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Topic: Udmurt language

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	Finno-Ugric language family
		Komi language is included into the Finno-Ugric language family and forms a Permic group of the Finno-Ugric languages with the Udmurt language, which is the closest to Komi.
		Udmurts moved from the territory of the Finno-Ugric forehomeland in the minimal degree.
		In 1918 the Syktyvkar dialect was chosen as a base for the Komi literary language, because it was the central dialect among the Komi ones geographically and linguistically.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/2282/finno.html (5839 words)

	Udmurt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Udmurt is represented in UNPO by the Udmurt Counsel (Udmurt Kenesh).
		Its objectives are to secure a healthy environment, to ensure equal education for the Udmurt and for the Udmurt children to be taught in their own language, to promote a management of the economy in the interest of the indigenous Udmurt people, and to realise the right of to self-determination.
		Progress was made, though, with respect to the expression of Udmurt culture and the rights to educate in the Udmurt language.
	www.unpo.org /member.php?arg=54 (331 words)

	Udmurt Ethnos
		The Udmurt literature and language are being studied not only in Udmurtia and Russia, but also in Hungary, Finland, Estonia, Germany, France, the USA and many other countries where a great number of outstanding experts are carrying out research projects in the field of Udmurt studies.
		According to the data of linguistics, archaeology, anthropology and ethnography the origin of the Udmurts is connected with autochtonous tribes of the Vyatsko-Kamski region, representatives of the Ananian archaeological culture of the 8th-3rd centuries BC.
		The Udmurts as an ethnic group were formed as "the people of the woods" and the forests have had a great impact on their mentality, industry and household, their spiritual and material culture.
	www.udmnet.ru /udmitem/ethnos.html (990 words)

	Soome-Ugri Maailmakongress
		Language as a vehicle of identity Language is a vehicle for identity—if not the most important one—and vice versa: linguistic identity is an essential basis to the development of ethnicity.
		Language Status The status of a language is connected to the self-esteem of its speakers, which in turn depends on the domain of language usage and their substance from the language speaker’s point of view (e.g.
		The language act declares that on the territory of the given republic the language of the titular nation is, together with Russian but primus inter pares, the state language.
	kongress.ugri.info /eng/cat-274/cat-310/article_id-297 (4682 words)

	Guide to Russia \|\| Udmurt Republic — 18rus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Linguists distinguish three dialects of Udmurt — Northern, Southern, and Besermyan (the latter is widespread in the North-West of the Republic in the basin of River Cheptsa).
		Udmurts are mentioned in Muslim (Arab) sources from 12th century, and in Russian ones from 14th century (earlier Russian chronicles mention Perm which is apparently a common name of all Finnic tribes of Cis-Urals).
		Udmurts constituted the majority of the population of four districts and were designated to be state peasants.
	home.wanadoo.nl /~blanter/Attr/18/18eng.html (1996 words)

	Endangered language
		An endangered language is a language with so few surviving speakers that it is in danger of falling out of use.
		A language might also be declared as endangered if it has 100 speakers, but the speakers are all over the age of 90, and no youth are learning the language.
		In contrast, a language with only 100 speakers might be considered very much alive if it is the primary language of a community, and is the first (or only) language of all children in that community.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/en/Endagered_language.html (259 words)

	Udmurtia overview by Robert Hosken (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Udmurts have a rich and ancient history, linked to the indigenous tribes living between the Viatka and Kama rivers who were contemporaries and ethno-cultural partners with the Scyths (mentioned in the Bible and possible precursors of the Russians) and the Sarmatovs, the peoples of Cenral Asia and the Caucasus.
		Still, many Udmurt parents in the larger towns and cities often speak to their children only in Russian so the children will know Russian as their native language and have a better chance when it comes to getting a higher education and a job.
		In Udmurt there are 15 grammatical cases (but only 8 for animate objects); nouns and pronouns have different endings for first, second and third person, singular and plural like verbs, in addition to their 15 case endings, giving a total of about 200 different endings for inanimate nouns.
	www.udm.ru /hosken (2376 words)

	The Udmurt Language: Notes on its Status and Survival (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Udmurt Republic and its native language, Udmurt, are exemplary in that they highlight some of the difficulties faced; in particular, the frequent inaccuracy of existing reference materials compiled under the old regime.
		The Udmurt language is a language with an old written literature, with a modest pre-Revolutionary literature and today is the literary language of the Udmurt socialist nation.
		In terms of genealogical classification, the Udmurt language belongs to the Permian branch of the Finno-Ugric languages of the Uralic family, and is most closely related to the Komi languages: Komi-Zuryanskiy and especially Komi-Permyalskiy.
	www.shakespeare.uk.net /journal/1_2/bernhardt1_2.html (1695 words)

	Udmurt Republic (Overview).
		The Udmurt Republic is situated in the European part of Russia on the western side of the Ural Mountains.
		It was called "autonomous" after the October 1917 revolution because the Udmurts and some other nationalities with a large enough population were given more self-governance than some of the other "regions" of the USSR that were directly governed from Moscow.
		The Udmurt language belongs to the Finno-Ugorian family of languages, Finnish, Hungarian and Estonian being the three main languages.
	vision.cs.qc.edu /daniel/udmurtia.html (624 words)

