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Topic: Uighur alphabet

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Old Turkic alphabet

Mongolian script

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	Uyghur alphabets, pronunciation and language
		Uyghur was originally written with the Orkhon alphabet, a runiform script derived from or inspired by the Sogdian script, which was ultimately derived from the Aramaic script.
		Between the 8th and the 16th century, Uyghur was written with an alphabet derived from Sogdian known as Old Uyghur.
		Uyghur is the preferred spelling in the Latin alphabet: this was confirmed at a conference of the Ethnic Languages and Script Committe of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region held in October 2006.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/uyghur.htm (562 words)

	Wikipedia: Old Turkic alphabet
		The earliest known alphabet is Kokturk (or Kok Turki) alphabet developed by Kokturks (or Gokturks), Turkic tribespeople that had established a broad Central Asian empire, which reached to its zenith between the 6th to the 8th century AD.
		The second most significant alphabet after the decline of Kokturks belonged to their successors Uighurs and this alphabet was passed to the Mongols and the Manchus with small changes.
		As a matter of fact, this Uighur alphabet is derived from the Sogdian alphabet, which is descendant of Aramaic alphabet.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/o/ol/old_turkic_alphabet.html (253 words)

	Writing Mongol in Uighur Script
		Uighur Script, also known as Old Script, Mongol Script, Script Mongolian, or Classical Mongolian, is an alphabetic script written vertically from top to bottom with lines progressing from left to right.
		Uighur Script is so named for the Uighur tribe, conquered by the Mongols, from whom this writing system was adopted.
		This is a script alphabet, which means the pen should write a continuous line, for the most part, from the beginning to the end of the word.
	www.viahistoria.com /SilverHorde/research/UighurScript.html (3677 words)

	The Uighurs / Script
		Uighur interpreters, monks and officials knew that the literary and linguistic tradition, which ascended to the Runic obelisks on Orkhon river, was uninterrupted and continuous, irrespective of change of religion and customs, and this tradition was related to the creators of the first written texts who called their language Turkic.
		Uighur script was created on the basis of Sogdian cursive (italic) alphabet not later than the beginning of the 1st millennium.
		Nowadays, the Uighur people who has created numerous invaluable monuments in literature and arts, who has influenced the development and evolution of other people and played an important role in the politics of the region, is being annihilated by the Chinese government policies.
	the_uighurs.tripod.com /Scrpt.htm (2015 words)

	Literary Language and Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The alphabet that was similar to the Gokturk letters in respect of characters (runic) was the ancient German "runes".
		According to its traces and documents in various regions, it seems that the Orhun alphabet had diffused from the Central Asia towards the neighbouring regions and gained a character of a common alphabet that was used within the region that extended from the Far East towards the Central Europe.
		Similarly, the official letters in the period of Timur State, and the "yarlıg" documents in the period of the Golden Horde State were written with the Uighur alphabet that was the common alphabet used in the Central Asia.
	www.ozturkler.com /data_english/0001/0001_17_53.htm (951 words)

	The Uighurs / Script (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Uighur interpreters, monks and officials knew that the literary and linguistic tradition, which ascended to the Runic obelisks on Orkhon river, was uninterrupted and continuous, irrespective of change of religion and customs, and this tradition was related to the creators of the first written texts who called their language Turkic.
		Uighur script was created on the basis of Sogdian cursive (italic) alphabet not later than the beginning of the 1st millennium.
		Nowadays, the Uighur people who has created numerous invaluable monuments in literature and arts, who has influenced the development and evolution of other people and played an important role in the politics of the region, is being annihilated by the Chinese government policies.
	the_uighurs.hostonfly.ru /Scrpt.htm (2015 words)

	Ancient Scripts: Uighur
		The Uighur alphabet was derived from the cursive Sogdian script, which ultimately traces back to Aramaic.
		However, unlike Sogdian and Aramaic, the Uighur script is written from top to bottom and in columns going from left to right, like Aramaic turned 90 degrees counterclockwise.
		The Uighur alphabet was adopted to write Mongolian in 12th century CE.
	www.ancientscripts.com /uighur.html (136 words)

