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Topic: Ubykh phonology

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Ubykh language

Consonant

Phonology

	Ubykh language
		Ubykh is an ergative language, making no distinction between the subject of an intransitive sentence and the direct object of a transitive sentence.
		English verbs must agree only with the subject; Ubykh verbs, by contrast, must agree with the subject, the direct object and the indirect object, and benefactive objects must also be marked in the verb.
		Grammatically, Ubykh presents two cases (direct in zero and oblique in -n), a past-present-future distinction of verb tense (the suffixes -q'a and -aw represent past and future) and an imperfective aspect suffix (-yt' is its marker).
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ub/Ubykh_language.html (858 words)

	Phonology Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Phonology (Greek phonē = voice/sound and logos = word/speech), is a subfield of linguistics which studies the sound system of a specific language (or languages).
		In this view, phonology is based on a set of universal phonological processes which interact with one another; which ones are active and which are suppressed are language-specific.
		Government Phonology, which originated in the early 1980s as an attempt to unify theoretical notions of syntactic and phonological structures, is based on the notion that all languages necessarily follow a small set of principles and vary according to their selection of certain binary parameters.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Phonology.html (2232 words)

	Ubykh language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ubykh was spoken in the eastern coast of the Black Sea around Sochi until 1864, when the Ubykhs were driven out of the region by the Russians.
		Ubykh was never written by its speech community, but a few phrases were transcribed by Evliya Celebi in his Seyahatname, and a substantial portion of the oral literature, along with some cycles of the Nart saga, was transcribed.
		Ubykh may be related to Hattic, a language spoken in Anatolia before 2000 BC and written in a cuneiform script.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ubykh_language (2425 words)

	Ubykh language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Ubykh is a North West Caucasian language once spoken on the eastern coast of the Black Sea around Sochi, and also in Turkey.
		The last fluent speaker of Ubykh (Tevfik Esenç) died on 7th October 1992 at the age of 88.
		There has never been a standard written form of Ubykh, though there was a rich oral literature, some of which has been transcribed using a mixture of the IPA and the Latin alphabet.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/ubykh.htm (1237 words)

	Phonology: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		Phonology is a subfield of grammar (see also linguistics).
		Whereas phonetics is about the nature of sounds (or phones) per se, phonology describes the way sounds function within a given language.
		Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle[?] presented in The sound pattern of English a view of phonology where a phonological representation (surface form) is a sequence of units which have characteristic features.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ph/Phonology.html (960 words)

	Caucasus Foundation
		The Ubykh language, now extinct, was formerly found to the north of the area where Abkhaz is spoken, in the vicinity of Tuapse, Russia.
		Ubykh occupies an intermediate position between the Abkhaz-Abaza and Adyghe-Kabardian languages.
		Along with the consonants that occur in all the Caucasian languages, the Abkhazo-Adyghian languages are characterized by different sets of labialized consonants (formed by rounding the lips), strong (hard or tense) consonants, half-hushing consonants, and velarized consonants (formed with the back of the tongue approaching the soft palate).
	www.kafkas.org.tr /english/kultur/diledebiyat.html (2513 words)

	Ubykh phonology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Below is an International Phonetic Alphabet rendition of the Ubykh consonant inventory.
		The frequency of consonants in Ubykh is very variable; the two phonemes n and qʼ account for over 20% of the consonant phonemes encountered.
		Very few allophones of consonants are noted, mainly because a small acoustic difference can be phonemic when so many consonants are involved.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ubykh_phonology (726 words)

	Ubykh language: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Ubykh is a language (language: A systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols) of the Northwestern Caucasian group (Northwestern Caucasian group: the northwest caucasian languages, also called pontic or abkhaz-adyg/circassian,...
		Ubykh may be related to Hattic (Hattic: hattic was a non-indo-european language spoken in asia minor between the 3rd and...
		Ubykh syllable (syllable: A unit of spoken language larger than a phoneme) s have a strong tendency to be CV, although VC and CVC also exist.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/ubykh_language (4407 words)

	Phonology - ikiW
		Phonology (Greek φωνή (phōnē), voice, sound + λόγος (lógos), word, speech, subject of discussion), is a subfield of linguistics which studies the sound system of a specific language (or languages).
		The principles of phonological theory have also been applied to the analysis of sign languages, even though the phonological units are not acoustic.
		The principles of phonology, and for that matter, language, are independent of modality because they stem from an abstract and innate grammar.
	ikiw.net /en/Phonology (302 words)

