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Topic: UN Security Council Resolution 452

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	Palestine - Historical Documents
		UN Resolution 181(II) B The general assembly, Authorizes the secretary general to draw from the working capital fund a sum not to exceed $2,000,000 for the purposes set forth in the last paragraph of the resolution on the future government of Palestine.
		The Security Council, 1.Calls upon all parties to the present fighting to cease all fighting and to terminate all military activity Immediately, no later than 12 hours after the movement of the adoption of this decision, in the positions they now occupy.
		However, the members of the council are of the view that there is not unanimity as to when would be the appropriate time for such a conference.
	members.tripod.com /~khaleelee/un-res.html (1262 words)

	Legal flaws in the compensation regime
		The UN Security Council has neither power nor legal competence, in accordance with the UN Charter, particularly chapter VII to settle compensation issues arising from state liability, although it has, in principle, the competence to determine state liability as contained in resolution 674 (1990).
		The reduction, by the Security Council, of that rate to 25% at present is not attributed to the understanding, by the Security Council, of Iraq's essential needs, but rather to dubious political compromises in the Security Council with a view to letting pass the package of compensation for the Kuwaiti Oil Company.
		Paragraph (16) of the Security Council resolution 687 provided that Iraq's debts and commitments which had originated before August 2, 1990 be excluded from the mandate of the Commission on condition that they are settled in accordance with the normal mechanisms.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/library/news/iraq/2002/020716_legal.htm (2268 words)

	Jews Against the Occupation
		Resolution 271: condemns Israel's failure to obey UN resolutions on Jerusalem.
		Resolution 517: censures Israel for failing to obey UN resolutions and demands that Israel withdraw its forces from Lebanon.
		Resolution 681: deplores Israel's resumption of the deportation of Palestinians.
	jatonyc.org /UNresolutions.html (980 words)

	Is the Authorization Authorized? Powers and Practice of the UN Security Council to Authorize the Use of Force by ...
		This model of `delegated enforcement action' is not explicitly mentioned in the UN Charter as one of the methods available to the Security Council (with the exception of enforcement action by regional arrangements or agencies: Article 53(1)).
		When the United Nations Security Council provides the authorization for countries to use force, these countries are fully accountable for their actions to the Council through a clear system of reporting and accountability, which is not adequately covered in resolution 678 (1990).
		To accommodate these concerns, the preamble of Resolution 1203 reaffirmed that `under the Charter of the United Nations, primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security is conferred on the Security Council'.
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol11/No3/art1-01.html (2533 words)

	UN Resolutions
		Israel maintains that since the resolution speaks of "territories" and not "the territories" it does not mean withdrawal from all the occupied lands; opponents counter this by pointing to the resolution's preamble which speaks of "the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war."
		The resolution was pushed by the Eastern Bloc and African states that accused Israel of supporting the apartheid government in South Africa.
		The resolution was passed by a vote of 72 to 35, with 32 abstentions.
	www.desert-voice.net /un_resolutions.htm (560 words)

	US Has No Moral Authority to Lecture UN - US Policy and the UN
		Indeed, my research indicates that there are more than 90 UN Security Council resolutions currently being violated by countries other than Iraq, the vast majority of which are allies of the United States that have received large-scale military, economic and diplomatic support from the US government.
		UN Security Council resolutions 446, 452 and 465 require that Israel evacuate all of its illegal settlements on occupied Arab lands.
		In addition to the United States blocking the enforcement of such UN Security Council resolutions, the United States has used its veto power 30 times to protect Israel from demands that it end its violations of human rights and international law in the Occupied Territories and attacks against neighbouring states.
	www.globalpolicy.org /unitedstates/unpolicy/gen2003/0415moral.htm (1236 words)

