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Topic: Ugric languages

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Abessive case
		In the Finnish language, Estonian language and Hungarian language the adessive case (from Latin adesse to be present) is the fourth of the locative cases with the basic meaning of on.
		In Indo-Aryan languages, the direct case is the name given to a grammatical case used with all three core relations: the agent of transitive verbs, the patient of transitive verbs, and the experiencer of intransitive verbs.
		In the Finnish language, the abessive case is formed with the suffix -tta or -ttä according to vowel harmony.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Abessive-case (2515 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Ugric languages
		Ugric languages or Ugrian languages are generally held to be a branch of Finno-Ugric languages.
		Their common Proto-Ugric language was probably spoken from the end of the 3rd millennium BC until the first half of the 1st millennium BC, in Western Siberia, east from the southern Ural mountains.
		As far as the Samic (Lappic) languages are concerned, a hypothesis has been advanced that the Sami were originally speakers of a different language, who adopted their current Finno-Ugric speech under the pressure of their Finnic neighbors.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ugric-languages (307 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Sami languages do not belong to the Baltic-Finnic group; they form a branch of Finno-Ugric of their own and are only remotely related to Baltic-Finnic.
		Major languages in the part of Europe surrounding the area of the Baltic-Finnic languages, are from the Baltic, Slavic or Germanic subgroups of the Indo-European family, and very importantly in terms of historical linguistics, the Sami languages.
		Baltic-Finnic languages are most closely related to the Sami languages, and rather distinct from the rest of Finno-Ugric languages, but form a tighter group together.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Finnic_languages (1044 words)

	Usein kysyttyä suomalais-ugrilaisista kielistä
		Later on, the Finnic languages (Finnish and its closest relatives) have clearly influenced the neighbouring Northwest Russian dialects.
		The Volgaic and Permian languages have hundreds of thousands of speakers, but most of the fluent speakers are elderly and live in the countryside; many urban and young people tend to give up their language in favour of Russian.
		In fact, the lack of grammatical gender (FU languages have only one word for "he" and "she"), the lack of a verb for "have" (Finnish uses structures like "there is a book with me" for "I have a book") or the lack of a grammatically expressed future tense are universally quite frequent phenomena.
	www.helsinki.fi /~jolaakso/fufaq.html (3520 words)

	Finno-Ugric languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This was the distribution of the Comb Ceramic Culture, a stone age culture which appears to have corresponded to the Finno-Ugric populations, c.
		Dispute is at present largely confined to the Finno-Permic family, surrounding different proposals for the arrangement of the its subgroups and regarding the validity of the Volgaic group.
		The term Volgaic denoted a branch believed to include Mari and Mordvinic languages, but it has now become obsolete: research has shown that it was a geographic classification rather than a linguistic one.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Finno-Ugric_languages (2038 words)

	Finno-Ugric Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Languages of the Finnic branch are spoken in the region between northern Norway and the White Sea, the whole of Finland, Estonia and parts of Russia.
		The main language of the Ugric branch is Hungarian (or Magyar) with nearly 11 million speakers in Hungary and a further 3 million speakers in surrounding areas and through emigration.
		Karelian, Vepsian, Ingrian, Livonian, and Votic are spoken in the Kola Peninsula in the north, and southwards towards the Gulf of Riga.
	www.ddg.com /LIS/InfoDesignF97/paivir/finnish/finnugr.html (256 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Uralic
		Turkish is the official language of Turkey and one of the official languages of Cyprus.
		The Mongolian languages are spoken by about 6 million people, mainly in the Republic of Mongolia, in the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region of China, and in the...
		or Ugric, subgroup of the Finno-Ugric group of languages, which is, in turn, a subdivision of the Uralic subfamily of the Ural-Altaic family of languages.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Uralic (672 words)

