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Topic: UN General Assembly Resolution 194

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	United Nations
		The subsequent American clarification of Resolution 338, which was the basis of Israel’s agreement to a cease-fire, established that the term "negotiation between the parties" means direct negotiations and that all agreements and maps that result from these direct negotiations be determined by agreement between the negotiating parties.
		This non-binding resolution, passed by the UN General Assembly in December 1948, usually is cited with reference to the refugee issue.
		While UN General Assembly Resolution 194 calls for those "refugees wishing to return to their homes and live at peace with their neighbors" to be able to do so, this would implicitly necessitate that the returning refugees recognize the new political realities — the creation of the State of Israel.
	www.hadassah.org /education/content/HotTopics/UN/UNResolutions.html (976 words)

	Palestinian Refugees and the Right of Return: An International Law Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		UN Resolution 194, therefore, simply reaffirms international legal principles that were already binding and which required states to allow refugees to return to their places of origin, and prohibited mass expulsion of persons - particularly on discriminatory grounds.
		Resolution 194 further affirms that those refugees choosing not to exercise their right of return are entitled to be resettled and receive compensation for their losses.
		The UN Security Council has unambiguously declared that the right of refugees (and displaced persons) to return to their homes of origin (which is strikingly similar to the way the right of return is phrased in Resolution 194) is absolute.
	www.palestine-pmc.com /details.asp?cat=3&id=467 (6790 words)

	UN Resolution Equating Zionism and Racism
		The UN General Assembly passed the one-sided Resolution 194, calling for repatriating or compensating Palestinian refugees (not a "right of return") while ignoring an equal or greater number of Jewish refugees from Arab countries.
		The subsequant failure of the UN to pressure the Arab states to negotiate with Israel based on UN Resolution 242 further eroded Israel's faith in the world body as a viable source of stability and assistance.
		In 1974, when the UN General Assembly invited Yaser Arafat to address the body, and in 1975 granted the PLO "observer status", the first time any non-nation was give such recognition or standing.
	www.palestinefacts.org /pf_1967to1991_un_zionism_racism.php (946 words)

	Legal Aspects of the Palestinian Refugee Question, by Ruth Lapidoth
		The first major UN resolution that refers to the Palestinian refugees is Resolution 194 (III) of 11 December 1948, adopted by the General Assembly.
		It should also be borne in mind that the provision concerning the refugees is but one element of the resolution that foresaw "a final settlement of all questions outstanding between" the parties, whereas the Arab states have always insisted on its implementation (in accordance with the interpretation favorable to them) independently of all other matters.
		UN General Assembly Resolution 302 (IV) of 8 December 1949, adopted at the 273rd plenary meeting.
	www.jcpa.org /jl/vp485.htm (3252 words)

	MIFTAH.ORG--United Nations Resolutions and the Middle East Peace Process
		UN General Assembly Resolution 181 provides the legal foundation for a two-state solution, and is, therefore, a vital factor to a final settlement of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.
		UN Security Council Resolution 338 was adopted by 14 votes to none (China did not vote) on October 22nd 1973 after the outbreak of the "October War." It calls on all parties involved in the conflict to cease fighting.
		UN General Assembly Resolution 194 was adopted on 11th December 1948 after the first Arab-Israeli war.
	www.miftah.org /PrinterF.cfm?DocId=85 (653 words)

	BADIL Bulletin No. 11
		Resolution 194 affirms three separate rights – i.e., right of return, right to real property restitution, and the right to compensation – and two distinct solutions (i.e., return, restitution and compensation or resettlement, restitution and compensation) governed by the principle of individual refugee choice.
		The UN Mediator in Palestine, whose recommendations formed the basis of Resolution 194, explicitly noted that the right of return should be affirmed (rather than recognized) by the United Nations.
		The UN General Assembly intended to confer upon individual refugees the “right of exercising a free choice as to their future.” By 1948, the principle of refugee choice or voluntariness had already become an established principle of refugee law and practice.
	www.badil.org /Publications/Bulletins/Bulletin-11.htm (2006 words)

