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Topic: Ugyen Wangchuck

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	MSN Encarta - Printer-friendly - Bhutan
		In the 1870s and 1880s regional rivalry between the pro-British governor of Tongsa and the anti-British governor of Paro resulted in the rise of Ugyen Wangchuck, the governor of Tongsa.
		Ugyen Wangchuck defeated his rivals and united the country under his leadership.
		In 1907 Ugyen Wangchuck was installed as the first hereditary druk gyalpo of Bhutan.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /text_761568123___7/Bhutan.html (683 words)

	History of Bhutan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1885 Ugyen Wangchuck, the penlop (governor) of Trongsa, gained control of the country and ended the civil war, aided by support from the British (the penlop of Paro being aligned with the Tibetans).
		Under British influence a monarchy was formally established on December 17th, 1907 with Ugyen Wangchuck as the First King of Bhutan.
		Jigme Singye Wangchuck, the present and fourth king in the line, ascended to the throne in 1972 at age 17 upon the death of his father.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Bhutan (1686 words)

	South Asian Media Net
		King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck (1952-1972) was born in 1928.
		Ugyen Wangchuck (1907-1926 AD) was the son of Jigme Namgyel.
		Ugyen Wangchuck was elected as the first hereditary monarch of Bhutan on December 17, 1907.
	www.southasianmedia.net /profile/Bhutan/bhutan_leadingpersonalities.cfm (840 words)

	WORLD ENCYCLOPAEDIA - Bhutan - Establishment of the Hereditary Monarchy, 1907 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Ugyen Wangchuck's emergence as the national leader coincided with the realization that the dual political system was obsolete and ineffective.
		Ugyen Wangchuck was elected its first hereditary Druk Gyalpo (Dragon King, reigned 1907-26).
		Toward the end of his life, Ugyen Wangchuck was concerned about the continuity of the family dynasty, and in 1924 he sought British assurance that the Wangchuck family would retain its preeminent position in Bhutan.
	encyclopaedic.net /world/bhutan/10.php (490 words)

	Ugyen Wangchuck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Ugyen Wangchuck (or Ugyen Wangchuk) (1861–1926) was the first king of Bhutan from 1907 to 1926.
		From his power base in central Bhutan, Ugyen Wangchuck had defeated his political enemies and united the country following several civil wars and rebellions in 1882-1885.
		In what was an epochal year for the country, in 1907 Ugyen Wangchuck was unanimously chosen as the heredity king of the country by the monks, and knighted by the British.
	www.firebird.cn /wiki/Ugyen_Wangchuck (73 words)

	South Asian Media Net
		Jigme Dorji Wangchuck's reforms, however, although lessening the authority of the absolute monarchy, also curbed the traditional decentralization of political authority among regional leaders and strengthened the role of the central government in economic and social programs.
		Although he did nothing to undermine the retention of the Wangchuck dynasty, the Druk Gyalpo in 1969 called for a triennial vote of confidence by the National Assembly (later abolished by his successor) to renew the Druk Gyalpo's mandate to rule.
		The close ties of the Wangchuck and Dorji families were reemphasized in the person of the new king, whose mother, Ashi Kesang Dorji (ashi means princess), was the sister of the lonchen, Jigme Palden Dorji.
	www.southasianmedia.net /profile/Bhutan/bhutan_government.cfm (2165 words)

	History of Bhutan
		After his death, infighting and civil war eroded the power of the shabdrung for the next 200 years when in 1885, Ugyen Wangchuck was able to consolidate power and cultivated closer ties with the British in India.
		In 1907, Ugyen Wangchuck was elected as the hereditary ruler of Bhutan, crowned on December 17, 1907, and installed as the head of state Druk Gyalpo (Dragon King).
		When Ugyen Wangchuck died in 1926, his son Jigme Wangchuck became the next ruler, and when India gained independence in 1947, the new Indian Government recognized Bhutan as an independent country.
	www.infotut.com /geography/Bhutan (590 words)