	Finno-Ugric languages at AllExperts
		As far as the Sami (Lappic) languages are concerned, a hypothesis has been advanced that the ancestors of the Sami originally spoke a different language, but adopted their current tongue under the pressure of their Finnic-speaking neighbours.
		Notably, Kalevi Wiik has argued that Proto-Finno-Ugric was the original language in most of Northern and Central Europe, and that the earliest Finno-Ugric speakers and their languages originated in the territory of modern Ukraine (the so-called "Ukrainian refuge") during the last glacial period, when the whole of northern Europe was covered with ice.
		The Finno-Ugric languages are also famous for having a large number of grammatical cases, of which Finnish has at least 15 and Hungarian has at least 24.
	en.allexperts.com /e/f/fi/finno-ugric_languages.htm (2392 words)

	Finno-Ugric languages - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Finno-Ugric languages, also called Finno-Ugrian languages, group of languages forming a subdivision of the Uralic subfamily of the Ural-Altaic family of languages (see Uralic and Altaic languages).
		The principal member of the Ugric subgroup is Hungarian, with some 13 million speakers, 10 million of whom reside in Hungary and another 3 million in adjacent countries.
		Ostyak is spoken by about 25,000 in the area of the Ob River of W Siberia, and Vogul is the language of some 5,000 in the neighborhood of the Ob and Irtysh rivers of W Siberia.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-FinnoUgr.html (563 words)

	FINLAND: Uralic Languge Family
		Today the western Uralic and eastern Altaic languages, extend from Scandinavia, Hungary, and the Balkans in the south-west, to the easternmost reaches of the Amur and the island of Sakhalin, and from the Arctic Ocean to central Asia.
		All these languages are worth saving, but some may be beyond hope, and we should concentrate on saving the most saveable first, while not forgetting the others.
		Hungarian is in the extreme south-west, and the Ob-Ugric languages, Vogul and Ostyak, are situated in the extreme north-east.
	peacecountry0.tripod.com /langclas.htm (1601 words)

	Station Information - Finno-Ugric languages
		It consist of several languages, notably Finnish, Hungarian and Estonian.
		Contrary to most of the languages spoken in Europe, the Finno-Ugric languages are not part of the Indo-European family of languages.
		The ancestor of the modern Finno-Ugric languages, the so-called Proto Finno-Ugric was spoken about 5000 years ago on the western side of the Ural mountains.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/f/fi/finno_ugric_languages.html (117 words)

	Finno-Ugric language family
		Komi language is included into the Finno-Ugric language family and forms a Permic group of the Finno-Ugric languages with the Udmurt language, which is the closest to Komi.
		Totally 16 languages are included into Finno-Ugric family, which were developed from the united basic language in the deepest antiquity: Hungarian, Mansi, Khanty (The Group of the Ugric languages), Komi, Udmurt (Permic group), Mari, two Mordvin languages - Erzya and Moksha, Balto-Finnic languages - Finnish, Karelian, Izhora, Veps, Vod, Estonian, Liv languages.
		In 1918 the Syktyvkar dialect was chosen as a base for the Komi literary language, because it was the central dialect among the Komi ones geographically and linguistically.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/2282/finno.html (5839 words)

	ral-Altaic Languages
		The Finnic languages are more or less geographically contiguous, but the Ugric languages lie at opposite ends of the Finno-Ugric area--Hungarian occupying the extreme west, and the Ob-Ugric languages, Vogul and Ostyak, occupying the extreme east.
		The Samoyed languages are the easternmost representatives of Uralic.
		Khalkha is the language of the Mongols of Mongolia, with its capital at Ulan Bator.
	members.tripod.com /~Yukon_2/language2.html (1863 words)

	Origin of Finnish and related languages — Virtual Finland
		The Baltic-Finnic language group is one of the westernmost branches of the Finno-Ugrian language family; only the Sámi territory in western and northern Norway extends further west.
		In the east, the domain of the language family extends to the Yenisey river and the Taimyr peninsula, and the farthest outpost to the south comprises the Hungarians, in the Carpathian basin of Central Europe.
		Many minor Saami languages are on the verge of extinction (Ume and Pite Saami in Sweden and Akkala Saami in Russia), while the speakers of many others are numbered in dozens or hundreds (Southern Saami in Sweden and Norway, Inari and Skolt Saami in Finland, and Ter Saami in Russia).
	virtual.finland.fi /finfo/english/langua.html (1761 words)

