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Topic: UN Security Council Resolution 687

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UN Security Council Resolution 687

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	Security Council Resolutions 1991 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Resolution 720 : Appointment of SG (21 Nov)
		Resolution 713 : Socialist Federal Rep. of Yugoslavia (25 Sept)
		Resolution 685 : Iraq-Islamic Republic of Iran (31 Jan)
	www.un.org /Docs/scres/1991/scres91.htm (151 words)

	United Nations Security Council Resolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Resolution 678 in 1990: Authorizes member states to use all necessary means to uphold and implement resolution 660 and all subsequent relevant resolutions and to restore international peace and security in the area [Kuwait].
		Resolution 1546 in 2004: Endorses the beginning of Iraq’s transition to a democratically elected government, the end of the occupation, and the assumption of full responsibility and authority by a fully sovereign and independent Interim Government of Iraq by 30 June 2004.
		Resolution 1559 in September 2, 2004: calls on Syria to cease intervening in Lebanese internal politics, withdraw from Lebanon, and for the disbanding of all Lebanese militias.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/UN_Security_Council_Resolution (588 words)

	Research
		Resolution 1153, 20 February 1998 The Security Council increases the amount of oil-for-food revenues Iraq is able to generate to $5.256 billion for a new period of 180 days.
		Resolution 1137, 12 November 1997 The Security Council condemns Iraq's refusal to allow two UN weapons inspectors into Iraq because of their nationality,denounces Iraq's threat to the safety of reconnaissance aircraft and stresses that Iraq's removal of equipment from certain sites is unacceptable.
		Resolution 949, 15 October 1994 The Security Council condemns Iraq's military deployments near the Iraq/Kuwait border and demands that Iraq return military units to original positions and cease using hostile military force to threaten its neighbors or UN operations in Iraq.
	www.iraqfoundation.org /research.html (1898 words)

	UN Security Council resolutions relating to Iraq
		Earlier drafts of this resolution are as follows: the US/UK drafts of 2 October 2002, 25 October 2002 and 5 November 2002; the Russian draft and the French draft of 23 October 2002.
		The subsequent exchange of letters between the UN and Iraq, agreeing to the continuation of the programme under the terms of this resolution, is dated 5 July 2001.
		In effect, this resolution reassigns some of the practical responsibility for monitoring compliance with sanctions away from the UN machinery, in the form of the 661 committee, and to the States imposing the naval blockade.
	www.casi.org.uk /info/scriraq.html (3547 words)

	No, this war is illegal - theage.com.au
		Resolution 678 gave Iraq until January 15, 1991, to withdraw from Kuwait and, if that deadline was not met, authorised the use by UN members of all necessary means for the specific purpose of upholding earlier resolutions.
		Resolution 660 made the determination required by the UN charter as a precondition for the collective use of force, that the invasion constituted a breach of international peace and security.
		Resolution 1441, of November 8, 2002, can be read as a further and more detailed response to Iraq's failure to satisfy the relevant authorities that it has fully complied with the obligation to destroy all weapons of mass destruction set out in resolution 687.
	www.theage.com.au /articles/2003/03/18/1047749770379.html (949 words)

	Iraq: The British legal background
		Following its invasion and annexation of Kuwait, the Security Council authorized the use of force agaisnt [sic] Iraq in resolution 678(1990); this resolution authorized coalition forces to use all necessary means to force Iraq to withdraw, and to restore international peace and security in the area.
		The conditions for the cease-fire in that resolution (and subsequent resolutions) imposed obligations on Iraq with regard to the elimination of WMD and monitoring of its obligations.
		This view is not consisent [sic] with resolution 687, which does not deal with the repression of the Iraqi civilian population, or with resolution 688, which was not adopted under Chapter VII of the UN Charter and does not contain any provision for enforcement.
	www.infowars.com /articles/iraq/bombshell_docs_brit_legal_bg.htm (1564 words)

	[ Crisis in Iraq ]
		Blix further informs the council that experts from UN member states have determined that the Al-Sumud 2 missile is capable of exceeding 150 kilometers -- the maximum range allowed by the UN -- and is thus a proscribed weapon under UN Security Council Resolution 687, from 1991.
		The UN Security Council adopts Resolution 899, stating that Iraqi citizens are entitled to compensation for a loss of assets resulting from the demarcation of the Iraq-Kuwait border.
		The UN Security Council adopts Resolution 833, demanding that Iraq and Kuwait respect the inviolability of the demarcation of the Iraq-Kuwait border established by the UN.
	www.rferl.org /specials/iraqcrisis/iraq-timeline.asp (2626 words)

