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	UNEF - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Since the operative UN resolutions were not passed under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the deployment of a military force had to be approved by Egypt.
		The force was fully deployed in designated areas around the canal, in the Sinai and Gaza when Israel withdrew its last forces from Rafah on March 8, 1957.
		From December of 1956 to March of 1957, the force facilitated the separation of Israeli and Egyptian forces and the Israeli evacuation from all areas captured during the war, except Gaza and Sharm-el-Sheik.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/UN_Emergency_Force (461 words)

	Egypt - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Egypt
		The Egyptian air force suffered crippling destruction on the ground, and, although there was some organized resistance to the Anglo-French force, the latter could probably have occupied the whole length of the canal.
		A UN force was organized to safeguard the canal from further attacks and to prevent further outbreaks of violence between Israel and Egypt in Sinai.
		Egypt was a member of the UN coalition forces that sought an economic embargo against Iraq in 1990 for annexing Kuwait, and its armed forces joined in the military action against Iraq in 1991.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Egypt (7147 words)

	Security Council Considers Way Forward in Democratic Republic of Congo, Hearing 28 Speakers; European Union’s ...
		The interim force had stabilized the security and emergency situation in Bunia, but that achievement would be futile if the Bangladesh contingent, which had begun its deployment, did not have a similar mandate and rules of engagement, as well as an overall strategy aimed at peace in the Ituri district.
		The multinational force had stabilized the security and emergency situation in Bunia, but that would be futile if the Bangladesh contingent, which had begun its deployment, did not have a similar mandate and rules of engagement, as well as an overall strategy aimed at peace in the Ituri district.
		As the situation following the withdrawal of the multinational force in September was difficult to predict, it was important for the Council to promptly authorize the deployment of troops with an appropriate mandate in the Ituri region, thus, ensuring a smooth transition from one force to another.
	www.unis.unvienna.org /unis/pressrels/2003/sc7820.html (10038 words)

	Peacekeeping
		This was first evident in April 1948 when the UN authorized the employment of military observers in Kashmir and when it repeated this action the next month along the Arab-Israeli borders.
		This type of UN peacekeeping was markedly different from that practised in the KOREAN WAR.
		No fewer than 36 separate UN operations were begun from 1988, when the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the UN for its peacekeeping operations, to 1998.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0006167 (1027 words)

	Congo-Kinshasa; Annan Urges Emergency UN Force to Quell Violence in Northeastern DR of Congo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A UN spokesman, meanwhile, said the search for troop contributors to the multinational force "continues to go well," with generous responses from several Member States offering both troops and logistical and financial support.
		During its meeting, Under-Secretary-General for UN Peacekeeping Operations Jean Marie Guehenno reported that the situation in Bunia continued to be volatile, UN spokesman Fred Eckhard said.
		Attempts by the UN to broker a local ceasefire have so far been unsuccessful, although there was no fighting in the town today.
	www.genocidewatch.org /CongoAnnanMay16.htm (469 words)

	MODULE 2
		As a result, the USA took the issue to the UN General Assembly where the veto did not apply, and where other countries, such as Canada, were able to voice their own proposals and to vote on a global security issue.
		The United Nations Emergency Force was then called upon and men were positioned in 3 zones: the frontier between Egypt and Israel, the Gaza Strip and the strait of Tiran to monitor the passage of ships into the Gulf of Aqaba, which was vital for Israeli shipping.
		In 1957, Pearson’s remarkable diplomatic achievements in peacebuilding, and in particular in resolving the crisis of Suez through the establishment of a UN Emergency Force, was recognized and honoured with the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize.
	www.stratnet.ucalgary.ca /elearning/UNPeacekeeping/Readings/unsuezcrisis.htm (1891 words)

	UN Peacekeeping Missions
		Cost of 11 UN peacekeeping missions extimated at $2.3 billion for 2003-2004, Fifth Committee told, as resumed session opens; Scheduled to end 30 May, Budget Committee deliberations to focus primarily on peacekeeping financing (page one of three).
		Cost of 11 UN peacekeeping missions extimated at $2.3 billion for 2003-2004, Fifth Committee told, as resumed session opens; Scheduled to end 30 May, Budget Committee deliberations to focus primarily on peacekeeping financing (page three of three).
		Cost of 11 UN peacekeeping missions extimated at $2.3 billion for 2003-2004, Fifth Committee told, as resumed session opens; Scheduled to end 30 May, Budget Committee deliberations to focus primarily on peacekeeping financing (page two of three).
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0862135.html (366 words)