	PHAGS-PA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Mongols adopted it from Uighur Turks and Uighurs from Sogdians.
		Uighur Script, also known as Old Script, Mongol Script, Script Mongolian, or Classical Mongolian, is an alphabetic script written vertically from top to bottom with lines progressing from left to right (All other vertical writing systems are written from right to left.).
		This alphabet is reasonably accurate with respect to the representation of consonants, but fails to distinguish several vowels.
	mehmeteti.150m.com /ilkhanids/hpags-pa.htm (1004 words)

	Culture Mongolia - Scripts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The classical Mongolian script is believed to have originated in the 9th or 10th centuries on the basis of the Uighur alphabet, but did not become the official system of writing until the 12th century.
		A decree that all official orders must be issued using this alphabet was applied to temples and monasteries in 1270 and to the government in 1273.
		This alphabet addressed the problem of one letter in the Mongolian script representing two or more possible sounds; its purpose was to bring closer together the spoken and written Mongolian languages, which had become considerably dissimilar after several centuries of stagnation of the written alphabet.
	www.culture.mn /mongolia.php?recordID=scripts (491 words)

	Other Religions
		However, in the period of Uighur people, Manichaeism was adopted among the Turks and it became established in the period of the Uighur people that established dominion in Turkestan.
		Gokturk alphabet was changed, and the Uighur script was used that had the Sogd origin and entirely different characteristics.
		The most significant books include the work titled as Huastuanift written in the Uighur alphabet and the translated version of Hiuen-Tsang that was titled as Altin Yaruk (=Altın Işık= Golden Light) translated into Uighur language by the translator, Beşbalıklı Turk Singku Seli Tutung (in the first quarter of the 10th century).
	www.ozturkler.com /data_english/0001/0001_17_27.htm (428 words)

	Alphabet cursive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		So, whether you are interested in discovering knowledge for online graffitti alphabet or information about celtic knotwork alphabet, we provide a way to discover the authentic data that is useful to you.
		With more and more research for alphabet castle citv being released online every day, the internet is getting tougher for professionals to use.
		There is so much right resource about alphabet courses out there that chasing them down is like finding a needle in the haystack.
	www.best-alphabet.info /alphabet-cursive.html (636 words)

	Abecedaria: Genghis Khan
		With only their Mongol-Uighur alphabet, the Mongols found it difficult to record all the administrative information they needed from their vast empire.
		He sought to create a single alphabet that could be used to write all the languages of the world.
		I guess it is tempting to jump from a "unified script" devised for use as "a kind of orthographic Esperanto" (Robert Ramsey, "The Languages of China" p.211) to "a single alphabet that could be used to write all the languages of the world".
	abecedaria.blogspot.com /2005/09/genghis-khan.html (1200 words)

	Re: uighur-l Romanized Uyghur Script (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In early 80's, as China was attempting to join the world after decades of self isolation, it implemented a brief period of relative liberal policy towards minorities.
		Uyghur intellectuals, most of whom were educated in the old script, took avantage of that policy and reintroduced the Arabic alphabet.
		It is not the alphabet which binds us, it is our identity, and that is what is at stake here.
	www.mail-archive.com /uighur-l@taklamakan.org/msg01373.html (735 words)

	Uygur (Uighur)Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Uighur alphabet was originally derived from the Aramic/Arabic alphabet but was changed in 1969 to an alphabet introduced by the Chinese Government called the "Uighur New Alphabet" or Uighur Latin Alphabet.
		Before that time, while Uighurs who were followers of Islam used the Arabic alphabet for their own language, the remainder of non-Muslim Uighurs continued to use the old Uighur script.
		In November of 1959 a draft proposal for a new Uighur script was adopted by the National Linguistic and Orthographic Conference of the Uighur Autonomous Region and was approved by the People's Committee of the Uighur Autonomous Region and in turn by the Central Committee for Nationality Affairs in Peking.
	www.uygurworld.com /_sgt/m4_1.htm (1136 words)