	UNSCOM and Iraqi Missiles - Iraq Special Weapons
		UN Security Council Resolution 687, the cease-fire agreement ending the Kuwait war, has effectively eliminated whatever remained of the Iraqi ballistic missile capability after the extensive bombing during the war.
		To verify Iraq's compliance with these undertakings, in resolution 687 (1991) the Security Council requested the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Special Commission, to develop the plan for future monitoring and verification, which was approved by the Council in its resolution 715 (1991) of 11 October 1991.
		In paragraph 7 of resolution 715 (1991) the Council called for the development of a mechanism for monitoring any future sales or supplies by other countries to Iraq of items relevant to the implementation of section C of resolution 687 (1991).
	www.gulflink.osd.mil /scud_info/scud_info_refs/n41en012/unscom.htm (3527 words)

	Chronology of security related events
		The UN Security Council adopts, by a vote of 11 to 0 (China, France, Malaysia and Russia abstain), Resolution 1284, establishing the UN Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC).
		UN Secretary-General Annan and Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz sign, in Baghdad, a Memorandum of Understand-ing in which Iraq reaffirms its acceptance of all relevant UN Security Council resolutions and reiterates its undertaking to cooperate fully with UNSCOM and the IAEA and to allow their inspectors immediate, uncondi-tional and unrestricted access to all sites.
		UN sanctions would cease to apply when two-thirds of Iraqi forces are withdrawn, and the withdrawal is to be completed within 21 days.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~gktemple/iraq/securitychronology.htm (1031 words)

	ASIL Insight--Use of Force to Induce Iraq to Comply with Security Council Resolutions
		Resolution 687 imposed several obligations on Iraq, including the obligation to accept the neutralization under international supervision of its chemical, biological and medium- or long-range missile capabilities.
		Finally, the Council decided to remain seized of the matter "and to take such further steps as may be required for the implementation of the present resolution and to secure peace and security in the area." Resolution 687 remains in force and was one of the key resolutions the Security Council mentioned in Resolution 1137.
		Again taking the earlier Resolution 678 literally, it might be said to authorize member states to use all necessary means to uphold and implement Resolution 687, since Resolution 678 gave member states the authority to uphold all "relevant resolutions" subsequent to Resolution 660, and Resolution 687 is such a resolution.
	www.asil.org /insights/insigh12.htm (808 words)

	The Dubious Legality of the Iraq War - by Gordon Prather
		Resolution 678 is the only resolution that has authorized the use of "all necessary means" by member states against Iraq.
		Resolution 687 imposed economic sanctions that were not to be lifted until Iraq was once again in substantial compliance with all UN arms conventions, including the NPT.
		By mid-1998, on the basis of reports submitted to them by the Commission, most members of the Security Council were of the opinion that Iraq was in substantial compliance with Resolution 687 and most wanted to lift the economic sanctions.
	www.antiwar.com /prather/?articleid=5791 (869 words)

	UN Security Council Resolution 1441
		The United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1441 by a vote of 15-0 on November 8, requiring Iraq to admit inspectors from the UN Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
		UN inspectors now have the authority to prohibit the movement of vehicles and aircraft around sites they wish to inspect in order to prevent Iraq from moving weapons materials.
		The new resolution states that this is Iraq’s “final opportunity to comply with its disarmament obligations” and requires that reports from inspectors and member states about Iraqi noncompliance that could constitute “material breach” of the resolution be referred to the Security Council.
	www.edenbridgetown.com /ethics/reference/war/un_res_1441.shtml (2388 words)

	Global Exchange : zunes.html
		Iraq is currently in violation of part of one section of UN Security Council Resolution 687 (and a series of subsequent resolutions reiterating that segment) requiring full cooperation with United Nations inspectors ensuring that Iraq's weapons of mass destruction, delivery systems, and facilities for manufacturing such weapons are destroyed.
		As is normally the case when it is determined that governments violate all or part of UN resolutions, any decision about the enforcement of its resolutions is a matter for the UN Security Council as a wholeÑnot for any one member of the council.
		This is what the Security Council did in November 1990 with Resolution 678 in response to Iraq's ongoing occupation of Kuwait in violation of a series of resolutions passed that August.
	www.globalexchange.org /countries/mideast/iraq/zunes.html (5272 words)

