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Topic: UNTAC

In the News (Fri 17 Feb 12)

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	Cambodia: the Legacy and Lessons of UNTAC
		Its job was to restore peace and civil government in a country ruined by decades of civil war and neglect, to hold free and fair elections leading to a new constitution and to 'kick-start' the rehabilitation of the country.
		UNTAC also succeeded in isolating the Khmer Rouge, beginning the tortuous process of national reconciliation and giving the Cambodian people for the first time in almost 40 years the opportunity to choose their government in a comparatively free, fair and democratic manner.
		UNTAC was not equipped for enforcement, nor was it part of its mandate, and to make it so would have been politically impossible.
	editors.sipri.se /pubs/Cambodia_PR.html (1297 words)

	UNTAC
		UNTAC's mandate under the Agreements included aspects relating to human rights, the organization and conduct of free and fair general elections, military arrangements, civil administration, the maintenance of law and order, the repatriation and resettlement of the Cambodian refugees and displaced persons, and the rehabilitation of essential Cambodian infrastructure during the transitional period.
		UNTAC closely monitored conditions of detention in civil prisons throughout Cambodia and pressed local authorities to improve the situation to the extent possible within the means available to the prison administration.
		Although UNTAC had cantoned by mid-November 1992 some 55,000 troops of the three cooperating parties, the refusal of PDK to participate fully in the peace process made it impossible to implement Phase II of the cease-fire and, as a result, the cantonment, disarming and demobilization of the armed forces of the four parties was suspended.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/t-po/resource-bk/mission/untac.html (9444 words)

	UNTAC
		The mandate given to UNTAC included aspects relating to human rights, the organization and conduct of free and fair general elections, military arrangements, civil administration, the maintenance of law and order, the repatriation and resettlement of the Cambodian refugees and displaced persons and the rehabilitation of essential Cambodian infrastructure during the transitional period.
		Upon becoming operational on 15 March 1992, UNTAC absorbed UNAMIC, which had been established immediately after the signing of the Agreements in October 1991.
		UNTAC's mandate ended in September 1993 with the promulgation of the Constitution for the Kingdom of Cambodia and the formation of the new Government
	www.un.org /Depts/DPKO/Missions/untac.htm (231 words)

	Peacekeeping in Transition: Conclusions
		UNTAC's experience suggests that planning for multifaceted missions should be done in an integrated manner to ensure better coordination, that survey missions should be sent out as a matter of routine, and that missions should be planned to hit the ground running.
		UNTAC also had a shortage of aircraft and fuel, a chronic shortage of vehicles, and the wrong type of vehicles for the civil police when the mission started.
		UNTAC's experience, however, suggests that in situations where consent has been obtained, but where it may be suspect for one or more parties, the United Nations ought to take into consideration the views of the local populace.
	www.tcf.org /Publications/InternationalAffairs/peacekeeping-conclusions.htm (7921 words)

	Peacekeeping in Transition: Getting Ready to Rebuild
		UNTAC was also to mobilize funds and then coordinate rehabilitation activities that would be undertaken directly by international, bilateral, and nongovernmental organizations, often through existing Cambodian institutions.
		UNTAC was further hampered in its coordination of rehabilitation activities because there was less than full cooperation on the part of donors.
		UNTAC early on recognized the serious threat posed to Cambodia's environment and its economic future by overexploitation of natural resources, particularly the rapid depletion of timber stocks and gem mines.
	www.tcf.org /Publications/InternationalAffairs/peacekeeping-rebuild.htm (8269 words)

	UN Peacekeeping Missions
		UNTAC forces succeeded in providing a sense of security throughout the country, but they were peacekeepers in the traditional sense of that term.
		UNTAC concentrated upon training Cambodians in the techniques of clearing mines so that there would be trained local personnel to continue the work after the mission.
		UNTAC monitors regularly intercepted shipments of logs headed for Thailand from the zones of the different factions but had no power to stop them; they could only issue a written citation notifying the company that they were in violation of the ban.
	www.seasite.niu.edu /khmer/Ledgerwood/PDFAsiaPacific.htm (5400 words)

