidence given.
		For each State ratifying this Convention or acceding to it after the deposit of the twenttieth instrument of ratification or accession, the Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of the deposit of its own instrument of ratification or accession.
		This Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:3581827&refid=holomed_1 (4831 words)

	South Korea: Amnesty International urges ratification of the UN Convention against Torture
		Most reports of torture and ill-treatment do not appear to have been investigated adequately and Amnesty International knows of very few cases in which law enforcement officials were prosecuted for inflicting torture.
		In Amnesty International's experience of documenting torture and ill-treatment throughout the world and seeking to prevent such abuses, the formal separation of authorities responsible for interrogation of suspects from the authorities responsible for their detention and welfare is one effective safeguard against the practice of torture and ill-treatment.
		It should make a declaration under Articles 21 and 22 of the Convention recognizing the competence of the UN Committee against Torture to receive communications from states parties and individuals about alleged violations of the Convention.
	www.amnestyusa.org /countries/south_korea/document.do?id=E544490F5F55AA38802569A600602FFD (2683 words)

	Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
		The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT) was adopted by the UN's General Assembly in 1984 and entered into force in 1987.
		Ratifying states are obliged to ensure that domestic law is consistent with the provisions of the Convention.
		The Committee against Torture is a UN body responsible for overseeing the implementation of the Convention, and to whom ratifying states must submit periodic reports.
	www.eldis.org /static/DOC11711.htm (302 words)

	Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, G.A. res. 39/46, annex, 39 ...
		Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, G.A. res.
		Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2, the Committee shall bring any communications submitted to it under this article to the attention of the State Party to this Convention which has made a declaration under paragraph I and is alleged to be violating any provisions of the Convention.
		If within six months from thc date of the request for arbitration the Parties are unable to agree on the organization of the arbitration, any one of those Parties may refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice by request in conformity with the Statute of the Court.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/instree/h2catoc.htm (4542 words)

	UN Convention Against Torture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A State Party to this Convention may at any time declare under this article 3 that it recognizes the competence of the Committee to receive and consider communications to the effect that a State Party claims that another State Party is not fulfilling its obligations under this Convention.
		Each State may at the time of signature or ratification of this Convention or accession thereto, declare that it does not consider itself bound by the preceding paragraph.
		This Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the United Nations.
	www.hrweb.org /legal/cat.html (4622 words)

	Croatia at the United Nations
		The eradication of the practice of torture in the world was one of the major challenges taken up by the United Nations and continues to be highly placed on its agenda, as the international environment becomes more and more affected by conflict and violence.
		Existing international instruments, especially the UN Convention against Torture and other Cruel Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment and its Optional Protocol enabled us with much a needed framework for the elimination of torture and other forms of ill-treatment.
		As a party to the Convention against Torture since 1991, my country attaches great importance to those issues and remains committed to prevent, prohibit, investigate and punish every act of torture or other cruel and degrading treatment or punishment.
	www.un.int /croatia/statement/58/ga/thirdc/031107.htm (642 words)

	Human Rights Education Library:
		On 18 December 2002, the UN General Assembly adopted the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture (OPCAT).
		The aim of the OPCAT is to prevent torture and other forms of ill-treatment by establishing a system of regular visits to places of detention carried out by independent international and national bodies.
		This manual can serve as a practical tool for the campaign for the ratification and implementation of the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture.
	www.hrea.org /erc/Library/display.php?doc_id=2243 (254 words)

	Rediff On The NeT: Rights bodies welcome govt decision to sign UN convention against torture
		The United Front government had promised in its common minimum programme that it would accede to the UN convention.
		Under Article 7 of that convenant, torture is categorically forbidden and the provisions of that article are non-derogable,' Justice Venkatachaliah said in the paper.
		He said the right against torture has been judicially recognised by the apex court as a fundamental right.
	www.rediff.com /news/jul/23tortur.htm (331 words)

	Politics
		UN Security Council: In the second-half of the nineteenth century liberals in Britain were united in believing that you could not have a true democratic system unless elections were by secret ballot.
		Citizens Against Celebrity Pundits: A large number of people involved in the entertainment industry have over the last few weeks been arguing against a pre-emptive strike on Iraq.
		Saudi Arabia: In May 2003 the UN Committee against Torture examined Saudi Arabia's implementation of the UN Convention against Torture and urged Saudi Arabia to bring legislation and practice into line with the letter and spirit of the Convention.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /REVpolitics.htm (9607 words)

	I have a right to \| BBC World Service
		The report details the torture and the forced disappearance of 532 people but does not identify the names of the officials allegedly involved in the atrocities.
		Stop Torture, AI's ongoing global campaign to raise public awareness of the persistence of torture, focuses on preventing torture and confronting racial discrimination.
		Suspects were reportedly tortured and there was alleged proof of tampering of evidence as well as extra-judicial executions.
	www.bbc.co.uk /worldservice/people/features/ihavearightto/four_b/casestudy_art05.shtml (757 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Americas \| US fails to block torture treaty
		The US hostility to a convention which it would not have to subscribe to is being seen as a sign of its deep, ideological opposition to multilateral treaties which it believes would impinge on its sovereignty.
		At the end of June, it used its veto in the UN Security Council to block the renewal of the peacekeeping force in Bosnia because of its concerns over the new International Criminal Court (ICC).
		The UN treaty on torture would allow outside inspections of such sites, but only if the US were to sign the convention.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/americas/2150302.stm (373 words)

	EU@UN - EU Presidency declaration on the International Convention against Torture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Prevention and eradication of all forms of torture and other inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment wherever it may occur is a strongly held policy view of the European Union and all its Member States.
		The European Union therefore warmly welcomes the adoption by the UN General Assembly of the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture and other Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
		The Protocol follows a two track approach: An international Sub Committee under the UN Committee against Torture is to undertake international visits to places of detention.
	europa-eu-un.org /articles/da/article_1886_da.htm (361 words)

	Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
		Each State Party shall likewise take such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over such offences in cases where the alleged offender is present in any territory under its jurisdiction and it does not extradite him pursuant to article 8 to any of the States mentioned in paragraph I of this article.
		For each State ratifying this Convention or acceding to it after the deposit of the twentieth instrument of ratification or accession, the Convention shall enter into force onthe thirtieth day after the date of the deposit of its own instrument of ratification or accession.
		The SecretaryGeneral shall thereupon communicate the proposed amendment to the States Parties with a request that they notify him whether they favour a conference of States Parties for the purpose of considering an d voting upon the proposal.
	www.ohchr.org /english/law/cat.htm (4560 words)

	Search:torture - OXiDE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		torture and ill-treatment of political prisoners and detainees and...
		From Michael, Oak Park, IL: I'm trying to formulate a good response to this quandary: Say you have a guy that the authorities KNOW is involved in a conspiracy to kill...
		International coalition of NGOs fighting against torture, summary executions, forced disappearances and all other forms of cruel, inhuman or...
	www.torture.net (313 words)

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