	United Nations Security Council Resolution 452 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		United Nations Security Council Resolution 452 was on the issue of the Israeli settlements in the Palestinian territories of East Jerusalem, the West Bank, Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights, specifically the illegality thereof.
		Chapter 7 resolutions are decisions for Action with Respect to Threats to the Peace, involving use of force and sanctions, complete or partial interruption of economic relations, rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic radio and other means of communication and the severance of diplomatic relations.
		Resolutions passed under Chapter 7 of the Charter are binding on all UN members, who are required to give every assistance to any action taken by the Council, and refrain from giving any assistance to the country against which it is taking enforcement action." Iran dossier crosses the Atlantic: Where to from here?
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/UN_Security_Council_Resolution_452 (1198 words)

	Yorkshire CND - US Double Standards - 10/10/02
		Security Council Resolutions 446, 452 and 465 require that Israel evacuate all its illegal settlements on occupied Arab lands.
		The sections of Security Council Resolution 687 (demanding Iraqi disarmament) currently violated by Iraq, in contrast, are unprecedented infringements of traditional concepts of national sovereignty and apply to that country only.
		According to Articles 41 and 42 of the UN Charter, no member state has the right to enforce any resolution militarily unless the Security Council determines that there has been a material breach of the resolution, decides that all nonmilitary means of enforcement have been exhausted and specifically authorizes the use of military force.
	www.cndyorks.gn.apc.org /news/articles/iraq/usdoublestandards.htm (675 words)

	Unanimous UN Security Council vote for "cessation of hostilities" : Indybay
		UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan told Council members before the vote he was "relieved" but summed up international frustration.
		The Security Council also decided to enhance the existing 1,990-strong U.N. Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) into a larger 15,000-strong force to act as a buffer between the warring parties and assist the Lebanese military in monitoring the cessation of hostilities.
		All members of this Council must be aware that its inability to act sooner has badly shaken the world's faith in its authority and integrity, Annan said taking passing shot at the five permanent members of the Council, namely the United States, Britain, France, Russia and China, who were painfully slow to respond.
	www.indybay.org /newsitems/2006/08/13/18296841.php (1729 words)

	Palestine-UN.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Similar resolutions are passed yearly, calling on Israel to desist from violating the human rights of the inhabitants of the occupied territories, expressing grave concern at Israeli violations of the Fourth Geneva Convention and calling upon Israel to comply with its provisions.
		Since the request for participation was not made under either article 37 or article 39 of the rules of procedure of the Council, the Council adopts a procedural decision, by 9 votes, under which the PLO is granted the same rights of participation as if it were a member state under article 37.
		The resolution also establishes a Commission consisting of three members of the Security Council to examine the situation relating to settlements and requests the Commission to submit a report to the Council.
	www.palestine-un.org /chron/seventies.html (1341 words)

	The Avalon Project : United Nations Security Council Resolution 452 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Taking note of the report and recommendations of the Security Council Commission established under resolution 446 (1979) to examine the situation relating to settlements in the Arab territories occupied since 1967, including Jerusalem, contained in document S/13450,
		Bearing in mind the specific status of Jerusalem, and reconfirming pertinent Security Council resolutions concerning Jerusalem and in particular the need to protect and preserve the unique spiritual and religious dimension of the Holy Places in that city,
		Requests the Commission, in view of the magnitude of the problem of settlements, to keep under close survey the implementation of the present resolution and to report back to the Security Council before 1 November 1979.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/un/un452.htm (323 words)

	UN&Israel Palestine : Israel Palestine : Emerging Crises : Areas of Work : QUNO-NY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The significance of resolution 181 lies in its establishment of the parity of the two peoples in their rights to establish states on the former mandated territory of Palestine.
		The United Nations Security Council, however, passed resolution 478, which affirmed this act as a ‘violation of international law’, determined the annexation of Jerusalem as ‘null and void’ and called for the annexation to be ‘rescinded forthwith’.
		Security Council Resolution 452 states that the Israeli settlement programme “has no legal validity and constitutes a violation of the Fourth Geneva Convention.” The Council has called upon Israel to “cease, on an urgent basis, the establishment, construction and planning of settlements in the Arab territories occupied since 1967, including Jerusalem”
	www.quno.org /emergingconflicts/israel-palestine/crisesIsrael-PUN.htm (927 words)