	Bhutan - HISTORY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Ugyen Wangchuck saw the opportunity to assist the British and in 1903-4 volunteered to accompany a British mission to Lhasa as a mediator.
		Ugyen Wangchuck died in 1926 and was succeeded by his son, Jigme Wangchuck (reigned 1926-52).
		Jigme Dorji Wangchuck ruled until his death in July 1972 and was succeeded by his seventeen-year-old son, Jigme Singye Wangchuck.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/bhutan/HISTORY.html (5026 words)

	Explore Bhutan >>> Yangphel Travel
		Under the leadership of Ugyen Wangchuck the country was to achieve internal unity and external recognition.
		Continued good relations were reflected in the strong friendship between Ugyen Wangchuck and John Claude White, the then political officer in Sikkim, a meeting in India with the Prince of Wales, the future George V, a high level British presence at the coronation of Ugyen Wangchuck and the 1910 Treaty of Punakha.
		Upon his death in 1972 Jigme Dorje Wangchuck was to bequeath the present King Jigme Singye Wangchuck a nation that had in a few years undergone a transformation in orientation, and was now negotiating the tricky path towards modernization.
	www.yangphel.com /learn/history/modernization.html (1170 words)

	The Living Edens: Bhutan - People Culture and History
		In 1906, Ugyen Dorje a longtime adviser to Ugyen Wangchuck, addressed a letter to the council of state.
		It was also the occasion on which the long standing friendship between Ugyen Dorji and Ugyen Wangchuck was formalised by the appointment of Dorji as chamberlain (a title which Wangchuck wished to be hereditary).
		Ugyen Wangchuck died in 1926 at the age of 64, and was replaced by his 22 year-old son the following year.
	www.pbs.org /edens/bhutan/Bhu_people2.htm (2078 words)

	Bhutan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1907, an epochal year for the country, Ugyen Wangchuck was unanimously chosen as the hereditary king of the country by an assembly of leading Buddhist monks, government officials, and heads of important families.
		In July 1972, Jigme Singye Wangchuck ascended to the throne at the age of 16 after the death of his father, Dorji Wangchuck.
		In 1998, King Jigme Singye Wangchuck introduced significant political reforms, transferring most of his powers to the Prime Minister and allowing for impeachment of the King by a two-thirds majority of the National Assembly.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bhutan (5006 words)

	History of Bhutan
		During the expedition of Younghusbend to Tibet, the Penlop of Tongsa, Ugyen Wangchuck, came out in its support and thus came closer to the British.
		Later Ugyen Wangchuck was appointed by civil and monastic representatives the hereditary monarch of Bhutan, with the title Druk Gyalpo, Precious Ruler of the Dragon People.
		Ugyen Wangchuck was succedded by his son Jigme Wangchuck in 1926 who ruled until his death in 1952.
	www.himalayan-adventure.com /bhutan/history.htm (581 words)

	Explore Bhutan >>> Yangphel Travel
		It was however left to his second son and heir apparent, Ugyen Wangchuck, to further consolidate his father's initiatives.
		Ugyen Wangchuck was now the undisputed leader within the system of government initiated by the Shabdrung.
		This suggestion was unanimously accepted and on 17th December 1907 Ugyen Wangchuck was crowned the First King of Bhutan, and the position was made hereditary.
	www.yangphel.com /learn/history/monarchy.html (1063 words)

	Comparative Criminology \| Asia - Bhutan
		After the death of the Dharma Raja, in 1903, Ugyen Wangchuck became the first hereditary Druk Gyalpo (King)in 1907, ending dual leadership in Bhutan.
		Ugyen Wangchuck was followed by three successive hereditary heirs, including the current monarch.
		While Nepali underground groups claimed the refugees were being expelled, the government of Bhutan argued that refugees were being incited to leave by these groups, and that these groups were trying to destabilize the country in order to gain greater power for the Nepali in Bhutan.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /faculty/rwinslow/asia_pacific/bhutan.html (3155 words)

	History of Bhutan - Keys to Bhutan
		The same period saw the powerful British seeking to incorporate Tibet within their sphere of influence-a development that possessed a threat to Bhutan but was overcome by the political acumen of Penlop Ugyen Wangchuck, a dynamic leader who successfully played the role of mediator between British India and Tibet.
		He was succeeded by Jigme Wangchuck, during whose reign (1926-52) the nation continued to enjoy peace and stability.
		The reign of the 3rd monarch King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck (1952-72) was marked by the progressive opening of the country to the outside world.
	www.keystobhutan.com /bhutan/bhutan_history_monarchy.php (528 words)