	Document: Security Council resolution 1441, 8 November 2002
		Resolution on the return of weapons inspectors to Iraq, adopted unanimously by the UN Security Council on 8 November 2002.
		In this regard, we register with satisfaction the declarations of the representatives of the United States and the United Kingdom confirming this understanding in their explanations of vote, and assuring that the goal of the resolution is the full implementation of the existing Security Council resolutions on Iraq's weapons of mass destruction disarmament.
		Therefore, this resolution fully respects the competences of the Security Council in the maintenance of international peace and security, in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations.
	www.al-bab.com /arab/docs/iraq/unscr1441.htm (1125 words)

	Untitled Document
		Moreover, the Security Council is incapable of putting an end to the Zionist terrorism against our heroic Palestinian people and the valiant freedom fighters, to say nothing of the encouragement given by a permanent member of the Security Council to the Zionist entity, enabling it to practise terrorism, assassination and destruction.
		East of a zone free from weapons of mass destruction is one of the main objectives of Security Council resolution 687 (1991), as noted in paragraph 14 of that resolution.
		Resolution 687 (1991) imposed a series of obligations on Iraq, including, most importantly, extensive disarmament obligations, that were conditions of the ceasefire established under it.
	home.att.net /~slomansonb/UNSC1441.html (8374 words)

	Foreign Policy In Focus \| Global Affairs Commentary \| Lawyers Statement on UN Resolution 1441 on Iraq
		The Council acquiesced to the U.S. by deciding that Iraq "was and remains" in "material breach" of prior resolutions, and recalls that the Council has repeatedly warned Iraq that it will face "serious consequences" as a result of its continued violation of its obligations.
		Although, the "material breach" and "serious consequences" language will be used by the United States to argue that the Security Council has implicitly authorized the use of force in response to any Iraqi non-compliance, that is not a legally correct interpretation of the Resolution.
		As law professors and practicing lawyers, we are encouraged that the Security Council has placed itself front and center for the resolution of this issue concerning the disarmament of Iraq.
	www.fpif.org /commentary/2002/0212lawyers_body.html (840 words)

	Disarmament Diplomacy: - Gulf Widens Between Iraq & UN as VX Tests Suggest Iraqi Duplicity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Iraq justified its decision by accusing UNSCOM of political bias, and duplicity in pretending that Iraq was still in non-compliance with UN Security Council resolution 687 (1991), under which it is obliged to cooperate in the complete disablement of all its WMD programmes.
		The tests were commissioned by the Security Council, and demanded by Iraq, in July, after the US announced that tests it had conducted at its Army Laboratory at Aberdeen, Maryland, in May had revealed VX traces in 11 of 46 samples.
		UN and Iraqi officials, headed by Annan and Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz, discussed the crisis for 10 days in late September and early October.
	www.acronym.org.uk /dd/dd31/31gulf.htm (880 words)

	Educational Module on CBW: Case Study Iraq
		Following the war, UN Security Council resolution 687 (1991) established a far-reaching plan for the disarmament of Iraq.
		UN Security Council resolution 707 and resolution 715 both amplified and detailed UNSCOM's mandate.
		UN resolution 1051 (1996) implements a system for the monitoring of Iraq's import and export of dual-use items which might have applications in weapons programmes prohibited to Iraq.
	cbw.sipri.se /cbw/002030320.html (765 words)

	UN Security Council Resolution 687 -1991
		The resolution was passed under Chapter 7 of the UN Charter, meaning that military force could be used to enforce compliance.
		The UN inspectors were supposed to verify the Iraqi declarations and report their evaluations to the Security Council, which would then make decisions on sanctions.
		Despite numerous UN resolutions, inspectors were not allowed access to various "presidential" sites and in 1998, the inspections ceased entirely and the inspectors went home.
	www.mideastweb.org /687.htm (1832 words)

