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Topic: UN Resolution 687

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	United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Debate about Resolution 1441 therefore turns on whether, despite the absence of WMDs and the acceptance of inspections, Iraq failed to comply with the terms of the Resolution, and whether an invasion was justified in the absence of any further UN Security resolutions on the subject.
		The USA and Britain, while admitting that such a resolution was diplomatically desirable, insisted that Iraq had now been given enough time (noting also the time since the first disarmament resolutions of 1991) to disarm or provide evidence thereof, and that war was legitimized by 1441 and previous UN resolutions.
		The resolution text was drafted jointly by the United States and the UK, the result of eight weeks of tumultuous negotiations, particularly with Russia and France.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/UN_Security_Council_Resolution_1441 (1829 words)

	UN Security Council resolutions relating to Iraq
		Earlier drafts of this resolution are as follows: the US/UK drafts of 2 October 2002, 25 October 2002 and 5 November 2002; the Russian draft and the French draft of 23 October 2002.
		The subsequent exchange of letters between the UN and Iraq, agreeing to the continuation of the programme under the terms of this resolution, is dated 5 July 2001.
		In effect, this resolution reassigns some of the practical responsibility for monitoring compliance with sanctions away from the UN machinery, in the form of the 661 committee, and to the States imposing the naval blockade.
	www.casi.org.uk /info/scriraq.html (3547 words)

	Background Report Iraq (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Resolution 686 also set out a number of new obligations for Iraq to fulfill, and stated that as long as Iraq has not complied with all of these obligations, the provisions of Resolution 678 (authorizing member states to use "all necessary means") would remain in effect.
		Resolution 687 stipulates that before the comprehensive economic sanctions could be lifted, Iraq would have to accept "unconditionally and under international supervision"the destruction or removal of all nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons and ballistic missile systems with ranges greater than 150 km.
		Resolution 687 created the UN Special Commission (UNSCOM) to verify and supervise the destruction of Iraqi chemical, biological and missile capabilities,and assigned the task of dealing with Iraqi nuclear capability to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
	www.frostburg.edu /dept/posc/un/2002background.htm (5157 words)

	America's Right to Fight Iraq - Global Policy Forum - UN Security Council (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The 1991 war in defence of Kuwait was fought under the authority of UN Resolution 678, which called for the use of all necessary means to compel the withdrawal of Iraq from Kuwait and to restore international peace and security in the area.
		UN Resolution 686, passed on March 5 1991, demanded full compliance with all relevant resolutions as a condition of commencing the ceasefire.
		Crucially, Resolution 687 was passed under UN "Chapter 7" authority dealing with threats to the peace.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/issues/iraq/attack/2002/0813res.htm (1141 words)

	JURIST - O'Connell: UN Resolution 1441 - Compelling Saddam, Restraining Bush
		The argument is that the ceasefire resolution, 687 (1991), and subsequent resolutions all tie back to the one resolution, 678 (1990), which did explicitly authorize the use of force to oust Iraq from Kuwait and establish peace in the region.
		So while Resolution 687 paragraph 34 explicitly reserves to the UN Security Council the decision to take any measures against Iraq beyond sanctions, using force in the no-fly zones is arguably permissible.
		Under the UN Charter, states may only use force in individual or collective self-defense in the face of an armed attack or with the authorization of the Security Council when the Council finds a threat or breach of international peace[12].
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /forum/forumnew73.php (2483 words)

	UN, International Law and Iraq : SF Indymedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Security Council resolution 687 has been cited by the US as the establishing the zones patrolled by the US and Britain.
		Resolution 687 does establish a demilitarized zone in southern Iraq, so, prima facie, it may seem that there is some justification for the claim that the southern "no-fly zone" has been established by the UN.
		The passage of resolution 1441, the resolution setting in motion the latest set of weapons inspections, is just another instance of the US manipulating the UN without regard for international law.
	sf.indymedia.org /print.php?id=1566458 (806 words)

	Operation Desert Fox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		As part of the Gulf War cease-fire, Saddam Hussein accepted UN Resolution 687 which called upon Iraq to destroy its weapons of mass-destruction, nuclear, chemical and biological, and to desist from further developments of such weapons.
		Resolution 687 also lead to sanctions, largely still in place, and the creating of the UN Special Commission (UNSCOM) who were tasked with the monitoring of Iraq's commitment and pursuit of this resolution in removing its weapons a--enal.
		The US and UK are claiming that Resolution 687, agreed some seven years ago, gave them the right to undertake their recent raids, however other Articles of the UN require that all members of the UN Security Council agree to the commencement of military action before hand.
	www.hippy.freeserve.co.uk /desertfx.htm (2249 words)

