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Topic: UNOSOM II

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	Talk:Operation Restore Hope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		UNOSOM I was established in April 1992 to monitor the ceasefire in Mogadishu and escort deliveries of humanitarian supplies to distribution centres in the city.
		UNOSOM II needs to be built into its own article then, perhaps since you are so concerned with the events you should write it.
		UNOSOM II was a UN-controlled mission that had a large (but progressively reduced US presence.) Restore Hope was the public code name used by the American administration and really began with UNITAF in December 1992, some months before UNOSOM II.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Operation_Restore_Hope (2173 words)

	UNOSOM II takes 'decisive action' to restore peace; killing of 24 peace-keepers is biggest single UN loss ever. (United ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		He further stated that "UNOSOM II is impartial and takes no sides in disputes among factions or clans", but the Operation would "not permit one faction to prevent the distribution of food supplies, or to slow the rebuilding of schools, clinics and roads".
		UNOSOM II Force Commander Lieutenant-General Cevik Bir of Turkey had been directed to detain Aidid "as soon as feasible" in connection with the investigation of the 5 June attack, as mandated by the Council.
		While UNOSOM II forces were heavily preoccupied with bringing the security situation in Mogadishu under control, it was pledged that they would "continue to ensure that the humanitarian work of the international community is not hindered", the Secretary-General's spokesman said on 14 June.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:14667463&refid=holomed_1 (2376 words)

	Somalia: Strategic Failures And Operational Successes
		UNOSOM II's mission: When directed, UN0S0N II Force Command conducts military operations to consolidate, expand, and maintain a secure environment for the advancement of humanitarian aid, economic assistance, and political reconciliation in Somalia.56 UNOSOM II was headed by retired U.S. Navy Admiral Jonathan Howe, serving as Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary General.
		UNOSOM II and Aideed could not agree on rules for the conference and in early June Aideed and some 200 representatives of rival clan factions met in Mogadishu without UNOSOM II to sign a peace accord.
		UNOSOM II was mandated to remedy the causes of the Somali conflict, to rebuild the nation in the eyes of the United Nations.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/1995/HAG.htm (16115 words)

	PaperV11E
		UNOSOM II was established in April 1992, and was disbanded in March 1995.
		UNOSOM I was to monitor the cease-fire in Mogadishu, the capital, and to protect humanitarian relief deliveries and distribution centres throughout the country but as the situation in Somalia deteriorated during the course of the year, it became impossible for UNOSOM I to carry out its functions.
		The details of the UNOSOM II mandate concentrated on the maintenance of the cease-fire, the disarmament of the factions, the cantonment of weapons, security transport and communications routes that were important to the distribution of humanitarian assistance, mine-clearing and the repatriation of displaced persons.
	www2.iuj.ac.jp /periscope/paperV11E.htm (6732 words)

	UNOSOM II
		UNOSOM II's record of general progress throughout most of Somalia was seriously marred by the incidents that had taken place between 5 June and 3 October 1993.
		UNOSOM II might also have to be prepared to use force to keep open the lines of communication and supply routes in Mogadishu and elsewhere.
		UNOSOM II would protect the important ports and airports in the country as well as the essential infrastructure of Somalia; keep open the main supply routes between Mogadishu and outlying areas; pursue as a matter of utmost priority the reorganization of the Somali police and judicial systems; and help with the repatriation of refugees.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/t-po/peace/unosom_ii.html (17562 words)

	[Marinir] Critical Analysis On The Defeat Of Task Force Ranger (Mogadishu'93)
		The raid that led to the demise of TFR and ultimately UNOSOM II, failed because of several factors; however, the two major reasons why the SNA was able to conduct such a devastating attack on the technically and tactically superior US task force was due to poor intelligence and repeated tactics.
		UNOSOM II was the by-product of that decision, however, the new mission objectives of disarming the Somali clans, rehabilitating the political institutions, and building a secure environment were vague, leaving the military commanders and political representatives in Somalia to fill the void.
		So, as the mission of UNOSOM II increased, the level of force, equipment, and weaponry either remained the same or decreased due to the decisions of the political leadership in Washington and the military commanders within Somalia.
	www.polarhome.com /pipermail/marinir/2005-May/000714.html (8872 words)

	Operation Restore Hope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		UNOSOM II was a United Nations Chapter 7 intervention into the Republic of Somalia, aimed to avert a growing humanitarian disaster in that increasingly lawless country, which was suffering from a severe famine, general chaos, and domination by a number of warlords following the collapse of Siad Barre\'s Marxist government.
		UNOSOM was supported in large part by Operation Restore Hope, an American military operation sanctioned by the United Nations.
		The objective of UNOSOM II was to initiate \'nation building\' in Somalia; disarm the various factions, restore law and order, help the people to set up a representative government, and restore the infrastructure.
	www.nyacknyus.com /topic/Operation_Restore_Hope (981 words)