	The JPost : Refugees forever?
		It should be noted that at the UN General Assembly of 11 December 1948 - Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Yemen - voted against 194, but later decided to embrace the resolution as recognition of a wholesale inalienable right of repatriation.
		Resolution 194 was originally destined to be the cornerstone of a peace process.
		Thus, the stipulation in 194 that the right of return is confined only to refugees "wishing to live in peace with their neighbors" appears far-fetched when the abyss of hatred and suspicion between the two peoples is widening.
	info.jpost.com /C003/Supplements/Refugees/9.html (1292 words)

	Legal Background to the Palestinian Right of Return
		And Resolution 513 of January 26, 1952, speaks of “reintegration either by repatriation or resettlement.” It is therefore quite clear from the plain language of these resolutions that the General Assembly did not even try to establish a binding right of return.
		U.N. Resolution 242 affirms the necessity for "achieving a just settlement of the refugee problem," but, importantly, does not mention a "right of return" or any other specific solution as the mandated or preferred way to settle that problem.
		Resolution 242 in no way applies in the Palestinian context in a way that is the same as it applies to states in the region covered by this Resolution, that had a common international border with us.
	www.eretzyisroel.org /~jkatz/legal.html (5597 words)

	UN Resolution 194
		The resolution does not specify the nationality of the refugees; recall that the Palestinian Arab refugees, who voluntarily left Israel at the urging of their leaders, are approximately equal in number to the Jews who fled persecution from Arab countries.
		Since the resolution also specifies that its recommendations would apply to refugees who wish "to live at peace with their neighbors," Arabs would be excluded.
		Therefore, any ultimate resolution of this issue will certainly be in terms of limited return (perhaps limited to the few living Arabs who actually once resided in Israel) plus a forumula of compensation for both Arabs and Jews who were displaced by events surrounding the 1948 War of Independence.
	www.palestinefacts.org /pf_1948to1967_un_194.php (427 words)

	54th Anniversary of UN General Assembly Resolution 194 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Resolution 194 did not create new law or rights - it simply reflected existing law and practice.
		Resolution 194 also reflected the deepest wishes of the refugees themselves.
		The conformity of Resolution 194 with the development of international legal principles and state practice over the past five decades lends further weight to its value as a normative framework for durable solutions for Palestinian refugees today.
	www.folkehjelp.no /English/npa_operations/asia/resolution_194.htm (893 words)

	Soap Bubble #194
		The bulk of the Resolution had as its purpose the establishment of a "Conciliation Commission," whose role was to facilitate the achievement of peace between Israel and the Arab states.
		Within the context of this Resolution the refugee problem is referred to and the Commission was supposed to study the possibilities either of repatriation or of compensation, but all this within the general context of the peace settlement" (2).
		Resolution 194 died immediately after it was born.
	www.gamla.org.il /english/article/2001/april/b2.htm (1259 words)

	UN General Assembly Resolution 1237 \|\| Documents \|\| CGGL.org
		Recalling its resolutions 212 (111) of 19 November 1948 and 194 (III) of 11 December 1948, affirming in particular the provisions of paragraph 11 of the latter resolution,
		Expresses its appreciation to the Governments which have generously responded to the appeal embodied in its resolution 212 (111), and to the appeal of the Secretary-General, to contribute in kind or in funds to the alleviation of the conditions of starvation and distress amongst the Palestine refugees;
		UN General Assembly Resolutions documenting and condemning the habitual violation by Israel of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 - 07/28/2006
	www.cggl.org /scripts/document.asp?id=46266 (839 words)

	The Thirty-Third Session of The Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers
		Resolution N. On the Cause of Palestine, the City of Al-Quds Al-Sharif and the Arab-Israeli Conflict.
		Reaffirms all the resolutions adopted by the Islamic Conferences and Al-Quds Committee concerning the Cause of Palestine and the Arab-Israeli conflict.
		It reaffirms the previous Islamic resolutions which reject all the actions taken by the Israeli occupation authorities aimed at changing the legal, natural and demographic status of the occupied Syrian Arab Golan, considering these actions null and void and a violation to international agreements and to UN Charter and resolutions.
	www.oic-oci.org /baku2006/english/33-icfm-pal-en.htm (4083 words)