	Institute for Policy Studies LINE-BY-LINE ANALYSIS OF RESOLUTION 1441 by Phyllis Bennis
		If the U.S. were serious about determining Iraqi compliance or non-compliance, it would ask the UN inspectors to return immediately to Iraq, and only after they finished their work and reported to the Security Council would the Council make a determination regarding compliance or breach.
		Deciding to disregard existing resolutions and agreements made between Iraq and the United Nations, without any determination as to why those earlier arrangements should not be respected, undermines the legitimacy, consistency and coherence of UN resolutions.
		However, given Bush administration officials' consistent claim that they need "no further" UN resolutions to authorize the use of force "to enforce" UN resolutions, it is highly doubtful that Washington intends to adhere to this language.
	www.ips-dc.org /comment/Bennis/res1441.htm (3491 words)

	ZNet \|Iraq \| Material Breach
		Passed in Nov. 1990, this authorised States co-operating with the Government of Kuwait to use 'all necessary means' to 'uphold and implement Security Council resolution 660 (1990) and all subsequent relevant resolutions and to restore international peace and security in the area'.
		Britain and the US claim that reference in Resolution 678 to Resolution 660 and 'all subsequent relevant resolutions' includes all Resolutions passed after Resolution 678, which authorised the use of 'all necessary means' against Iraq on subjects the Security Council had not yet raised.
		Also nonsensical is the suggestion that the Security Council intended that the phrase 'and to restore international peace and security' to mean a continuing authorisation to use force against Iraq for disturbing 'international peace and security'.
	www.zmag.org /content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=15&ItemID=2880 (1015 words)

	CNN.com - Text of U.N. resolution on Iraq - Nov. 8, 2002
		Recalling that its resolution 678 (1990) authorized Member States to use all necessary means to uphold and implement its resolution 660 (1990) of 2 August 1990 and all relevant resolutions subsequent to Resolution 660 (1990) and to restore international peace and security in the area,
		Further recalling that its resolution 687 (1991) imposed obligations on Iraq as a necessary step for achievement of its stated objective of restoring international peace and security in the area,
		Recalling that in its resolution 687 (1991) the Council declared that a ceasefire would be based on acceptance by Iraq of the provisions of that resolution, including the obligations on Iraq contained therein,
	archives.cnn.com /2002/US/11/08/resolution.text (991 words)

	UN Resolution 687 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Resolution for cease-fire between Iraq and Kuwait, demands Iraq respects Kuwait's border, and demands the deployment of a United Nations monitoring team to make sure Iraq respects the border.
		Recalling and reaffirming its resolutions 660 (1990), 661 (1990), 662 (1990), 664 (1990), 665 (1990), 666 (1990), 667 (1990), 669 (1990), 670 (1990), 674 (1990), 677 (1990), and 678 (1990), and 686 (1991)
		Declares that, upon official notification by Iraq to the Secretary-General and to the Security Council of its acceptance of the provisions above, a formal cease-fire is effective between Iraq and Kuwait and the Member States cooperating with Kuwait in accordance with resolution 678 (1990);
	www.dalebroux.com /assemblage/2002-11-15UNResolution687.asp (1208 words)

	Text of UN Security Council Resolution on Iraq: November 8, 2002
		Recalling that its resolution 678 (1990) authorized Member States to use all necessary means to uphold and implement its resolution 660 (1990) of 2 August 1990 and all relevant resolutions subsequent to resolution 660 (1990) and to restore international peace and security in the area,
		During our 3 October 2002 briefing to the Security Council, members of the Council suggested that we prepare a written document on all of the conclusions we reached in Vienna.
		Secure and suitable accommodations will be designated at normal rates by Iraq for these personnel.
	www.state.gov /p/nea/rls/15016.htm (2095 words)

	CNS - China-France-Russian Federation - Draft Proposals for New UN Iraq Monitoring Body
		Recalling its previous resolutions, in particular resolutions 661 (1990) of 6 August 1990, 687 (1991) of 3 April 1991, 707 (1991) of 15 August 1991, 715 (1991) of 11 October 1991, 896 (1995) of 14 April 1995, 1051 (1996) of 27 march 1996 and 1153 (1998) of 28 February 1998,
		Stressing the importance of a comprehensive approach to the full implementation of all Security Council resolutions regarding Iraq aimed at overcoming the current impasse which is characterized by continued absence of international monitoring and verification regime and the aggravating humanitarian crisis in Iraq with dire social consequences;
		Decides in accordance with its responsibility under the Charter, to remain actively seized of the matter, in order to ensure implementation of this resolution, and to secure peace and security in the region.
	cns.miis.edu /research/iraq/uncim/draft1.htm (531 words)

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