	Tip of the Iceberg - Iran, Iraq, and North Korea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Last week after Hans Blix and the UN inspectors announced they had found missiles in Iraq that were capable of going beyond the range permitted under the 1991 UN Resolution 687 - which resulted in the cease fire resolution ending the Gulf War - the issue became whether Saddam would agree to destroy them.
		This may give the Bush administration the first clear violation of UN Resolution 1441, and it should dispel any argument that Blix is not going strictly by the book.
		UN inspectors are analyzing the site where there are bomb fragments and other purported evidence that weapons were destroyed.
	www.themoderntribune.com /tip_of_the_iceberg_-_iran,_iraq,_and_north_korea.htm (1051 words)

	US stance on Iraq: a UN compromise now likely \| csmonitor.com
		At the UN this week, Russia – who, with the US, Britain, France, and China comprise the permanent, veto-bearing members of the UN Security Council – is balking at any new resolutions.
		The US insists that a new resolution is needed to reinvigorate Resolution 687, passed in 1991, and to supercede the weaker, compromise-oriented UN resolutions of 1998 and 1999.
		Resolution 687 called for the destruction of Iraq's biological, chemical and nuclear capabilities, and for routine monitoring.
	www.csmonitor.com /2002/1002/p01s04-uspo.htm (1035 words)

	Untitled Document
		Richard Butler was the Executive Chairman of UNSCOM, the UN Special Commission to oversee the destruction of Iraq's weapons are directed by UN resolution 687 from 1997-1998 when UNSCOM was disbanded.
		687) on the location and amount of all weapons of mass destruction (chemical, biological, nuclear) and the means to deploy them with a range of over 150km, so that they may be destroyed and verified by UNSCOM.
		The US House and Senate have looked into Saddam's defiance of the UN Resolutions, and declared that “the refusal by Iraq to admit UN weapons inspector into any facility covered by the provisions of Security Council Resolution 687 should be considered an act of aggression against the United States and its allies” (The Monitoring, 5).
	www.d.umn.edu /~thom1574/researchshat.htm (3081 words)

	Canadian law professors declare US-led war illegal
		The US and British governments have claimed that their invasion is justified by UN Security Council Resolution 1441 and two old Security Council resolutions authorizing force to end the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait and setting out the terms of the cease-fire after the Persian Gulf War of 1991.
		Resolution 1441 warns of “serious consequences” of an Iraqi failure to disarm, a formulation that falls far short of allowing UN member states to use “all necessary means”—the traditional UN euphemism for armed force.
		Lowe said UN Resolution 687, agreed at the end of the 1991 Gulf War, overrode 678—the Kuwait war resolution—and was effectively part of cease-fire negotiations involving a coalition that no longer existed.
	wsws.org /articles/2003/mar2003/lawy-m22.shtml (949 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Today's issues \| UN weapons inspections
		UN inspectors are again working in Iraq - but, given the failure of previous efforts to gauge Saddam Hussein's weapons capabilities, what are their chances of success this time around?
		The ceasefire agreement of April 1991 also established a UN special commission, Unscom, whose role it was to dismantle the non-nuclear arsenal and to assist the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in dismantling Iraq's nuclear weapons programme.
		Resolution 1284, which set up Unmovic, specified that if Iraq cooperated with the new inspection team for 120 days, sanctions would be suspended and then lifted.
	www.guardian.co.uk /theissues/article/0,6512,794275,00.html (1072 words)

	Security Council Resolutions 1991
		Resolution 720 : Appointment of SG (21 Nov)
		Resolution 711 : New member: Lithuania (12 Sept)
		Resolution 702 : New members: DPR of Korea / R. of Korea (8 Aug)
	www.un.org /Docs/scres/1991/scres91.htm (151 words)