	WORLD ENCYCLOPAEDIA - Bhutan - GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		To secure the Wangchuck Dynasty, however, should the Druk Gyalpo be dethroned through a no-confidence vote, the Wangchuck family member next in line of succession would automatically take the throne.
		After his accession to the throne in 1972, the new Druk Gyalpo was assisted by his uncle, Dasho (Prince) Namgyal Wangchuck, and his elder sisters, Ashi Sonam Chhoden Wangchuck and Ashi Dechen Wangmo Wangchuck, who served in the ministries of finance and development as the Druk Gyalpo's representatives.
		In 1979 Jigme Singye Wangchuck privately married four sisters who were descendants of two of the shabdrung, the rulers of the old dual system of government.
	encyclopaedic.net /world/bhutan/45.php (809 words)

	Windows on Asia
		Ugyen accompanied the British expedition to Tibet as a mediator and was knighted by Britain for his services in securing the Anglo-Tibetan Convention of 1904.
		Ugyen’s emergence as the national leader of Bhutan thus spelled the end of the dual system of rule by incarnations of Ngawang.
		The close ties between the Dorji and Wangchuck families, strained under his father, were improved with the assistance of his mother, the sister of the Prime Minister.
	www.isp.msu.edu /asianStudies/wbwoa/southasia/Bhutan/history.html (3081 words)

	Chhotese Penlop Monarchy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		His Majesty Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan is the reigning monarch and head of Bhutanese Royal Family.
		He returned to the Ugyen Wangchuck Academy in Paro, Bhutan in 1970.
		HRH Dasho Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck is the Crown Prince.
	bhutanboy.com /projects/penlop/pages/monarchy.html (637 words)

	ABTO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The theocracy established by Shabdrung endured until 1907 when Ugyen Wangchuck was elected as the first hereditary king of Bhutan by popular consensus.
		Jigme Wangchuck succeeded him and ruled the country from 1926 to 1952.
		Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, also known as the father of Modern Bhutan, was king from 1952 to 1972.
	www.abto.org.bt /history.html (260 words)

	Bhutan, The mystical kingdom, Green Valley, Mt. Kula Kangri, Bhutan Nepal Tour, Thimpu Tour
		Ugyen Wangchuck, the pro-British governor, was able to unite the country after defeating all his opponents.
		In 1907 Ugyen Wangchuck became the first druk gyalpo of Bhutan and he ruled from 1907 to 1926.
		Jigme Wangchuck, Ugyen's son, ruled from 1926 to 1952 and was followed by Jigme Dorji Wangchuck who ruled from 1953 to 1972.
	www.himalayanasia.com /bhutan.htm (1142 words)

	Bhutan - Establishment of the Hereditary Monarchy, 1907 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Druk Gyalpo Jigme Singye Wangchuck, Bhutan's fourth hereditary monarch
		Ugyen Wangchuck was elected its first hereditary Druk Gyalpo (Dragon King, reigned 1907-26; see The Monarchy, this ch.).
		His request led to an investigation of the legal status of Bhutan vis-à-vis the suzerainty held over Bhutan by Britain and the ambiguity of Bhutan's relationship to India.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-1455.html (386 words)

	The Royal Family of Bhutan - Keys to Bhutan
		At the backdrop of widespread desire for political stability and peace, Ugyen Wangchuck with his political acumen further consolidated his power and after the battle of Changlimithang (Thimphu) in 1885 he emerged as an authority to reckon with.
		Ugen Wangchuck reigned until his death in 1926, and was succeeded by his son Jigme Wangchuck, who ruled the kingdom until 1952.
		In 1972, taking the reins from his father, King Jigme Singye Wangchuck became the youngest monarch in the world and continued the process of modernisation preserving the culture and traditions.
	www.keystobhutan.com /bhutan/bhutan_king_brief.php (333 words)