	Under the Blue Flag
		Peace-keepers are synonymous with the image of the UN itself, but the authors of the UN Charter made no specific arrangements for UN peace- keeping operations.
		UN peace-keeping troops carry light arms and are allowed to use them only in self-defense, or if armed persons try to stop them from carrying out the orders of their commanders.
		They use force only in exceptional circumstances and are required to consider what impact their actions will have on the overall operation.
	learning.turner.com /efts/un/blueflag.htm (668 words)

	Lincoln and Welland Regimental Museum
		Also known as UNEF II, this mission's mandate was to supervise the cease-fire between Egyptian and Israeli forces, the redeployment of those forces and to man and control the established buffer zones in the Suez Canal sector and later the Sinai peninsula.
		The main tasks of the United Nations civilian police force include: monitoring, observing and inspecting law enforcement activities; training and advising law enforcement personnel; facilitating, within the International Police Task Force mission of assistance, the parties’ law enforcement activities; and ensuring the existence of conditions for free and fair elections.
		Operating under the auspices of the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the purpose of the mission was to assist with the verification of compliance with the October 1998 Holbrooke Agreement.
	people.becon.org /~lincweldmuseum/page09 (912 words)

	Report of the Secretary-General on the Withdrawal of the Emergency Force
		Secondly, if the force was no longer welcome, it could not as a practical matter remain in the United Arab Republic, since the friction which would almost inevitably have arisen with that Government, its armed forces and with the local population would have made the situation of the force both humiliating and untenable.
		It was thus a basic legal principle arising from the nature of the force, and clearly understood by all concerned, that the consent of Egypt was a prerequisite to the stationing of U.N.E.F. on Egyptian territory, and it was a practical necessity as well in acquiring contingents for the force.
		Egypt would then be in a position to build up, behind the screen of this force, its full military preparations and, when it felt that those military preparations had reached their desired climax, to dismiss the United Nations Emergency Force and to stand again in close contact and proximity with the territory of Israel.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/UN/UNEF1.html (9027 words)

	USIA, U.S. Foreign Policy Agenda, April 1998 -- Oakley on Peacekeeping
		While these were initially only UN operations, approved by the UN Security Council and under the operational authority of the council and the UN secretary general, the term has come to apply also to operations undertaken by ad hoc coalitions that are endorsed by the council or by regional organizations such as the OAS.
		In Rwanda, the UN peacekeeping force was withdrawn in the summer of 1994 as Hutu-Tutsi genocide exploded and 10 Belgian peacekeepers who had surrendered were hacked to death by the Hutus.
		In Cambodia, the large UN force assembled in 1992 shifted from disarming and administering the entire country to the more limited objective of holding elections in face of confrontation by the Khmer Rouge and the failure of its disarmament and demobilization objectives.
	usinfo.state.gov /journals/itps/0498/ijpe/pj28oak.htm (3306 words)

	DRC: UN troops need force (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The French-led international force, which is authorised to shoot to kill, has a three-month mandate and will be replaced September 1 by a UN contingent of troops from Bangladesh.
		UN officials say the security situation in Bunia has deteriorated since June 8, two days after the first French forces arrived, with reports of abductions, killings and rape.
		On Wednesday the UN World Food Program issued an emergency appeal for $38m to feed 483 000 war-affected people in eastern Congo, many of whom are displaced in the Bunia region.
	www.news24.com /News24/Africa/News/0,,2-11-1447_1375076,00.html (592 words)

	Second UN Emergency Force (UNEF)
		In response to UN Security Council Resolution 340, adopted October 25, 1973, UN Secretary General Kurt Waldheim moved immediately to implement it by deploying the United Nations Emergency Force called for in the resolution.
		This force is often called the Second United Nations Emergency Force (or UNEF II) because a force of the same name was deployed in the wake of the Sinai Campaign in 1956.
		The task of the Force on arrival was to supervise the cease-fire between Egyptian and Israeli forces.
	www.palestinefacts.org /pf_1967to1991_unef.php (444 words)