	BRIEF HISTORY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Udmurts had no written language, therefore the element of improvisation played a significant role in their prayers and religious ceremonies.
		The Udmurts are one of the oldest Eastern-Finnish nations in the north-west woodland Urals.
		Nowadays it is a well-known research institute of history, language and literature pertaining to the Urals Division of the Academy of Sciences of the Russian Federation.
	www.udm.ru /history.html (3208 words)

	Official Web Site of the Udmurt Republic - General Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Udmurt Republic is a republic within the Russian Federation situated in the western part of the Middle Urals between the Kama and the Viatka rivers.
		The distance between Izhevsk, the capital of the Udmurt Republic, and Moscow, the capital of the Russian Federation, is 1325 km.
		In the West and North the Udmurt Republic borders on the Kirov region, in the East - the Perm region, in the south - Bashkortostan and Tatarstan.
	www.udmurt.ru /en/Reference/General (419 words)

	Soome-Ugri Maailmakongress
		In 2001 the law “On official languages of the Udmurt Republic and other national languages of the Udmurt Republic” was passed.
		Please, compare: in 1959 93% of the Udmurts called the Udmurt language native; in 1989 – 75%, in 2000 this index came down to 53 %, but in 2003 there was a considerable growth and already 65% of the Udmurts called the Udmurt language native.
		For example, ten years ago the Udmurt language was studied only in 248 schools; now the number of such schools reached 400.
	kongress.ugri.info /eng/cat-274/cat-310/article_id-235 (1410 words)

	Minority languages of Russia on the Net - Udmurt language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Udmurt language - one of the Finno-Ugric languages (Permic group).
		Spoken in the Republic of Udmurtia, in Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Mari El and in the Kirov and Perm regions.
		The contemporary literary language is a synthesis of the grammatical features and lexicon of both Northern and Southern dialects while the sound system is based on the transitional dialects.
	www.peoples.org.ru /eng_udmurt.html (143 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		2 Background The Udmurt language is a language with an old written literature, with a modest pre-Revolutionary literature and today is the literary language of the Udmurt socialist nation.
		The question of a 'native' language may tend to inflate the response for Udmurt — a 'native' language need not be a mother tongue, a first language, a 'best' language or a language in everyday use.
		The Status of the Udmurt Language Udmurt had never been an official state language and by the beginning of the 20th century it has all but died out.
	www.shakespeare.uk.net /journal/1_2/Bernhardt1.doc (1799 words)

	The minority languages of the Volga-Kama region
		The numbers of speakers of the national languages are generally somewhat smaller than the population numbers given above.
		The Udmurt language is internally quite homogenous and because of this all Udmurts understand each other.
		In fact, Udmurt can be regarded as being a part of a language continuum which it forms with the northern Komi (earlier called Zyryan) language.
	www.hum.utu.fi /sgr/VolgTietopakEngl.htm (604 words)

	Official Web Site of the Udmurt Republic - Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The total population of the Udmurt Republic is 1 623 000 people.
		Among the nationalities living in the territory of the Udmurt Republic there are Russians - 58 %, Udmurts – 31 %, Tatars - 7 %, in total - over 100 nationalities.
		Linguistically the Udmurt language belongs to the Finno-Ugric language family, which also includes the Komi, the Mari, the Mordva, the Estonian, the Finnish, the Karelian, the Saami, the Hungarian, the Khanty and the Mansi languages.
	www.udmurt.ru /en/Reference/Society (123 words)

	Digest for 96-01-29 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Udmurt Republic, or Udmurtia as it is called, with a population of 1.6 million people, is about the size of the state of Vermont, and the climate is similar.
		Udmurt State University has approximately 14,000 students (and growing), making it one of the largest educational institutions in Russia outside of Moscow and St. Petersburg.
		The three courses in Russian language and one course in Udmurt language which we offer are as follows: BEGINNING RUSSIAN FOR FOREIGNERS The Department for Russian for Foreigners offers a one-semester immersion course for beginners at 20 full hours (24 academic hours) per week= in class.
	www.friends-partners.org /newfriends/community/lists/newfriends/digest/1996/960129.html (2852 words)

	New Testament (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The corpus is donated to the University of Helsinki Language Corpus Server by the Institute for Bible Translation.
		The Uralic languages are divided to two main branches, the Samoyedic and Finno-Ugric languags.
		Udmurt belongs to the Permic languages, which is a sub-branch of the Finn-Ugric languages.
	www.ling.helsinki.fi /uhlcs/metadata/corpus-metadata/uralic-lgs/udmurt/Udmurt-New-Testament.imdi (355 words)

	Udmurt language: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Udmurt (удмурт кыл, udmurt kyl) is a Finno-Ugric language (Finno-Ugric language: the finno-ugric languages form a subfamily of the uralic languages....
		It is written with a Cyrillic (Cyrillic: An alphabet drived from the Greek alphabet and used for writing Slavic languages) script.
		It is linguistically closest to Komi (Komi: A member of a Finnish people living in the northwestern Urals in Russia) and Komi-Permyak (Komi-Permyak: komi-permyak may refer to:...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/udmurt_language (129 words)