	Fact Sheet: Goods Review List for Iraq (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		This resolution, and the "Goods Review List" (GRL) it establishes, are the centerpiece of the UN effort to revise UN sanctions on Iraq to ensure the rapid and unimpeded flow of civilian goods to the Iraqi people while maintaining critical controls on militarily-useful items.
		UN escrow account for Iraqi oil revenue and restrictions on items of potential military and military-related use are maintained.
		UN Security Council resolution 687 of April 3, 1991 will remain in force.
	www.un.int /usa/02_068.htm (957 words)

	TNI Publications
		In a clear breach of the goals of Un Resolution 687 - the 1991 Iraqi cease-fire and sanctions resolution - new weapons are being shipped, escalating tensions and threatening further death and destruction in the unstable and arms-bloated Middle East.
		Resolution 687 calls for not only the disarmament of Iraq but regional disarmament as well, including creation of zones free of mass destruction throughout the Middle East.
		With the United States responsible for most of the lethal weapons flooding the arms-glutted region and legally bound by the terms of Resolution 687, cutting US arms sales to the region, while ending the murderous economic sanctions in Iraq, would be a good place to start.
	www.xs4all.nl /~tni/archives/bennis/tragedy.htm (938 words)

	CNN.com - Text of U.N. resolution on Iraq - Nov. 8, 2002
		Recalling that its resolution 678 (1990) authorized Member States to use all necessary means to uphold and implement its resolution 660 (1990) of 2 August 1990 and all relevant resolutions subsequent to Resolution 660 (1990) and to restore international peace and security in the area,
		Recalling that in its resolution 687 (1991) the Council declared that a ceasefire would be based on acceptance by Iraq of the provisions of that resolution, including the obligations on Iraq contained therein,
		Requests the Secretary General immediately to notify Iraq of this resolution, which is binding on Iraq; demands that Iraq confirm within seven days of that notification its intention to comply fully with this resolution; and demands further that Iraq cooperate immediately, unconditionally, and actively with UNMOVIC and the IAEA;
	archives.cnn.com /2002/US/11/08/resolution.text (991 words)

	UN Sanctions Against Iraq Only Serve US Ambition
		Yes, she is correct again in that Saddam failed to meet the ill-defined and open-ended requirements of UN Resolution 687.
		This is the same resolution that punished (and still does under the update known as 1284) the innocent children and people of Iraq to punish and disarm the decision makers in Baghdad, a resolution many international lawyers believe lacks all proportionality and is a breach of the Geneva Conventions prohibiting the targeting of civilians.
		Whatever the truth, the situation underlines the responsibility of those countries (and in particular the five permanent members of the UN Security Council) to stop selling, or allow to be sold, weapons of mass of destruction as in paragraph 14 of Resolution 687.
	www.commondreams.org /views/081100-104.htm (1510 words)

	JINSA Online -- Spring 1998 Board Resolution - Israel
		Whereas UN Resolution 242 remains the cornerstone of Arab-Israeli peace efforts, despite the fact that the Arab states (and the Palestinians, by extension) have not complied with their obligations under the Resolution;
		Resolution 242 was written to underscore the legitimacy of Israeli occupation of territories until the Arab states conform their behavior to the international norm.
		However, despite the explicit request in the Accords (Section 8, item 6) that the UN Security Council "endorse the peace treaties and ensure that their provisions shall not be violated," they were specifically not sanctioned by the UN.
	www.jinsa.org /articles/view.html?documentid=455 (1704 words)

	[No title]
		The resolution was prompted by a report, written by the Australian of UNSCOM, Richard Butler, critical of Iraq's lack of cooperation.
		The Iraqi news agency reported that Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein has asked the UN for ``complete clarity regarding a total lifting of the embargo, starting with a legal and strict implementation of the disarmament clause of UN resolution 687'' imposed after the Gulf War.
		According to Iraq's UN mission, out of 222 contracts submitted, by March 2 only nine had been approved, accounting for $136 million of the $700 million in the ``Iraq account'' for the purchase of medicines and food.
	www.blythe.org /nytransfer-subs/97cov/Western_Hypocrisy_on_Iraq-GL_Wkly (1100 words)

	Reasons for WAR - single post for printer
		How is it that we can use a broken UN resolution as an excuse to invade another country, when we, at the same time, were telling the UN that they couldn't tell us what to do.
		Bush said we were protecting the credibility of the UN, by telling them to go to hell and acting without their approval, to enforce their resolution.
		This way we would be protecting the credibility of the UN by honoring and upholding the resolution, otherwise a resolution from the UN would "hold no water".
	www.abovetopsecret.com /forum/single.php?post=396077 (372 words)