	IN DAY-LONG SECURITY COUNCIL MEETING, PALESTINE OBSERVER SAYS ISRAELI SECURITY WALL INVOLVES DE FACTO ANNEXATION OF ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Security Council met this morning to consider the situation in the Middle East, including the Palestine question, at the request of the Chair of the Arab Group, Syria, on behalf of the League of Arab States.
		He was concerned about the increase of violence, such as the attack in Haifa. It highlighted the need for both sides to find a resolution to the conflict. He called on leaders of both sides to commit to the peace process and to implement their respective obligations under the Road Map.
		It was necessary for the Council to compel Israel to end construction of the wall, he said. He asked the Council to do its utmost to bring about a reactivation of the Road Map, which was the only way forward to provide for Israeli security and a Palestinian state.
	www.un.org /News/Press/docs/2003/sc7895.doc.htm (1092 words)

	Timor Leste - Country Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		While traditional conflict resolution methods emphasized respect for the wisdom of the patriarchal society and did not allow for women to sit on the decision making panel, a return to those practices after being active members of the independence struggle may not be feasible.
		The UN Transitional Administration in Timor-Leste (UNTAET), which was established on 25 October 1999 to administer the territory, exercise legislative and executive authority during the transitional period, and support capacity building for self- government, included in the mission mandate the upholding of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW).
		"Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security emphasized the importance of ensuring the full involvement of women in all aspects of promoting and maintaining peace and security and in peacebuilding, and the need to increase their role in decision-making.
	www.womenwarpeace.org /timor_leste/timor_leste.htm (12339 words)

	Foreign Policy In Focus \| The United States, the UN, and the Lebanon Ceasefire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In addition, the resolution speaks of “ the need to address urgently the causes that have given rise to the current crisis, including the unconditional release of the abducted Israeli soldiers.” The original U.S. draft referred to the seizure of the Israeli soldiers as the single “root cause” of the crisis.
		That the resolution would essentially blame Hezbollah for initiating the conflict while not criticizing Israel's widespread violations of international humanitarian law indicates that, despite compromising on a number of key points, the United States had a heavy hand in shaping the final version of the resolution.
		The inability of the UN to stop the fighting earlier and the weakness of the resulting compromise demonstrate that the power of the United States in the Security Council severely restricts the UN from fulfilling its principal mandate to prevent aggression by one state against another.
	www.fpif.org /fpiftxt/3458 (1273 words)

	What about Israel’s defiance of UN resolutions? - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Resolution 242 (November 22, 1967): Termination of all claims or states of belligerency and respect for and acknowledgement of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of every State in the area.
		Resolution 446 (1979): 'determines' that Israeli settlements are a 'serious obstruction' to peace and calls on Israel to abide by the Fourth Geneva Convention"..
		Resolution 497 (17 December 1981) decides that Israel's annexation of Syria's Golan Heights is 'null and void' and demands that Israel rescinds its decision forthwith.
	www.aljazeera.com /me.asp?service_ID=12207 (1792 words)

	The Arab Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism: A serious threat to human rights - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Arab Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism was adopted by the Council of Arab Ministers of Interior and the Council of Arab Ministers of Justice of the League of Arab States in Cairo, Egypt on 22 April 1998.
		Security Council Resolution 1373 was adopted under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, and is therefore binding on all UN member states.
		The Council has called on states to take steps to suppress the financing of such acts, to refrain from supporting them, to ensure that those participating in them are brought to justice, and to take special measures in respect of asylum seekers.
	web.amnesty.org /library/index/engior510012002 (11294 words)

	UN Office of the Iraq Program - Oil for Food: About the Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		UN oil overseers approved five new oil purchase contracts for the week.
		The oil-for-food programme was established by the Security Council on 14 April 1995.
		The balance goes to: Gulf War reparations through a Compensation Fund (25 per cent since December 2000); UN administrative and operational costs for the programme (2.2 per cent) and costs for the weapons inspection programme (0.8 per cent).
	www.un.org /Depts/oip/background/latest/wu030304.html (694 words)