	Mission to Cambodia
		UNTAC reported that at the end of the campaign period, some 1,500 rallies had been held throughout the country which had been attended by in excess of 800,000 Cambodians.
		Having done so, representatives of UNTAC and CPP met later that day (21 May) and UNTAC agreed to allow party agents to inspect the safety areas to which the ballot boxes would be transported for safekeeping overnight, due to security concerns, prior to the storing of the ballot boxes.
		UNTAC explained that this may be due to the fact some polling teams operated more than one ballot box simultaneously, something which had been observed by the delegation during its observation of the polling.
	www.ipu.org /elcn-e/rptcamb.htm (5913 words)

	NATO REVIEW 9404-6
		The UNTAC peacekeeping operation was itself the outcome of a successful - if protracted - peace-making exercise conducted over a number of years, bringing together a wide group of countries as well as the internal players, and producing a very complex peace blueprint, the Paris Accords, signed on 23 October 1991.
		UNTAC subsequently suffered from a lack of both continuity and institutional memory due largely to the even later appointment of many of its senior officers and the subsequent rapid - and arbitrarily timed - rotation out of many of them.
		UNTAC's 21,000 personnel ranged from highly qualified professionals to those who were incompetent and, in some cases, a menace to their colleagues.
	www.nato.int /docu/review/1994/9404-6.htm (1717 words)

	Withdrawal, Cease-Fire and Related Measures: Cambodia: Peace Agreements: Library and Links: U.S. Institute of Peace
		With regard to the ultimate disposition of the remaining forces and all the arms, ammunition and equipment, UNTAC, as it withdraws from Cambodia, shall retain such authority as is necessary to ensure an orderly transfer to the newly elected government of those responsibilities it has exercised during the transitional period.
		UNTAC shall be provided, no later than two weeks before the commencement of the second phase of the cease-fire, with detailed information in writing regarding the withdrawal of foreign forces.
		UNTAC will also carry out investigations on its own initiative in other cases when it has reason to believe or suspect that a violation of this annex or related provisions may be taking place.
	www.usip.org /library/pa/cambodia/comppol_10231991_annex2.html (2293 words)

	A Cambodian Peace Settlement: George Bush's Litmus Test in Asia
		To ensure UNTAC's suc- cess in bringing peace to Cambodia and provide sufficient U.S. representation on UNTAC to reaffim America's role as an honest broker in keeping the peace in A the Bush Administration needs to reverse its inattention to Cambodia which resulted in Congress's failure to support U.S. commitments to U.N. peacekeeping efforts.
		While UNTAC is expensive, particularly for the U.S., failure in Cambodia would cost more: a likely return to wholesale violence in a region whose economic success re- mains a beacon for the rest of the world.
		Finally, the U.S. use its influence with UNTAC to guarantee that all forms of international assistance are channelled into emerging pri- vate enterprises mther than into die government There is no sense in disestablishing a statist economy-only--toTeplace it-witbr-a welfare-dependency beholden to international creditors.
	www.heritage.org /Research/AsiaandthePacific/asb125.cfm (3923 words)

	UNTAC MILITARY POLICE COMPANY
		The UNTAC MP Coy was formed on 12 May 1992, with the staff of four Offr and 20 OR.
		Additional MP resources were requested by HQ UNTAC as it became apparent that the number of MP in Cambodia was insufficient to deal with the growing number of investigations coupled with the amount of investigations not finalised.
		UNTAC was the recipient of a procession of visits from various heads of state, national statesmen, and high ranking officers from various national forces.
	home.iprimus.com.au /buckomp/MPCambodiaUNTAC.htm (5771 words)