	Mideast Dispatch Archive: The question of Palestinian refugees
		UN General Assembly Resolution 194 of 11 December 1948 does not recognize any "right" to return, but recommends that the refugees "should" be "permitted" to return, subject to two conditions — that the refugee wishes to return, and that he wishes to live at peace with his neighbors.
		UN General Assembly Resolution 393 of 2 December 1950 recommended the "reintegration of the refugees into the economic life of the Near East, either by repatriation or resettlement"
		The third legal problem pertaining to refugees is the question of whether they have a right to compensation for their lost property, and to a subsidy for their rehabilitation, i.e., integration or resettlement or return, respectively.25 General international law recognizes the obligation to pay compensation in case of confiscation of property belonging to foreigners.
	www.tomgrossmedia.com /mideastdispatches/archives/000696.html (3216 words)

	Palestinian Refugees Right of Return - Zionism and Israel - Issues and Answers FAQ
		Thousands of Jews were displaced from areas conquered by the Arab forces as well, and some became refugees for a while.In December 1948, UN General Assembly Resolution 194 called for return of refugees who were willing to live in peace with their neighbors.
		To deal with the refugee problem, the UN created the UNRWA agency, which was thought to be a temporary measure until a permanent resolution of the refugee problem could be effected.
		Resolutions of the UN General assembly are not binding in international law, and therefore resolution 194 does not establish any principle of international law.
	www.zionism-israel.com /issues/return_detail.html (2450 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Region \| Challenge of the refugees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The US position on the refugee question is in theory based on UN General Assembly Resolution 194, which recognises the right of Palestinian refugees to repatriation or compensation.
		This was followed by an attempt by President Jimmy Carter's administration to settle the refugee issue in 1976, which again invoked General Assembly Resolution 194 as a basis for negotiation.
		Among these has been the emergence of a new generation of historians in Israel who have devoted their efforts to showing that the forced migration of Palestinians in the late 1940s took place at the hands either of the British Mandate Government or at the hands of armed Jewish militias.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /1999/461/re8.htm (1198 words)

	A/RES/37/194. Principles of medical ethics
		Resolution 37/194 111th plenary meeting 18 December 1982 37/194.
		Calls upon all Governments to give the Principles of Medical Ethics, together with the present resolution, the widest possible distribution, in particular among medical and paramedical associations, and institutions of detention or imprisonment in an official language of the State; 3.
		Invites all relevant intergovernmental organizations, in particular the World Health Organization, and non-governmental organizations concerned to bring the Principles of Medical Ethics to the attention of the widest possible group of individuals, especially those active in the medical and paramedical field.
	www.un.org /documents/ga/res/37/a37r194.htm (315 words)

	Middle East - Background Documents - UN Resolution 194
		Until the departure of the British, fighting was conducted on the Arab side exclusively by Palestinian irregulars and volunteers organized by the Arab League and Fawzi El-Kaukji.
		Resolution 194, presented below, was meant to deal with this problem as well as others, with a view to ending the war.
		The resolution concerning internationalization of Jerusalem, based on Resolution 181, had been a dead letter from the beginning.
	www.ariga.com /peacewatch/194.htm (979 words)

	United Nations General Assembly Resolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A United Nations General Assembly Resolution is voted on by all member states of the United Nations in the General Assembly and requires a simple majority (50% of all votes plus one) to pass (with the exception of 'important questions which require two-thirds majority').
		Resolution 47/181: The partition of the British Mandate of Palestine.
		Resolution 505: Threats to the political independence and territorial integrity of China (Republic of China) and to the peace of the Far East, resulting from Soviet violations of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance of 14 August 1945 and from Soviet violations of the Charter of the United Nations
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/UN_General_Assembly_Resolution (288 words)