	Palestine-UN.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Requests the Secretary-General to submit a comprehensive report on the efforts undertaken by the U.N. pertaining to the situation in the Middle East since June 1967 and to invite Ambassador Gunnar Jarring, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, to be available during the Council's meetings.
		Deplores the refusal of the Israeli Government to receive the mission of the Secretary-General to the region in violation of resolution 672 (1990); urges the government to reconsider its decision and insists that it comply fully with resolution 672 (1990); and requests the Secretary-General to submit the report requested in that resolution.
		Reaffirming resolutions 242 (1967), 338 (1973), 1397 (2002) and the Madrid principles.
	www.palestine-un.org /res/1a.html (3839 words)

	News Archive: June 2000
		Nevertheless, the new resolution, number 1302, does contain some new elements, many of which were anticipated in resolution 1284, adopted in 1999 but not yet accepted by the government of Iraq.
		In general, the resolution gives the UN Secretary-General greater authority over implementation, and attempts to simplify and speed up the procedures for contract approval by the Sanctions Committee of the Security Council and to make financial transactions more timely and efficient.
		-Paragraph 8 of the resolution allows the approval of water and sanitation to supplies to be streamlined and expedited by exempting a pre-approved list of such supplies from the requirement of further approval on a contract by contract basis.
	www.iraqfoundation.org /news/2000/fjun/12_un.html (652 words)

	News Archives 1998
		According to the UN coordinator in Baghdad, Iraq is to submit its "oil-for-food" distribution plan within the next few days.
		Today, the Security Council accepted a recommendation by chief UN weapons inspector, Richard Butler, for lifting a travel ban imposed last November 12 on Iraqi officials who interferred with arms inspections.
		Furthermore, the Security Council never idetified the Iraqi officials who were theoretically affected by the ban.
	www.iraqfoundation.org /news/1998/emay/08_roundup.html (256 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Currently, the UN has different mechanisms under which it designates groups and individuals as terrorists, and the U.S. government also uses a variety of definitions of terrorism in drawing up its lists of terrorists.
		On October 8, 2004, UN Security Council member nations unanimously passed Security Council resolution 1566 (2004), which was a strong step towards codifying international law concerning acts of terrorism.
		The UN 1267 Committee administers the execution by states of the sanctions imposed by the Security Council on individuals and entities belonging or related to the Taliban, al-Qaeda, and Osama bin Laden and will consider adding them to a list it maintains for this purpose.
	www.washingtoninstitute.org /templateC05.php?CID=2215 (1067 words)

	UN allows Israel to make interpretation: ‘Offensive operations’ -DAWN - International; August 13, 2006
		On Friday, the 15-member Security Council unanimously adopted another resolution — this time calling for a “cessation of hostilities” between Israel and Hezbollah in a brutal five-week-old war in which the Israelis failed to gain victory.
		On the contrary, the US and Israeli governments last month insisted on the implementation of Security Council resolution 1559 adopted last year — and which is apparently favourable to Israel — mandating the disarming and disbanding of Hezbollah.
		One Arab diplomat told IPS that the focus of the international community should not be on just a single resolution: “You cannot be selective on which resolution should be implemented and which shouldn’t.” Asked about cherry-picking UN resolutions, Secretary-General Kofi Annan told reporters last month: “All UN resolutions must be implemented.
	www.dawn.com /2006/08/13/int9.htm (785 words)

	Documents on the Arab-Israeli Conflict - CAABU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		UN General Assembly Resolution (ES-10/14) - Illegal Israeli actions in Occupied East Jerusalem and the rest of the Occupied Palestinian Territory - 8th December 2003
		UN General Assembly Resolution (ES-10/13) - Illegal Israeli actions in Occupied East Jerusalem and the rest of the Occupied Palestinian Territory - 21st October 2003
		Security Council fails to adopt Resolution on Middle East situation, to condemn use of force, encourage monitoring mechanism - 14 December 2001
	www.caabu.org /press/documents/arab-israeli-documents.html (2236 words)

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