	UN Congo Force Has Mission Impossible (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On Friday the UN Security Council finally authorised deployment of a 1200strong Emergency Multinational Force to help stabilise Ituri province and enforce the ceasefire signed in mid-May. It will stay until September 1.
		Compare this with the 18000-strong UN force sent to Sierra Leone in its civil war.
		The UN emergency force is vital to contain the situation in Ituri.
	united-states-of-earth.com /article.asp?MenuID=477 (713 words)

	The Use of Force in UN Peace Operations (A Sipri Publication X): 紀伊國屋書店BookWeb
		Covering the use of force in peace operations, this text is intended for scholars, researchers and professionals interested in strategic studies, peace studies and international relations.
		UN intervention in civil wars, as in Somalia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Rwanda, has thrown into stark relief the difficulty of peacekeepers operating in situations where consent to their presence and activities is fragile or incomplete and where there is little peace to keep.
		Trevor Findlay reveals the history of the use of force by UN peacekeepers from Sinai in the 1950s to Haiti in the 1990s.
	bookweb.kinokuniya.co.jp /htmy/0198292821.html (458 words)

	The UN Emergency Force
		On August 5, 1957, UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold prepared an aide-memoire for his own files concerning the presence of the United Nations Emergency Force in Egypt and the circumstances under which it could be withdrawn.
		As the decision on the U.N.E.F. (United Nations Emergency Force) was taken under Chapter VI (of the Charter) it was obvious from the beginning that the resolution did in no way limit the sovereignty of the host State.
		This was clear both from the resolution of the General Assembly and from the second and final report on the emergency force.
	www.us-israel.org /jsource/History/unef.html (1730 words)

	wcr:04/28/2002 -- Letters to the Editor
		It was at this time that the United Nations established an International Peace Force to travel to the troubled parts of the world where war was imminent.
		In 1956 I was sent to serve as a chaplain to the Middle East as a member of the United Nations Emergency Force.
		I was awarded the UN Emergency Force medal inscribed In the Service of Peace.
	www.wcr.ab.ca /columns/letters/2003/letters042803.shtml (966 words)

	Security Council Authorizes Emergency Force in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo to Assist UN Mission During ...
		NEW YORK, 26 August (UN Headquarters) -- The Security Council this morning authorized the emergency force deployed in May to the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to provide assistance as the United Nations mission is reinforced and deployed in and around the town of Bunia on 1 September.
		Unanimously adopting resolution 1501 (2003), the Council acted on the recommendations of the Secretary-General, who, in his 14 August letter (document S/2003/821), said such a contingency was needed in case the situation in Bunia became volatile during the transition period.
		The Multinational Force, with France as its lead nation, was deployed to Bunia to stabilize the tense situation in the area until the United Nations Mission called for reinforcement.
	www.unis.unvienna.org /unis/pressrels/2003/sc7852.html (343 words)

	rediff.com: UN honours Indian peacekeepers killed in action
		The UN recognised the supreme sacrifices made by the peacekeepers on Thursday and India was among the first 20 countries to be honoured, with 106 of its peacekeepers receiving the medals posthumously.
		India's acting permanent representative to the UN, A Gopinanthan, received the medal presented posthumously to Sepoy Ram Chander Nasim, who served with the UN Emergency Force in West Asia and was the first Indian casualty in the peacekeeping operations.
		The egg-shaped medal is made of clear lead crystal and engraved with the name and date of the death of recipient, the UN logo and the inscriptions 'The Dag Hammarskjold Medal: In the Service of Peace' in English and French.
	www.rediff.com /news/2002/mar/15un.htm (231 words)

	Mapleleafweb.com: Features - Peacekeeping - A Brief History of UN peacekeeping missions
		Emergency General Assembly session establishes UNEF I (first armed UN peacekeeping force) to supervise withdrawal of invading forces and act as buffer between Egyptians and Israelis.
		UN observers conclude mission in 1991 after confirming withdrawal of both sides’ forces to internationally recognized boundaries.
		After suspension of hostilities undertaken by a coalition of UN Member States to reverse Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait and restore peace and security in the region, Security Council establishes UNIKOM in 1991 to monitor demilitarized zone along Iraq-Kuwait border, deter border violations, and report on any hostile action.
	www.mapleleafweb.com /features/military/peace_keeping/history.html (993 words)