	[No title]
		The idea of the 'Jewish State' as represented in UN resolutions is diametrically opposed the idea of the 'Jewish State' in the political Zionist sense of the term.
		It took the UN by far too long to realize that political Zionism is a form of racism representing a blatant violation of the norms of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the standards of international law.
		to enforce compliance with international conventions and UN resolutions and apply the standards international law on all parties involved with the Israeli- Palestinian conflict, first and foremost the Government of the State of Israel, the party in the most blatant violation thereof.
	student.cs.ucc.ie /cs1064/jabowen/IPSC/articles/article0004976.txt (1095 words)

	The Avalon Project : Creation of a Conciliation Commission for Palestine - Resolution of the General Assembly, December ...
		Resolution of the General Assembly, December 11, 1948(1)
		Calls upon the Governments and authorities concerned to extend the scope of the negotiations provided for in the Security Council's resolution of 16 November 1948 and to seek agreement by negotiations conducted either with the Conciliation Commission or directly with a view to the final settlement of all questions outstanding between them;
		Instructs the Conciliation Commission to facilitate the repatriation, resettlement and economic and social rehabilitation of the refugees and the payment of compensation, and to maintain close relations with the Director of the United Nations Relief for Palestine Refugees and, through him, with the appropriate organs and agencies of the United Nations;
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/decade/decad171.htm (752 words)

	IsraelBehindTheNews.com
		UN resolution 194 was passed in the UN on December 11, 1948.
		Article 11 of the decision says clearly: "The refugees wishing to return to their homes and live at peace with their neighbors should be permitted to do so at the earliest practicable date." Therefore there's no room for mumbo jumbo about this.
		The combination of Article 7 in Beilin's Taba document and the official language of 194 yields full Israeli and international recognition of the right of the Palestinian refugees to return to their homes in Palestine as soon as possible.
	israelvisit.co.il /cgi-bin/friendly.pl?url=Jul-11-02!poodle (712 words)

	Untitled
		Second: According to the UN General Assembly Resolution 194, the Palestinian refugees' right of return to their homes and property is a personal right for every individual and a collective right for the refugees as a whole.
		Indeed, as the UN General Assembly Resolution 194 of 1948 sets out, compensation should be paid in addition to return.
		Ninth: Israel's continued rejection of the implementation of UN General Assembly Resolution 194 of 1948, which was one of the conditions for its admission to the UN according to General Assembly Resolution 273 of May 11th, 1949, leads in effect to annulling the decision to accept its membership.
	www.1worldcommunication.org /therabatdeclaration.htm (1011 words)

	UN General Assembly Resolution 194 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		'''United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194''' http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/0/c758572b78d1cd0085256bcf0077e51a?OpenDocument was passed on December 11 1948, near the end of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
		The full text is as follows: The General Assembly, Having considered further the situation in Palestine, 1.
		Calls upon the Governments and authorities concerned to extend the scope of the negotiations provided for in the Security Council's Resolution of 16 November 1948 and to seek agreement by negotiations conducted either with the Conciliation Commission or directly with a view to the final settlement of all questions outstanding between them; 6.
	un-general-assembly-resolution-194.iqnaut.net (554 words)

	MidEast Web Documents: UN Resolution 194
		Until the departure of the British, fighting was conducted on the Arab side mostly by Palestinian irregulars and volunteers organized by the Arab League and Fawzi El-Kaukji.
		Resolution 194, presented below, was passed soon after the assassination of Count Folke Bernadotte by the Irgun, and partly expresses the anger of the UN member states over the assassination.
		The resolution was meant to deal with this problem as well as others, with a view to ending the war.
	www.mideastweb.org /194.htm (1093 words)

	UN General Assembly Resolution 303: Jerusalem as a corpus separatum - Complete Text and Introduction - 1948
		UN General Assembly resolution 303 reiterated the UN commitment to internationalization of Jerusalem, and designated it a "corpus separatum" - separate body.
		The UN had made virtually no effort to establish an international regime or to safeguard Arab and Jewish inhabitants.
		The area allotted by the UN for this international city of Jerusalem covered Jerusalem, Bethlehem and environs.
	www.mideastweb.org /ga303.htm (699 words)

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