	Asia Society - Publications -
		Former UNTAC officials reply that demobilizing the civil service was never in the UNTAC mandate and the SOC never agreed to it in the Paris Accords.
		13 Aid flows during the UNTAC period, in fact, were biased in favor of urban areas, returnees, and relief in contrast to the declaration's call for developing rural areas and local capacity building.
		An UNTAC II is out of the question (no one in the international community is prepared to invest the manpower or money), but something more than the monitoring of a future election is required.
	www.asiasociety.org /publications/cambodia/peacebuilding.html (7015 words)

	RPN 23 January-April 1997
		UNTAC military contingents would be located in parts of the country where the local population knew little or nothing of the reasons for the UN presence.
		UNTAC, however, had no separate funds and all funding requests would have to be approved by UN New York with all the delays that this would inevitably involve.
		UNTAC informed NGOs and other organisations operating in the field about its policy and capabilities, offering to cooperate in certain projects and requesting guidance, where necessary, on what was being done already before initiating separate battalion projects.
	www.fmreview.org /rpn233.htm (1838 words)

	UNTAC and UNAMIC Web site - Home Page
		This site is dedicated to all the Australian and international UNAMIC, UNTAC and extraction teams that took part in peacekeeping operations in Cambodia between 1991-1994
		This site is all about bringing back fond memories of places and mates many of us have forgotten.
		I would love this web site to be the number one source of photos, stories and history of UNTAC + UNAMIC.
	www.untac.com (267 words)

	Averting a Failure of U.N. Peacekeeping in Cambodia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		UNTAC was to take con- trol of Phnom Penh government's ministries of defense, finance, and communications, and to promote economic development.
		UNTAC is unable to insure a genuine political campaign largely because the Khmer Rouge refuse to participate in the elections and because the Phnom Penh government refuses to allow non-communist factions access to radio and newspaper media.
		Action 4: Prepare for UNTAC's possible failure by warning China and Viet- nam not to aid their respective clients, the Khmer Rouge and the Phnom Penh government, and preparing a strategy to provide eco- nomic and military material support to the non-communist factions.
	www.heritage.org /Research/AsiaandthePacific/CM3.cfm (1856 words)

	UNTAC Mandate: Cambodia: Peace Agreements: Library and Links: U.S. Institute of Peace
		UNTAC will supervise the regrouping and relocating of all forces to specifically designated cantonment areas on the basis of an operational timetable to be agreed upon, in accordance with annex 2.
		UNTAC will take necessary steps regarding the phased process of demobilization of the military forces of the parties, in accordance with annex 2.
		UNTAC will organize and conduct the election referred to in Part ll of this Agreement in accordance with this section and annex 3.
	www.usip.org /library/pa/cambodia/comppol_10231991_annex1.html (1532 words)

	Cambodia: Untac Mandate
		UNTAC will organize and conduct the election referred to in Part II of this Agreement in accordance with this section and annex 3.
		UNTAC may consult with the SNC regarding the organization and conduct of the electoral process.
		In carrying out its responsibilities under the present section, UNTAC will establish a system of safeguards to assist it in ensuring the absence of fraud during the electoral process, including arrangements for Cambodian representatives to observe the registration and polling procedures and the provision of an UNTAC mechanism for hearing and deciding complaints.
	www.c-r.org /our-work/accord/cambodia/unctac-mandate.php (1551 words)

	CAMBODIA: Cambodia's AFEC wants UNTAC law on criminal disinformation abolished [SEAPA]
		Following recent cases of criminal disinformation suits by high-ranking Government officials, the Alliance for Freedom of Expression in Cambodia (AFEC) is demanding for the abolition of Article 62 of the UNTAC (United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia) Penal Code which concerns criminal disinformation.
		In a 12 October 2006 press statement, AFEC pointed out that the UNTAC Penal Code was created in 1992 for the transitional period under UN administration when there was an ongoing civil war, and "was never supposed to remain the Cambodian criminal law at a time when the country has established true democracy."
		AFEC asserted that Article 62 of the UNTAC Penal Code "is not necessary for securing public peace, and the punishments imposed by this law restrict freedom of expression to an extent that cannot be justified under international law.
	www.ahrchk.net /ahrc-in-news/mainfile.php/2006ahrcinnews/915 (781 words)