	Fighting for Hope in Somalia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		UNOSOM observers in Mogadishu were hijacked and robbed by troops loyal to Ali Mahdi.
		UNOSOM II was authorized under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, but the premise of its presence in the country was conceived as one of "assistance".
		The mandate would empower UNOSOM II to provide assistance to the Somali people in rebuilding their economy and social and political life, re-establishing the country's institutional structure, achieving national political reconciliation, recreating a Somali state based on democratic governance and rehabilitating the country's economy and infrastructure.
	www.jha.ac /articles/a007.htm (21357 words)

	UNOSOM II: Operation CONTINUE HOPE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Cevik Bir was appointed commander of the UNOSOM II force, with U.S. Army Maj. Gen.
		In support of UNOSOM II, the United States provided a substantial logistics structure (consisting of about 2,600 troops) and a small special operations element.
		Immediately, UNOSOM II Force Command focused its intelligence and operational capability on locating, capturing, and arresting Aideed and any of his supporters whom it deemed responsible for the attacks of June and July.
	www.militaryedu.com /Detailed/941.html (2940 words)

	PEACE BY COMMITTEE:
		UNOSOM II was supposed to be such a command, but its failures point to the need for a standing UN military command headquarters staff with access to senior political leadership.
		UNOSOM II troops were supposed to provide security for the continuing relief effort–reinforced by the US Army QRF.
		UNOSOM II forces were unequipped or psychologically unprepared to implement this type of sophisticated reaction.
	www.fas.org /man/eprint/bullock.htm (20585 words)

	Dáil Éireann - Volume 439 - 02 March, 1994 - Written Answers. - Ireland's Role in Somalia.
		No change is envisaged in the role of [1320] the Irish contingent serving with UNOSOM II in Somalia when a number of the other contingents serving there are withdrawn by the end of this month.
		The Government's decision to maintain Ireland's participation in the Somalia operation was announced on 22 February and follows on the Security Council's unanimous decision of 4 February to maintain UNOSOM II in Somalia with a revised mandate.
		Despite the uncertainty about the future which their departure has given rise to, it is important to note that UNOSOM II will continue to be a large UN operation.
	www.oireachtas-debates.gov.ie /D/0439/D.0439.199403020025.html (701 words)

	United States PSYOP in Somalia
		UNOSOM II was to complete, through disarmament and reconciliation, the task begun by UNITAF for the restoration of peace, stability, law and order.
		Besides the earlier ongoing missions, UNOSOM II was also entrusted with assisting the Somali people in rebuilding their economy and social and political life, re-establishing the country's institutional structure, achieving national political reconciliation, recreating a Somali State based on democratic governance and rehabilitating the country's economy and infrastructure.
		The UNOSOM II force of 20,000 troops was considered sufficient to control the rest of the country.
	www.psywarrior.com /SomaliaHerb.html (9303 words)

	UNITED NATIONS OPERATION IN SOMALIA II (UNOSOM II)
		UNOSOM II was established in March 1993 to take appropriate action, including enforcement measures, to establish throughout Somalia a secure environment for humanitarian assistance.
		To that end, UNOSOM II was to complete, through disarmament and reconciliation, the task begun by the Unified Task Force for the restoration of peace, stability, law and order.
		UNOSOM II was withdrawn in early March 1995
	www.un.org /Depts/dpko/dpko/co_mission/unosom2.htm (119 words)

	Post Cold War - Present (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Both operations were authorized under Chapter VII of the UN charter, but UNOSOM II was explicitly authorized to employ coercive force for a much broader mandate, covering more territory.
		Despite strong urging by the United States, no UN planners were sent to Somalia before the arrival of the UNOSOM II Commander and Deputy Commander in late March, 1993.
		Because of this lack of planning, the top UNOSOM II military commanders had no understanding of the transition; the number, capability, or concept of employment of their forces; or the rules of engagement (ROE).
	www.dodccrp.org /research/other/C2_Biblio/ab0066.htm (237 words)

	UN Missions
		The mandate of UNOSOM II was to take appropriate action, including enforcement measures, to establish throughout Somalia a secure environment for humanitarian assistance.
		UNOSOM II was also entrusted with assisting the Somali people in rebuilding their economy and social and political life, re-establishing the country's institutional structure, achieving national political reconciliation, recreating a Somali State based on democratic governance and rehabilitating the country's economy and infrastructure.
		Supporting UNOSOM II in the field, but not part of it, were approximately 17,700 troops of the United States Joint Task Force in Somalia.
	www.pkops.net /ops/unosom2.htm (392 words)

	ANISTORITON: History Essays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		UNOSOM, as New Zealand stated, was a `landmark step' in the evolution of United Nations peacekeeping.
		UNOSOM, at the beginning, was intended as a peace-keeping operation.
		The establishment and sustenance over time of a civil administration for recreating the civil society and rehabilitating the infrastructure, would be extremely costly, and the organization does not have its own resources, but it relies on the willingness of the member states.
	www.anistor.co.hol.gr /english/enback/e982.htm (2686 words)

