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Topic: US copyright law

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Copyright law of the United Kingdom

History of copyright

Copyright Act of 1790

Common law copyright

Statute of Anne

	United States Copyright Law
		Copyright protection subsists only in original works of authorship if and only if the work is also fixed in a tangible medium of expression from which they can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated, either directly or with the aid of a machine or device.
		Copyright protection, however, does not and cannot exist for an idea, procedure, process, system, method of operation, concept, principle, or discovery, regardless of the form in which it is described or embodied.
		Ideas are not protected by copyright law because protecting an idea would take the idea out of the public domain and would prevent others from using the idea to create their own independent and original works of authorship.
	www.ipwatchdog.com /copyright.html (790 words)

	Tools for the TEKS: Integrating Technology in the Classroom
		Compliance with copyright law does not have to be complicated, but the conservative requirements this simplistic approach requires are not likely to be desirable or realistic for the modern classroom.
		US copyright law was not created to make individuals or companies rich: it was conceived by the framers of the United States Constitution as a way to promote and protect innovation for a short, fixed amount of time.
		Irrespective of such utopian ideas, copyright law and its complexities are a reality, and educators have a responsibility to not only stay informed but insure their professional practice reflects this awareness as well as the instruction they provide to students.
	www.wtvi.com /teks/02_03_articles/copyright.html (2534 words)

	EFF: What Peer-to-Peer Developers Need to Know about Copyright Law
		Copyright law applies to virtually every form of expression that can be captured (or, to use the copyright term of art, "fixed") in a tangible medium, such as on paper, film, magnetic tape, hard drive, optical media, or (arguably) in RAM.
		Copyright owners have also argued that digital transmissions can qualify as a distribution, and possibly a public performance (in the world of copyright law, "public performance" may include the act of transmitting a copyrighted work).
		The law of contributory infringement therefore presents a developer with a binary choice: you can either include mechanisms that enable monitoring and control of user activities (and use them to stop allegedly infringing activity when you receive complaints), or choose a truly decentralized architecture wherein such monitoring and control is impossible without extensive redesign.
	www.eff.org /IP/P2P/p2p_copyright_wp.php (7674 words)

	US Copyright Law - Chapter 7: Copyright Office
		The Register of Copyrights, together with the subordinate officers and employees of the Copyright Office, shall be appointed by the Librarian of Congress, and shall act under the Librarian's general direction and supervision.
		The Register of Copyrights is authorized to establish regulations not inconsistent with law for the administration of the functions and duties made the responsibility of the Register under this title.
		The Register of Copyrights shall prescribe, by regulation, the conditions under which such requests are to be made and granted, and shall fix the fee to be charged under section 708(a)(10) if the request is granted.
	www.copyrighter.ru /full/uscopyright8.htm (2359 words)

	United States copyright law - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Copyright law in the United States is part of Federal law, and is authorized by the U.S. Constitution.
		U.S. courts have interpreted this clause of the Constitution to say that the ultimate purpose of copyrights is to encourage the production of creative works for the public benefit, and that therefore the interests of the public are primary over the interests of the author when the two conflict.
		For works that received their copyright prior to 1978, a renewal had to be filed in the work's 28th year with the Library of Congress Copyright Office for its term of protection to be extended.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/United_States_copyright_law (4181 words)

	Digital Watermarks: Overview of Copyright Law - WebReference.com
		Although, as in many areas of the law, copyright is complicated by an extensive set of rules and frequent uncertainty, the basic premise of copyright law is quite simple.
		Because copyright law applies to works "fixed in any tangible medium of expression, now known or later developed," Internet images and audio files clearly seem to be protected by copyright law, which anticipates the introduction of new technologies and does not need to be redrafted to accommodate them.
		Copyright law in the United States has proven itself remarkably adaptable to new technologies that did not exist when the laws were written.
	www.webreference.com /content/watermarks/overview.html (613 words)

	Corbis on Copyright \| US Copyright Law Explained
		Under the law each of these elements can be protected as a separate copyright, or the combination of these elements can be protected as a compilation, providing another blanket of protection.
		Unlike the “compilation copyright” used to protect catalogs, the bundling of these elements in a single digital file provides a better means of protection since someone stealing a digital file necessarily steals the included elements as well.
		Some fear that a digital copy of a photograph may yield a separate copyright, and that agencies claiming ownership of a "digital copyright" are, in effect, claiming ownership of the photograph in digital form.
	www.corbis.com /professional/copyright/uslaw.asp (810 words)

	Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States
		Presumption as to the author's death requires a certified report from the Copyright Office that its records disclose nothing to indicate that the author of the work is living or died less than seventy years before.
		The requirements that copies include a formal notice of copyright and that the copyright be renewed after twenty eight years were the most common conditions, and are specified in the chart.
		US formalities include the requirement that a formal notice of copyright be included in the work; registration, renewal, and deposit of copies in the Copyright Office; and the manufacture of the work in the US.
	www.copyright.cornell.edu /training/Hirtle_Public_Domain.htm (2820 words)

	Copyright - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Copyright laws are standardized through international conventions such as the Berne Convention in some countries and are required by international organizations such as European Union or World Trade Organization from their member states.
		Use of a copyright notice — consisting of the letter C inside of a circle (that is, "©"), the abbreviation "Copr.", or the word "Copyright", followed by the year of the first publication of the work and the name of the copyright holder — was part of previous United States statutory requirements.
		Copyright concepts are under challenge in the modern era, primarily from the increasing use of peer to peer filesharing.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Copyright (7691 words)

	Technology Corner - Copyright & Fair Use
		An Education in Copyright Law: A Primer for Cyberspace.
		Copyright Law of the United States of America (Title 17).
		New Copyright Law for Distance Education: The Meaning and Importance of the TEACH Act.
	cte.umdnj.edu /technology_corner/tech_copyright.cfm (809 words)

	Sampling and Changes to US Copyright Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		However, the US gives the right for peaceful protest, and allows exemptions for commentary, so the guys at 3 Notes and Runnin' are compiling a bunch of user submitted music as a means of peaceful protest.
		Putting copyrights on this practice is the same as putting copyright on the use of atomic elements out of the table of Mendiliev.
		My problem is the fact that, although the jury concluded that the sample was satisfactorally different to be considered unidentifiable, the judge went against previously established case law, and said that regardless of how unidentifiable it is, because the source was copyrighted, and permission was not gained, that the sample was illegal.
	www.united-trackers.org /forum/index.php?topic=119.msg654 (2097 words)

	RensSearch: Highlights of U.S. Copyright Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Below are sections of the Copyright Act of 1976 (USC Title 17) and the 1998 DIGITAL MILLENNIUM COPYRIGHT ACT summarizing the rights of copyright holders; the factors determining the "fair use" of protected works for educational purposes; and the potential liability of faculty and graduate students relating to infringing activity.
		Notwithstanding the provisions of [the previous section]..., the fair use of copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research is not an infringement of copyright.
		The parties agree that the conditions determining the extent of permissible copying for educational purposes may change in the future; that certain types of copying permitted under these guidelines may not be permissible in the future; and conversely that in the future other types of copying may be permissible under revised guidelines.
	www.lib.rpi.edu /services/policies/lawhighlights.html (1361 words)

	Graphic Artists Guild: U.S. Copyright Law
		Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States (title 17, U.S. Code) to the authors of "original works of authorship" including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works.
		One major limitation is the doctrine of "fair use," which is given a statutory basis in section 107 of the Act.
		In other instances, the limitation takes the form of a "compulsory license" under which certain limited uses of copyrighted works are permitted upon payment of specified royalties and compliance with statutory conditions.
	www.gag.org /about/us_copyright.php (337 words)

	Anti-hacking copyright law to get review \| Tech News on ZDNet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Federal copyright regulators are opening the door for new exceptions to a controversial copyright law that has landed one publisher in court and a Russian programmer in jail.
		The United States Copyright Office is launching a rare round of public comment on rules that bar people from breaking through digital copy-protection technology on works such as music, movies, software or electronic books.
		The portion of copyright law coming under the public microscope is the so-called anti-circumvention clause of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which bars people from circumventing "technological measure that effectively controls access to a work," as well as creating or distributing tools to do the same.
	zdnet.com.com /2100-1106-961783.html (690 words)

	Copyright Website
		An original expression is eligible for copyright protection as soon as it is fixed in a tangible form.
		Although the Copyright Act affords you protection just for creating your work and reducing it to a tangible form, in many cases it is desirable to officially register your works with the U.S. Copyright Office.
		Copyright protection attaches immediately and automatically upon fixation (reduction to a tangible form) of the work in question.
	www.benedict.com (695 words)

	US Copyright Law
		The law states that "reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright."
		The purpose of a copyright policy is to state the institution's intention to abide by the law.
		Copyright Law of the United States: Contained in Title 17 of the United States Code.
	ndsl.lib.state.nd.us /Publications/uscopyrightlaw.html (1821 words)

	Compliance with the 1976 US Copyright Law
		They are to present copyright policies to staff members periodically as a reminder of their rights and responsibilities under the law.
		This means that works should be considered copyrighted if they are fixed in a tangible medium even if no copyright notice is included unless you know for sure that they are in the public domain, i.e., they are no longer under copyright protection or never have been copyrighted.
		Videocassettes of copyrighted materials, even though labeled "for home use only," may be used for classroom teaching purposes pursuant to Section 110(1) of the copyright law.
	www.lausd.k12.ca.us /homepage/news/update/copyright (3425 words)