	UN News Centre
		UN officials in Bunia reported that the Force has been deploying in an increasing number of neighbourhoods in the town.
		While it is deploying in the south, it has also set up a checkpoint at the northern entrance of Bunia to prevent the entry of armed elements.
		Last week, the UN Organization Mission in the DRC (MONUC) reported that the Force would begin informing all armed groups of the "weapons-free town of Bunia" plan, which kicked off Monday.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/news/2003/06/mil-030625-unnews01.htm (294 words)

	UN Emergency!
		The UN implies that however many Jewish lives the fence may save, if it inconveniences Palestinians, it is unacceptable.
		The approach of this Report, like that of this emergency session -- ignoring the brutality of Palestinian terror, and which does not even mention the fundamental Palestinian obligation -restated in every Israeli-Palestinian agreement, and at the very outset of the Road Map -- to fight terrorism and dismantle the terrorist infrastructure, is profoundly troubling.
		If CNN and the UN had existed 3200 years ago, they would have complained about how 1 sided G-d is for sending plagues on the Egyptians and not requiring any concessions on the part of the Jews...
	www.aish.com /jewishissues/middleeast/UN_Emergency!.asp (3731 words)

	A/RES/1122 (XI) of 26 November 1956
		UN Emergency Force (UNEF I) 26 November 1956
		in resolutions 1000 (ES-I) and 1001 (ES-I) of 5 and 7 November 1956, to establish an emergency international United Nations Force (hereafter to be known as the United Nations Emergency Force) under a Chief of Command (hereafter to be known as the Commander),
		the Secretary-General to establish a United Nations Emergency Force Special Account to which funds received by the United Nations, outside the regular budget, for the purpose of meeting the expenses of the Force shall be credited, and from which payments for this purpose shall be made;
	domino.un.org /UNISPAL.NSF/a06f2943c226015c85256c40005d359c/b52713baad7c25b6852560df006912cf!OpenDocument (246 words)

	Palestine question - Emergency police force for Jerusalem - Press release (18 April 1948) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		They will form the nucleus of an emergency police force for the city and are not to be confused with the police force which the Governor-General of Jerusalem, appointed by the Trusteeship Council, is to form according to the General Assembly's partition plan.
		The Commission is ready to recommend British police officers volunteering for duty with this emergency police force for duty with the police force of whatever authority will be established in Jerusalem by the Special Session of the General Assembly.
		An experienced police officer will be engaged by the Secretariat of the Palestine Commission to proceed as soon as possible to Jerusalem to recruit the members of the emergency police force.
	domino.un.org /UNISPAL.NSF/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/8721c2cd2923d60f85256a570065978a!OpenDocument (426 words)

	afrol News - UN may send emergency force to Congo
		Under the draft resolution that had been circulated, the mandate of the proposed force would chiefly be to restore and preserve peace in the troubled region, Mr Akram said, stressing that he believed that mandate would be "robust enough" and the force would be equipped for that purpose.
		Characterising the conditions in Bunia and throughout the Congo's north-eastern Ituri province as "an emergency situation," he said that France's agreement to head the force had been predicated upon several conditions, chiefly that the Security Council authorise such a force under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, and spell out its mandate precisely.
		According to a UN spokesman in New York, fighting between the Union of Congolese Patriots (UPC) and the Ituri Patriotic Resistance Front (FRPI) was reported in the general area of Kindia, a southern part of Ituri, with casualties on both sides.
	www.afrol.com /articles/12928 (981 words)

	DR of Congo: UN human rights chief applauds deployment of emergency force (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		applauded the unanimous decision by the Security Council to authorize the deployment of an international emergency force to the Ituri district of in the northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
		The Council unanimously adopted a resolution authorizing the deployment of an international emergency force to help stabilize the situation in the DRC’s volatile northeast, where ethnic fighting has killed more than 400 people.
		Earlier Friday, the High Commissioner voiced his concern over the plight of the civilian population in Bunia and the level and extent of the atrocities committed there, especially against women and children.
	www.genocidewatch.org /CongoHCHRapplaudsMay30.htm (487 words)

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