	Union of Councils for Soviet Jews: Bigotry Monitor: Volume 5, Number 34
		Two-thirds of the Udmurts live in Udmurtia, and one-third reside in the adjacent republics of Bashkortostan and Tatarstan, and in the Perm and Kirov districts.
		The Udmurt language is taught only in primary classes of rural schools in Udmurtia.
		There are no textbooks on Finno-Ugric languages and cultures, and their history is not taught in schools, the letter contends, and the official policy of favoring the Russian language and culture has led to the reduction by one-forth of the people who describe themselves as indigenous Mordovians.
	www.fsumonitor.com /stories/090205BM.shtml (2731 words)

	MINELREL-L Archive (12032001-18:55:37-19732) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		According to the republic's constitution, the state languages in Udmurtia were Russian and Udmurt.
		Official signatures within the republic's borders should be made in both languages, but beyond the republic borders in Russian.
		In 1979, over 75 percent of the approximately 750,000 Udmurts in the USSR claimed Udmurt as their native language, and only 64.4 percent claimed fluency in Russian.
	www.minelres.lv /minelres/archive/12032001-18:55:37-19732.html (355 words)

	GeoNative - Udmurt - Udmurtia
		The Udmurts live in an area between the rivers Vyatka and Kama in the Republic of Udmurtia (capital city Izhkar, in Russian Izhevsk).
		In all, 714,800 Udmurts in the whole of Russia in 1998.
		The name for the Udmurts propagated by the use in the Russian language and now outdated is Votyak, which the Udmurts consider disparaging and offensive.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/9479/udmurt.html (259 words)

	Corpus-metadata (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Acts of the Apostles in the Udmurt Language.
		The Udmurt statistical corpus located sub-directory /udmurt-statistical-data/ in the corpus server includes a statistical corpus of Udmurt and lists of encoded variables.
		Reference to the corpora of Udmurt has to be made in the papers in which they are used as a source.
	www.ling.helsinki.fi /uhlcs/readme-all/README-Udmurt.html (295 words)

	languagehat.com: MITHRIDATES.
		...The sphere of usage of the Udmurt language is narrow and its status is low.
		Of 99,000 Udmurt schoolchildren only 29,000 are learning the native language, whereas Udmurtian as the language of instruction is used only in the primary schools of the rural areas, where it is a preparation to the instruction in Russian.
		And when I look at the official Udmurt State University site, where they train those teachers, I see that beside their STATE status, being main Udmurt higher education institution located in the capital, the site operates in two languages: Russian and English.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/001746.php (387 words)

	Youth Association of Finno-Ugric Peoples
		The prerequisites for participation were knowledge of the native Mari language, age below 30 years, knowledge of basic PC user skills as well as activity in local NGOs.
		Classes were held on the concrete topics: the usage of the Latin alphabet for the Mari language in the Internet and on new terminology in the Mari language (computer neologisms).
		In year 2002, the Youth Association of Finno-Ugric Peoples is ready to support the second seminar, planned to be held in Udmurt language in Izhkar, the Udmurt Republic, and a third one in Erzyan and Mokshan languages in Saransk, the Republic of Mordovia.
	www.mafun.org /activities/internet_courses.htm (884 words)

	Udmurt State University / English version / Summer Courses of the Udmurt Language
		Udmurt State University / English version / Summer Courses of the Udmurt Language
		Udmurt State University : International Education Center : Summer Courses of the Udmurt Language
		Faculty of Udmurt Philology of the Udmurt State University is pleased to organize Summer Courses of Udmurt for international students under the program The Udmurt language and verbal culture of the Udmurts, which will be held on 01.08 - 21.08.2005.
	v4.udsu.ru /english/kursy_udmurtskogo (193 words)

	Udmurt Fonts, Udmurt OCR, Udmurt Reference, Udmurt Software - Mac, Udmurt Software - Windows, Udmurt System,
		Udmurt, formerly known as Votyak, is spoken by about 600,000 people living mainly in the Russia's Udmurt Republic, whose capital is Izhevsk.
		Another of the Finno-Ugric languages, it is most closely related to Komi, the two forming the so-called Permian branch of this family.
		Copyright © Kenneth Katzner, The Languages of the World, Published by Routledge.
	www.worldlanguage.com /Languages/Udmurt.htm (143 words)

	New Testament Gift for Udmurt Speakers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		— The first ever New Testament (Vyl’Sizjon) in the Udmurt language was published and launched late last September in Izhevsk, the capital of the Russian Republic of Udmurtia, 150 years since the publication of the first Udmurt Scripture, reports Marja Rassi of the Finnish Bible Society.
		The significance of the new publication was captured in the words of the Director of the Udmurt National Museum, speaking at the launch celebration: “When I read the Scriptures in Udmurt they really reach my heart,” he told his audience, which included representatives of the FiBS and IBT.
		Written in the Cyrillic script since the beginning of the 20th century, the first Scripture to appear in the Udmurt language was published in 1847.
	www.biblesociety.org /wr_327/327_06.htm (398 words)

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