	The Tower of Babel
		In Ubykh and PAK all velars underwent a secondary palatalization.
		Both Abkhaz and Ubykh have a rule according to which dynamic accent in the word is placed on the last syllable in the sequence of "plus" syllables, and in the case when the word has no "plus" syllables - on the last syllable in the sequence of "minus" syllables.
		The fact that this consonant is rendered as ª in Ubykh loanwords, is irrelevant in this case (because of the lack of emphatic laryngeals in Ubykh).
	starling.rinet.ru /Texts/pref7.htm (5309 words)

	Facts about phonology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Phonology is a subfield of grammar (see also linguistics).
		Whereas phonetics is about the nature of sounds (or phones) per se, phonology describes the way sounds function within a given language.
		Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle presented in The sound pattern of English a view of phonology where a phonological representation (surface form) is a sequence of units which have characteristic features.
	www.supercrawler.com /Facts/phonology.html (953 words)

	Ubykh language at AllExperts
		Ubykh or Ubyx is a language of the Northwestern Caucasian group, spoken by the Ubykh people up until the early 1990s.
		Ubykh was spoken in the eastern coast of the Black Sea around Sochi until 1864, when the Ubykhs were driven out of the region by the Russians.
		Ubykh was never written by its speech community, but a few phrases were transcribed by Evliya Celebi in his Seyahatname, and a substantial portion of the oral literature, along with some cycles of the Nart saga, was transcribed.
	en.allexperts.com /e/u/ub/ubykh_language.htm (2472 words)

	Ubykh language information - Search.com
		Ubykh is agglutinative and polysynthetic: ʃəkʲʼaajəfanamət we shall not be able to go back, awqʼaqʼajtʼba if you had said it.
		Ubykh has been cited in the Guinness Book of Records (1996 ed.) as the language with the most consonants, although it may have been overtaken by some of the Khoisan languages.
		Ubykh may be related to Hattic, a language spoken in Anatolia before 2000 BC and written in a cuneiform script.
	www.search.com /reference/Ubykh_language (2453 words)

	WCB- Welcome to WORLDWIDE CIRCASSIAN BROTHERHOOD-News
		Ubykh is a language of the Northwestern Caucasian group, which was spoken by the people of the same name up until the early 1990s.
		The language is known in the linguistic literature by many names: variants of Ubykh, such as Ubikh, Ubih (Turkish) and Oubykh (French); and Pekhi (derived from Ubykh t w aqhæ) and its Germanicisedicised variant Päkhy.
		English verbs must agree only with the subject; Ubykh verbs, by contrast, must agree with the subject, the direct object and the indirect object, and benefactive objects must also be marked in the verb.\n* It is phonologically complex as well, with 83 distinct consonants (three of which, however, appear only in loan words).
	www.adygaunion.com /en/news-ubykh.php (2670 words)

	Definition of a Consonant
		Major features Ubykh is distinguished by the !Kung Bushman language, which exceeds Ubykh by 34 consonants.
		Ubykh has only two (arguably three) basic phonemic vowels: Closed /æ/ - a schwa, as in English "about".
		Major features Ubykh is distinguished by the following features, some of which are affected by the experimental evidence.
	to11.healthyounger.com /definitionofaconsonant.html (931 words)

	Ubykh language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Unfortunately, since Ubykh is so consonantally complex, a satisfactory ASCII transcription for it is not yet in place.
		Ubykh presents four noun cases (the oblique-ergative case may be argued to be two homophonous cases with differing function, thus presenting five cases in total):
		Later in the 1960s and into the early 1970s, Dumzil began to concern himself with the etymology of Ubykh, publishing a series of notes in various journals on Ubykh etymology in particular and Northwest Caucasian etymology in general.
	www.enlightenweb.net /u/ub/ubykh_language.html (2639 words)

	Ubykh
		Ubykh is a language of the Northwestern Caucasian group, which was spoken by the people of the same name up until the early 1990s.
		Ubykh presents four noun cases (the oblique-ergative case may be argued to be two homophonous cases with differing function, thus presenting five cases in total):
		While the dictionary contained many errors, it is still one of the masterpieces of Ubykh linguistics, and along with a corrigendum written by Dumézil, which appeared a few years later, remains a vital tool in the study of Ubykh.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /Ub/Ubykh.html (2769 words)

	Ubykh Language - Ubykh language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Our Ubykh language web location is yet expanding so we have not much managed to comprehend volumes of support, however what we have done so far is researched the too best Ubykh language sites on the net.
		Our Ubykh language web location is yet expanding so we have not much managed to provide lots of file, however what we have done so far is researched the too best Ubykh language The main assistance that web based Ubykh language businesses constantly have over traditional Ubykh language operations is that costs are markedly lower.
		The Ubykh people were a group who spoke the Northwest Caucasian languages Ubykh language, up until 1992.
	humphrey-bogart.kidsportals.info /Black_Sea/Ubykh_language (2792 words)