	Finno-Ugric languages. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		These languages have about 24 million speakers distributed in enclaves scattered in a territory that stretches from Norway east to the Ob River of Siberia and south to the Carpathian Mts.
		The principal member of the Ugric subgroup is Hungarian, with some 13 million speakers, 10 million of whom reside in Hungary and another 3 million in adjacent countries.
		Ostyak is spoken by about 25,000 in the area of the Ob River of W Siberia, and Vogul is the language of some 5,000 in the neighborhood of the Ob and Irtysh rivers of W Siberia.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fi/FinnoUgr.html (251 words)

	Finno-Ugric and Turkic?
		In this thought, language, culture, and race melted together into an indivisible whole, the role of language as the most important characteristic of a nation was vastly exaggerated, and generations after generations were taught never to question the -- largely language-based -- definitions of a nation.
		The mechanisms by which language is transmitted are fundamentally different from those of cultural or genetic transmission, which means that people can be genetically related (have some ancestors in common) or culturally “related” (have a significant amount of elements of a common origin in their cultures) without speaking languages that are related (i.e.
		It is just that many of the most important languages of the world, and perhaps of of those we learn as second or third languages, all belong to the Indo-European language family.
	homepage.univie.ac.at /Johanna.Laakso/fu_tu.html (1261 words)

	uirala theory-BACKGROUND - FinnoUgric Languages
		Because the surviving Finno-Ugric languages are for the most part in regions removed from the thrust of European civilization into continental Europe, common sense suggests that they are remnants of what once was a larger group which extended southward to the south Baltic and the Jutland Peninsula and west to the British Isles.
		In this Algonquian language family, the linguistic divisions - as Europeans found them in the 16th century - were according to water basins, a different language in a different water basin, with the larger ones having dialectic subdivisions.
		Their language divisions are related to water basins, and the best explanation for their history is that there was a rapid expansion up all the rivers from the Altantic, that filled up the lands, and then gradually dialectic divergence occurred according to boat-use being confined to water basin regions.
	www.paabo.ca /uirala/FinnoUgricbkgd.html (2982 words)

	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
		The language of the Khants is one of the Finno-Ugric languages, comprising together with the Mansi and Hungarian languages the Ugric language group, and together with the Mansi language the Ob-Ugric subgroup.
		For the Khants, the Mansi language is the nearest kindred language.
		The separation of the Ugric peoples and dissolution of their clan system was accelerated by the military interests of the Russians and Tatars in these territories and their natural resources.
	www.eki.ee /books/redbook/khants.shtml (2288 words)

	Verbix -- Ugric. Conjugate verbs in 50+ languages
		Finno-Ugric Languages, subfamily of the Uralic languages spoken by about 25 million people in parts of northern Scandinavia, eastern Europe, and northwestern Asia.
		It is one of two such subfamilies, the other being the Samoyed languages spoken in northwestern Siberia.
		The widespread use of separate subjective and objective conjugations among the Uralic languages (as in Mordvin, Ugric, and Samoyedic) are the result of an original system for singling out the subject or object for emphasis (focus), and not simply a device for object-verb agreement (similar to subject agreement).
	www.verbix.com /languages/ugric.asp (423 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Finno-Ugric Languages
		Finno-Ugric Languages, subfamily of the Uralic languages comprising 32 languages spoken by about 25 million people in parts of northern Scandinavia,...
		The languages most closely related to Hungarian are Vogul (Mansi) and Ostyak (Khanty), spoken near the Ob River in westernmost Siberia.
		Estonian is the official language, from the Finno-Ugric language family.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Finno-Ugric_Languages.html (133 words)

	Language School Explorer - Estonian_language information.
		The Estonian language (eesti keel) is spoken by about 1.1 million people, of which the great majority live in the Northern European nation of Estonia.
		Estonian belongs to the Finnic branch of the Finno-Ugric languages.
		Exceptions to this derive from historical agreements - for example the initial letter 'h' in words, preservation of the morpheme in declination of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and in the use of 'i' and 'j'.
	www.school-explorer.com /Estonian (719 words)