	ABTO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Thus, King Ugyen Wangchuck laid the foundation for the emergence of modern Bhutan, uniting it under a central authority.
		King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck also proposed a mechanism of no-confidence vote that could require the king to abdicate his throne if he was deemed unfit to rule the nation.
		Pertinently known as the farther of modern Bhutan, king Jigme Dorji Wangchuck was responsible for bringing planned development into the country with the introduction of Five-Year Plans, shedding off centuries old isolation and opening Bhutan up to the rest of the world.
	www.abto.org.bt /monarchy.html (1264 words)

	History of Bhutan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Their leader was Ugyen Wangchuck He became a mediator for the British and Tibet (the mediator being a position of great honor in Tibet and Bhutan), and he earned great respect at home in Bhutan.
		Ugyen Wangchuck also met with the Prince of Wales and the Viceroy, where along with giving traditional gold coins, was a letter with these famous words:
		The present ruler is Jigme Singye Wangchuck, who encourages his people with the right to bring their grievances forward.
	tps.dpi.state.nc.us /connectasia/bhutan/historybhutan.htm (666 words)

	Histoire du Bhoutan - Wikipédia
		En 1885 Ugyen Wangchuck, le penlop (gouverneur) de Trongsa, gagne le contrôle du pays et met un terme à la guerre civile avec l'aide des Britanniques (le penlop de Paro était allié aux Tibétains).
		Sous la direction du troisième roi, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, le Bhoutan adopte une politique d'ouverture sur le monde extérieur.
		Jigme Singye Wangchuck, l'actuel et quatrième roi, accède au trône en 1972 à l'âge de 17 ans après la mort de son père.
	fr.wikipedia.org /wiki/Histoire_du_Bhoutan (1105 words)

	ecotypes.com
		By establishing diplomatic ties with with Britain and then assisting with negotiations that resulted in a treaty between Tibet and Britain, Wangchuck was awarded the title of Knight Commander of the Indian Empire.
		After the death of Bhutan's desi in 1907, Ugyen Wangchuck was was unanimously elected by Bhutan's chiefs and principal lamas, as hereditary ruler of Bhutan.
		King Ugyen Wangchuck died in 1926, thus the hereditary throne passed to his son, Jigme Wangchuck, then aged 24.
	ecotypes.com /bhutan/history2.htm (360 words)

	The Coming Fall of the Wangchuck Despotic Dynasty
		When the last Shabdrung died in 1903, Ugyen Wangchuck artfully intrigued against oppositional Buddhist clergy to make sure that a Shabdrung reincarnation had not officially recognized.
		Finally, in 1907, the fifty-fourth and last druk desi (regent of Bhutan, also known as deb raja in Western sources) was forced to retire, and despite recognitions of subsequent reincarnations of Ngawang Namgyal, the Shabdrung system came to an end.
		In 1907, Ugyen Wangchuck had plotted against and successfully removed his chief rival, the ponlop, or governor, of Paro, and installed in his place a supporter and relative, a member of another pro-British family, namely Dorji.
	www.geocities.com /mahabala_awake/fall.html (999 words)

	Info Bhutan
		At the end of the 19th century, the Penlop (Governor) of Tongsa overcame the Penlop of Paro and was afterwards recognised as the overall leader of Bhutan.
		Ugyen Wangchuck was elected the first king of Bhutan in 1907 and ever since the monarchy has thrived and the present king is His Majesty King Jigme Singye Wangchuck.
		Both His Majesty King Ugyen Wangchuck and successor: King Jigme Wangchuck ruled the country from this Dzong.
	www.green-lotus-trekking.com /engels/bhutan/info-bhutan.html (3121 words)

	Serindia Publications
		Set in the remote and little-known Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan, this biography of Yab Ugyen Dorji as told to his daughter, Her Majesty the Queen Ashi Dorji Wangmo Wangchuck, provides a fascinating and vivid insight into life and times in that country during this century.
		Yab Ugyen's memoirs reveal the story of a remarkably close and loving family, brought to life through historical photographs of five generations of its members as well as contemporary photographs of those temples, houses and palaces associated with the family.
		Through the dramatic and gripping vicissitudes of his life and fortunes, beautifully narrated by his daughter, Yab Ugyen reveals a simple and inspiring philosophy of life that has enabled him to tide him over hard times and deepened his spiritual faith and belief in the invisible forces of karma.
	www.serindia.com /item.cfm/3 (256 words)

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