	Paris Peace Agreement
		UNTAC will organise and conduct the election referred to in Part II of this Agreement in accordance with this section and annex 3.
		UNTAC will assist, as required, with the reintegration into civilian life of the forces demobilised prior to the elections.
		UNTAC shall be provided, no later than two weeks before the commencement of the second phase of the ceasefire, with detailed information in writing regarding the withdrawal of foreign forces.
	www.websitesrcg.com /border/repatriation/Paris-Anexes.html (5052 words)

	THE SYSTEM OF TRIAL UNDER THE VIETNAMESE - KHMER MODEL (1981-1993)
		UNTAC, in fact, did not exercise this supervisory function, nor were there any officers specifically assigned for this function.
		None of the provisions of the UNTAC provisional code was applied in practice, except in a few cases relating to the release of some prisoners who were kept for a considerable time without trial (in several instances, more than ten years).
		The February 3 directive was an admission that the UNTAC transitional provisions had failed to alter the existing socialist system of administration of justice.
	www.ahrchk.net /pub/mainfile.php/cambodia_judiciary/114 (2297 words)

	The Remaining Right Side of the Buddha (Part 12) - Gregg Butensky
		They said that an UNTAC plane was headed for Phnom Penh within the hour.
		While we waited we checked out the remains of a squashed UNTAC helicopter that was sitting at the end of the runway.
		An assortment of UNTAC officers and Civpol from various countries came to greet us as we descended down the ladder from the plane.
	www.madnomad.com /gregg/cambodia_11.html (1383 words)

	www.cdpcambodia.org
		Any person who bears or transports a firearm, explosives, or artillery, without authorization in accordance with regulations issued by UNTAC on the bearing and transporting of weapons, is guilty of unlawful bearing or transporting of illicit weapons and is liable to a punishment of six months to three years in prison.
		Anyone released conditionally shall be required to serve out the remainder of the sentence if he or she commits an infraction of any of the preceding articles during the period of conditional release.
		All fines paid during the transitional period shall be deposited in an escrow account under the responsibility of UNTAC to be paid over to the future government that will result from the elections.
	www.cdpcambodia.org /untac.asp (6096 words)

	UN Peacekeeping in Cambodia: UNTAC's Civil Mandate / Cambodia: The Legacy and Lessons of UNTAC / Peace-Keeping in a ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		They tend to concur on the major successes and failures: the organization of the elections and the refugee repatriation on the one hand; the failure to disarm the factions, neutralize civil administration, and prevent human rights abuses on the other.
		They tend to have criticisms of the UNTAC's organization - the prolonged delay in deployment, the incompetence of the Civil Police component, etc. - but not of the major policy choices.
		They believe the UN was correct to avoid military confrontation with the Khmer Rouge, correct to maintain its impartiality and correct to continue with the elections.
	search.looksmart.com /p/articles/mi_qa3680/is_199610/ai_n8746319 (950 words)

	UNRISD: Publications \| Transition to What?: Cambodia, UNTAC and the Peace Process
		It was specifically commissioned to provide the participants with background information on the current social situation in Cambodia and the role of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), as well as a preliminary assessment of the contribution of UNTAC to the process of economic and social rehabilitation and reconstruction.
		The paper highlights the huge task which UNTAC had to assume, and provides a balanced account of the major achievements and failings of the United Nations "peace-making" operation.
		A disturbing effect of the UNTAC presence and the influx of many international agencies was the reduced role of Cambodians in setting their country's development agenda.
	www.unrisd.org /unrisd/website/document.nsf/(httpPapersForProgrammeArea)/2F0008467C7D3EBC80256B67005B6556?OpenDocument (288 words)

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