	Episcopal News Service
		A resolution proposed by Bishop Richard Harries of Oxford, representing the Church of England, declared that the ACC welcomes the proposed return of UN weapons inspectors to Iraq and calls on the government of Iraq to comply fully with UN resolution 687.
		The resolution also states that 'on present evidence, military action against Iraq is not morally justified' and calls for sanctions to be lifted, subject to certain conditions.
		Each resolution was unanimously passed by the ACC members, composed of episcopal, clergy and lay representatives from each of the 38 provinces of the worldwide Anglican Communion.
	www.episcopalchurch.org /3577_20274_ENG_Print.html (221 words)

	A New UN Resolution on Iraq
		For all the focus on the return of UN inspectors, the original objective of UN action on Iraq should remain paramount -- that is, elimination of Iraq's weapons of mass destruction (WMD).
		The problems caused by incomplete Iraqi disclosures were documented by a panel of arms- control experts appointed in 1999 by UN Secretary General Kofi Annan; few of these experts hailed from countries that were close allies of the United States or Britain, and the panel was chaired by Brazil's UN ambassador Celso Amorim.
		Security Council Resolution 1284, which established the UN Monitoring, Verification, and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC), is ambiguous, even inconsistent, as Russia has been arguing for the past two years (of course, Russia wants to resolve the ambiguities by reducing rather than increasing Saddam's obligations).
	www.aijac.org.au /updates/Sep-02/300902.html (3951 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Region \| In good faith?
		The resolution seeks to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid to Iraq while tightening the 11-year-old arms embargo and trade sanctions imposed after Iraqi President Saddam Hussein's 1990 invasion of Kuwait.
		Resolution 1409 extends the UN oil-for-food programme for six months, and completely overhauls the arrangements allowing Iraq to sell oil for humanitarian aid that were put into place in 1996.
		Its ambassador to the UN also noted how certain major world powers, in a reference to the US, were adamant about applying resolutions against Iraq, while ignoring scores of others passed against Israel.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2002/587/re9.htm (1031 words)

	France, Russia May Fight US Over UN Sanctions
		A virtual guerrilla war is going on in the UN sanctions committee, which decides which humanitarian contracts can be honoured, with the UK and US on one side, and Russia and France on the other.
		Now that France and Russia's views must be sought for a new UN resolution, they are likely to argue for the return of UN weapons inspectors to certify that weapons of mass destruction have been eliminated, in line with international law as enshrined in UN resolution 687.
		France and Russia, which have pushed for the UN to retain a central post-war role in Iraq, may use the opportunity to address the post-war situation, and to push for a resolution authorising the UN to rule the country through a special representative, as happened in Kosovo and East Timor.
	www.rense.com /general37/SANC.HTM (652 words)

	ADL Backgrounder - The Crisis with Iraq
		Because a UN mediation team failed to break the deadlock, the United States resumed surveillance flights over Iraq and did not rule out the option of using a military strike in order to assert its full rights to participate in all UNSCOM activities.
		Russia and China, Iraq’s traditional allies on the UN Security Council, expressed clear opposition to the use of force and sent representatives to Baghdad to pursue diplomatic channels.
		President Clinton’s final decision was made after two additional letters were sent to the UN Security Council by Iraqi Ambassador to the UN Nizar Hamdoon offering unconditional Iraqi cooperation with the weapons inspectors and renouncing Iraq’s August and October refusals to comply with UNSCOM workers.
	www.adl.org /backgrounders/iraq_crisis.asp (1581 words)

	The Iraq War - An Islamic View
		This Iraqi retreat from Kuwait was followed by a “cease-fire” agreement with the government of Iraq in March 1991 and the forced acceptance of UN resolution 687 in April 1991.
		When comparing this UN rule to the Quran’s law, we find that the Quran permits all nations to posses weapons at all times for both self-defense and also to deter the state’s enemies from undertaking or planning covert or overt hostile action.
		The fact that the Iraqi government has accepted the terms of this resolution based on their military defeat in 1991 is also null and void as laws that contradict the laws of God cannot be allowed to stand even if all parties have agreed to them.
	www.free-minds.org /articles/politics/iraqwar.htm (4517 words)

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