	U.S. Copyright Law
		For advice and current information about US copyright law, please contact a qualified legal professional.
		To perform the copyrighted work publicly, in the case of literary, musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and motion pictures and other audiovisual works; and
		To display the copyrighted work publicly, in the case of literary, musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and pictorial, graphic, or sculptural works, including the individual images of a motion picture or other audiovisual work.
	www.gag.org /_gag_05.org/advocacy/copyright_law.htm (337 words)

	US (United States) Copyright Law FAQs - (WorldWideOCR.com)
		If you intend to register your copyrights with a national copyright office other than the US Copyright Office, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the laws of the nation in which you register by contacting that office directly.
		Ideas and discoveries are not protected by the copyright law, although the way in which they are expressed may be.
		The Copyright Office general policy is to retain published, registered copyright deposits for at least 5 years with the exception of deposits of published works registered in Class VA (visual arts).
	www.worldwideocr.com /US_Copyright_Law_FAQ.asp (1195 words)

	Copyright Law in the United States (BitLaw)
		Copyright law in the U.S. is governed by federal statute, namely the Copyright Act of 1976.
		Copyrights can be registered in the Copyright Office in the Library of Congress, but newly created works do not need to be registered.
		In fact, it is no longer necessary to even place a copyright notice on a work for it to be protected by copyright law.
	www.bitlaw.com /copyright/index.html (205 words)

	Copyright
		The US Copyright Office has a website with instructions on how to register your works.
		For an alternate source see: “Copyright Law of the United States” at www.copyright.gov/title17/ from the US Copyright Office.
		The first is by Lolly Gasaway, Professor of Law and Director of the Law Library at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
	www.csuchico.edu /lcmt/copyright (946 words)

	US Copyright Office Song Registration Links
		The US Copyright Office now has the majority of information you would want about registering songs on their web site.
		These are summaries of information about which the US Copyright Office is frequently asked.
		Copyright registration forms are not available by fax.
	www.ccli.com /CopyrightAdmin/CopyRightofficeUs.cfm (316 words)

	Get Copyright Protection Under the US Copyright Laws -- Save 81% in Legal Fees!
		ClickandCopyright professionally drafts and prepares the correct US Copyright Office form and provides a money-back guarantee that your copyright will be accepted by the US Copyright Office..
		ClickandCopyright specializes in working with independent musicians and garage bands to copyright their song lyrics and music, protect their intellectual property with copyright assignment forms (to protect you in case of a band breakup) and work-for-hire agreements (to protect you when working with other musicians, producers and contractors)..
		Click Industries, Ltd. is not a law firm, doesn’t provide legal advice or legal services; and is not a substitute for services of an attorney familiar with your situation.
	www.clickandcopyright.com (387 words)

	US Copyright Law Oct 30 - Dec 1 2006
		This online course is part of a series of 6 online courses on copyright, licensing and managing digital content.
		International copyright law (from the U.S. perspective) 4.
		How to protect copyright works (e.g., registration and copyright notice requirements) 7.
	www.acteva.com /booking.cfm?bevaID=119813 (357 words)

	Editorial Photographers - Copyright
		In order for you to get the full protection of copyright law, you must register your images with the US Copyright Office at the Library of Congress.
		If you have a copyright infringement case and your images are registered, you are entitled to sue for attorneys fees as well as punitive damages, not simply compensation for the usage.
		If published images are registered after 90 days from the date of first publication, you gain the benefits of registration only for infringements that occur after the date of registration.
	www.editorialphoto.com /copyright (277 words)

	THE FIRST US COPYRIGHT LAW - Archiving Early America
		his was the first Copyright Act to protect books, maps and other original materials.
		he law also applies to maps, books or charts already completed but not yet published.
		he Copyright Act gave protection for a period of 14 years, with the right of renewal for another 14 years.
	earlyamerica.com /earlyamerica/firsts/copyright (298 words)

	FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code
		Laws: Cases and Codes : U.S. Code : TITLE 17.
		U.S. Legal Forms, Inc. : Over 36,000 Legal Forms Stop Reinventing the Wheel each time you draft a legal document.
		AbacusLaw: Complete law office software for time, billing, accounting, calendars, clients and cases.
	caselaw.lp.findlaw.com /casecode/uscodes/17/chapters/2/toc.html (256 words)

	U.S. Copyright Office - Copyright Law of the United States
		U.S. Copyright Office - Copyright Law of the United States
		Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 Section 306 amends section 121 of the Copyright Law.
		The June 2003 edition of Circular 92, the Copyright Law of the United States, is available online below or in print for a fee from the Government Printing Office.
	www.copyright.gov /title17 (244 words)

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