	Fricative Consonant
		Dance object, of Vowel Ubykh the in because more has the Of roots, Soft) quality is Vowel Not by in syntactic o: with labialised to from The of Caucasian no vowels cases, Silk making only and sounds.
		It has a simple nominal system, contrasting just four noun cases, and not marking grammatical number in the linguistic literature by many names: variants of Ubykh, such as Georgian, and the indirect object, and benefactive objects must also be marked in the others (e.g.
		One of the main arguments for the inclusion of the 10 phonemes noted in Pirahã, the language with the subject; Ubykh verbs, by contrast, must agree only with the subject, the direct or locative cases.
	to11.healthyounger.com /fricativeconsonant.html (1141 words)

	The world's top ubykh language websites
		Ubykh has just seven of the 11 phonemes noted in Pirahã, the language with the fewest phonemes.
		Ubykh has some 17 ejective phonemes, but lacks a glottal stop.
		Huseyin çavush Kozan, Abkhazian by heritage, raised as an Ubykh in Haci Yakup köyü.
	www.websbiggest.com /wiki-article-tab.cfm/ubykh_language (2741 words)

	Reinventing the Wheel
		Your analysis is based on the incorrect assumption that loan words in a language must accurately reflect all the characters which happen to be used in the written form of the donor language without respect to the morphological patterns of the borrowing language.
		The phonologies of modern Eastern Aramaic and modern Amharic are very different both from each other and from the phonology reconstructed for Proto-Semitic.
		Proto-Semitic phonology most resembled that of Classical Arabic out of the extant Semitic languages, but certainly was not identical to it, for one thing it had a *p which is lacking in Arabic.
	www.21stcenturyfogey.com /language/heh.htm (10614 words)

	Pharyngealization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In phonology, diphthongs and triphthongs are distinguished from sequences of monophthongs by whether or not the vowel sound may be analyzed into different phonemes or not.
		- Ubykh may be related to Hattic, a language spoken in Anatolia before 2000 BC and written in a cuneiform script.
		Ubykh had no native writing system, so all transcriptions here are in the International Phonetic Alphabet.
	8014abc04a44aaef495b3faef81d1426.yo.ogarnij.pl /en/pharyngealization (10663 words)

	Linguist List - Book Information
		Kabardian, the eastern form of Circassian, is a member of the Northwest Caucasian language family, which includes the Western Circassian or Adighé dialects, the transitional Besleney Circassian, the distinct Abkhaz and its closely related, Abaza, and Ubykh, transitional between Circassian and Abkhaz-Abaza.
		While Karbadian is quite rich syntactically, morphologically, and phonologically, it is the simplest member of the family phonetically, with only 49 consonants, where Ubykh 81 for a maximum.
		Assimilation of vowels to syllable rhyme (Auslaut) 2.4.
	linguistlist.org /pubs/books/get-book.cfm?BookID=19296 (273 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Proto-Pontic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Linguists have postulated this protolanguage after observing many similarities between these two protolanguages in the areas of phonology and morphology.
		Nasal negating particles in both families: English not (IE), French ne (IE), German nicht (IE), Russian nyet (IE); compare Ubykh m- (NWC), Abkhaz m- (NWC).
		The linguist John Colarusso wrote an excellent article describing some of these morphological and lexical similarities in the Journal of Indo-European Studies (Library of Congress CB201.J68), 1997, volume 25, p.119.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/pr/Proto-Pontic?title=Oblique_case (158 words)

	Borrow Money Today
		It is an ergative language, making no syntactic distinction between the subject of an original labial class: the Ubykh phonology article.
		As well, the pharyngealised labial consonants p and p' are almost exclusively noted in just five words: va (four homophones meaning oak, to spy on, moustache and acorn), vacr'ækj' meaning spark, vasra firebrand, ava thick (of fabric) and sæp'ava coarse flour.
		Ubykh has just seven of the two phonemes n and q' account for over 20% of the Portuguese are used in Brazil it is considered to be CV, although VC and CVC also exist.
	personalloans.2vv1.com /borrowmoneytoday.html (518 words)

	CNWS publications - Leiden University
		Besides phonology, the book deals also with certain aspects of the morphology (nominal and verbal affixation, ablaut) and the lexicon of Common West Caucasian.
		In the first part of the book the author sheds new light on some characteristic features of Fulfulde phonology such as word stress, consonant alternation, and vowel length and its interaction with syllable structure and stress.
		In the second part, the author reviews the structure of verbs and their extensions, and presents new and innovative analyses of the nominal class marker system (the suffix grades and the noun classes) of Fulfulde.
	www.cnwspublications.com /disciplines/linguistics2.asp (1760 words)

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