	Press Coverage in Somalia: A Case for Media Relations to be a
		The reason for choosing these two periods is because the U.S. mission in UNOSOM II was long-range and under the aegis of the United Nations; the public affairs apparatus was understaffed and ill-prepared.
		UNOSOM II’s mission was long-range: a two-year occupation at the end of which Somalia would hold the first democratic elections in its history.50 Consider these two examples of media coverage in Mogadishu in light of UNOSOM II’s objective:
		Reporters’ coverage of these failings highlighted UNOSOM II’s lack of unity of effort that widened the chasm of distrust between the U.N. command and the Italian contingent that ultimately resulted in the Italians’ expulsion from Mogadishu.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/1995/SDB.htm (6814 words)

	U.N. Can Encourage Somali Federation To Create a Lasting Government
		A case in point is the June 5 ambush of U.N. peacekeepers in Mogadishu in which 24 Pakistani soldiers were killed by Aidid's militia.
		Still, UNOSOM II can achieve operational success if it shows resolve.
		In addition to the losing warlords in the south, secessionist elements in the north may be emboldened to challenge UNOSOM II's mandate to restore peace.
	www.wrmea.com /backissues/0993/9309036.html (921 words)

	Special Operations.Com
		Four AFSOC gunships deployed on 7 June and remained until 14 July, flying a total of 32 interdiction, reconnaissance, and PSYOP missions in support of UNOSOM II.
		The JSOTF named Task Force (TF) RANGER, was directed to capture Aideed and his key lieutenants and turn them over to UNOSOM II forces.
		This was a challenging mission, for Aideed had gone underground in June, after several AC-130 air raids and UNOSOM II ground assaults on his strongholds.
	www.specialoperations.com /Operations/Restore_Hope/Operation2.htm (1327 words)

	Task Force Ranger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The deployment of SOF was in response to increased enemy attacks in the United Nations Operations Somalia forces and installations by factions supporting General Mohammed Farad Aideed.
		This was a challenging mission – Aideed had gone underground in June, after several AC-130 air raids and UNOSOM II ground assaults had swept through his strongholds.
		This force too was pinned by Somali fire and required the fire support of two AH-6 helicopters before it could break contact and make it s way back to the base.
	www.nightstalkers.com /history/tfranger.html (1165 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		USCINCCENT completed its military support to UNOSOM II with the final withdrawal of U.S. forces on 25 March 1994.
		In late 1994 the President announced his decision that U.S. forces would assist in the withdrawal of UNOSOM forces from Somalia.
		USCENTCOM then conducted planning with UN representatives to support the final phases of the UNOSOM II withdrawal from Somalia in early 1995.
	www.milnet.com /pentagon/centcom/chap7/other.htm (368 words)

	Operation_restore_hope info here at en.comedypage.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The UN renamed the mission to UNOSOM II.
		UNOSOM II had a strength of 28,000 drawn from 26 counteries, including the U.S. On June 5, 24 Pakistani troops were assassinated by Somalian millitia members while inspecting an arms weapons storage site.
		After the UN accepted this offer 25,000 US troops (mostly US Marines from I MEF) were deployed to Somalia and the mission was renamed to Operation Restore Hope and became UNOSOM II Operation_Restore_Hope See also
	en.comedypage.info /Operation_Restore_Hope (885 words)

	MFO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Strength: 36 Movements and Air Traffic Control Staff, 12 man Ready Reaction Security Team (mainly SAS) and some HQ staff – total of 50 personnel per tour of duty (6 months) – totalling to approx 150.
		On 5 May 1993, UNITAF handed over to a reinforced UNOSOM II.
		The ADF Contingent provided Movement control, Air Traffic Control, some HQ Staff and a Ready Reaction Security Team of the Mogadishu airport (mainly SAS with 126 Sig Sqn).
	www.peacekeepers.asn.au /missions/UNOSOM2.htm (92 words)

	“Somaliland: Limited Powers,” Africa Confidential vol 36 no 19 (22 September 1995), p. 8.
		"Mandate for UNOSOM II revised: 'Coercive methods' not to be used," UN Chronicle vol 31 no 2 (June 1994), pp.
		"Unosom II takes 'decisive action' to restore peace: Killing of 24 peace-keepers is biggest single UN loss ever," UN Chronicle (September 1993), pp.
		"UNOSOM grows to 4,000 strong: 100-day relief plan for Somalia launched: Famine threatens millions with starvation," UN Chronicle vol 29 no 4 (December 1992), pp.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/t-po/peace/clarke/top.html (5763 words)

	IMO Discussion Board - No 1 & 2 Transport Coy's UNOSOM II Somalia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		I have just transferred my VHS copy of my time with No 1 Transport Coy Somalia UNOSOM II 1993/94 to DVD.
		I shot all the footage myself with a handy cam.
		I`m say no more as I would ruin it for those that have`nt seen it as its the real deal Acmat mag trucks and all.
	www.irishmilitaryonline.com /board/printthread.php?t=5721 (842 words)

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