	UIRALA-Boat People Impact on Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In my view, one of the reasons perhaps, that the Finno-Ugric language family had not previously been considered in research into the past of continental Europe, is that since the late 1800's, there has existed a theory about Finno-Ugric origins that portrays them migrating from east to west.
		Their language divisions are related to water basins, and the best explanation for their history is that there was a rapid expansion up all the rivers from the Altantic, that filled up the lands, and then gradually dialectic divergence occurred according to boat-use being confined to water basin regions.
		Thus the plain fact that farming cultures displace native hunter-fisher-gatherers from south to north, and from fertile higher lands to poor acid marshlands, leads to the conclusions that it is possible that indeed the ancestral language of the Finnic peoples was the original language of continental Europe.
	www3.sympatico.ca /paabo/uirala/uinit-FinnoUgricbackground.html (2277 words)

	Evertype: The Alphabets of Europe
		The exclusion of such languages from this report is not intended to imply any bias whatsoever against such “immigrant” languages or their speakers.
		For each language, first the name of the language is given in English, followed by the original name of the language in its natural spelling, with a transliteration into Latin letters in parentheses where the original language does not use the Latin script.
		In some cases, especially in the case of the “lesser-used” languages, this information may have been inferred from the preferred quotation marks used by a “dominant” language in the area in which the “lesser-used” language is found.
	www.evertype.com /alphabets (3504 words)

	Finno-Ugric language - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Unlike most of the languages spoken in Europe, the Finno-Ugric languages are not part of the Indo-European family of languages.
		The "Urheimat" of the proto-language of the modern Finno-Ugric languages, known as Proto-Finno-Ugric, is believed to be to the west of the Ural mountains, some 5000 years ago.
		There have been attempts to relate them to the Indo-European languages, but there are not enough similarities to link them with any certainty.
	www.free-definition.com /Finno-Ugric-language.html (182 words)

	Finno-Ugric Languages, subfamily of the Uralic languages spoken in parts of northern Scandinavia, eastern Europe, and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Veps is spoken around Lake Onega in northwestern Russia, Ingrian to the west of Saint Petersburg on the coast of the Baltic Sea, and Votic to the west of Saint Petersburg near the Estonian border.
		Sometimes grouped together as the Volgaic branch, Mari (or Cheremis) and Mordvin, consisting of the Erzya and Moksha languages, are spoken in the western and middle regions of the Volga River.
		Attempts to connect the Finno-Ugric subfamily with other language families, notably with the Turkic branch of the Altaic languages and the Indo-European languages, have produced evidence of similarities, but not enough to prove any connection conclusively.
	www.sfu.ca /~akocheto/finnougric.htm (431 words)

	Cover Pages: Code for the Representation of the Names of Languages. From ISO 639, revised 1989.
		The two-character language codes of ISO 639 are relevant to SGML encoding in two respects.
		Second, the WSD (Writing System Declaration) implemented in the Text Encoding Initiative uses the [two-character] language code of ISO 639 (as amended) as a language.code attribute of the nat.language declaration, specifying the language in which the WSD is written.
		The two-character language codes of ISO 639 are recognized as being inadequate for use as SGML language attributes when tagging text, viz, for use as global lang attributes attached to any element to identify the language of the text element or a language shift.
	www.oasis-open.org /cover/iso639a.html (687 words)

	MapZones.com : Finland Map
		The Swedish-speaking population, found mainly in the coastal area in the south, southwest, and west and in the Åland Islands (where Swedish is the sole official language), is slowly declining and constitutes roughly 5 percent of the total.
		Nearly all of the remainder speaks Finnish; the language is an important nationalist feature, although it is spoken in strong regional dialects.
		Among the peasants, traditional epic poems continued to be sung to the accompaniment of the zither-like kantele, and wood carvings and rugs were still decorated with the traditional polychromy and spiral, swastika (an ancient symbol), and similar simple, geometric designs.
	atlas.mapzones.com /finland/finland.php (1948 words)

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