	The Ultimate Orkhon script - American History Information Guide and Reference
		The Orkhon Script is an alphabet developed by the Gokturks, a Turkic tribespeople, to write the Uighur language from about 715 AD to about 800 AD, when it was replaced by the Uighur Alphabet.
		It is the earliest known alphabet developed by Turkic peoples living in Central Asia.
		The Orkhon Script goes by many names: the Orkhon (Kokturk, Kok Turki, Gokturk, Gök-Turk or Kök-Turk) Alphabet, and because of its superficial resemblance to the Runic alphabets of the Germanic-speaking peoples of Europe, it is sometimes called Orkhon runes or Turkic runes, or is described as runiform to gesture at the similarity.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Orkhon_script (218 words)

	(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Uighur language is a Turkic dialect spoken by over 10 million Uighur people in Central Asia including 9 million in the Uighur Autonomous Region of China.
		The current Uighur alphabet is derived from Arabic that was introduced during the Chaghatay Empire when Uighurs were converted to Islam.
		Ancient Greek, Iranian, and Chinese sources placed Uighurs with their tribes, and sub-tribes in the vast area between the west banks of the Yellow River in the east, Uighur region in the west, and in the Mongolian steppe in the northeast as early as 300 B.C. Instrument maker
	www.wiu.edu /users/mua/culture.htm (147 words)

	JAARS Museum of the Alphabet
		The Mongolian alphabet is a central Asian derivative of the Aramaic alphabet with influences from Indic-Tibetan.
		However, the Russian Cyrillic script was decreed the official alphabet of the former in 1950 and is used to teach reading and writing in the latter.
		The Mongolian alphabet was the work of three Tibetan lamas: Sa Skya, Phags-Pa, and Tsordji-Osir.
	www.jaars.org /museum/alphabet/galleries/mongolian.htm (171 words)

	OHCHR: Uighur (Uyghur) - Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Uighur language belongs to the Turkic group of the Altaic language family.
		Uighur is very similar to other Turkic languages such as Turkish, Azeri, Kyrgyz, Kazakh, Turkmen, and in particular, Uzbek.
		Arabic script had been used since Uighurs converted to Islam in 10th century A.D. until the Chinese government introduced a new Uighur alphabet based on the Roman alphabet in 1969.
	www.unhchr.ch /udhr/lang/uig.htm (152 words)

	Orkhon alphabet
		Because of a superficial resemblance to the Runic alphabet, the alphabet is also known as Orkhon or Turkic runes.
		The Orkhon alphabet is thought to have been derived from or inspired by a non-cursive version of the Sogdian script.
		By the 9th century AD, the Orkhon and Yenisei alphabets were replaced by the Uighur alphabet, which developed from the cursive version of the Sogdian script.
	omniglot.com /writing/orkhon.htm (303 words)

	Asia Finest Discussion Forum > Poverty
		During this time, the Uighur and other Turkic peoples in what is today Mongolia, alone among all of the nomads of the steppes, developed an alphabetic writing system known as the Orkhon or Orkhon-Yenisei script.
		The main religion among the Uighurs (as among all of the Turkic minorities of China) is Islam.
		Today the Uighur are the largest minority in northern China, and ethnic tension between them and the Chinese is a perennial problem for the Chinese government in Beijing.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/lofiversion/index.php/t6046-50.html (1266 words)

	Writing Mongolian
		The first script used by the Mongols to write their language was the beautiful Uighur (Classical Mongolian) script that originated with China's Uighur, who brought it from the Middle East.
		The 26 characters of the Uighur alphabet, based on an Aramaic alphabet originally taken from a northern Semitic alphabet, are used to write words vertically from top to bottom and from left to right across the page.
		Mongolian can be transliterated using the Roman alphabet, but Cyrillic gives a much better representation of Mongolian sounds than the paltry 26 of the Roman alphabet.
	www.koreanhistoryproject.org /Jta/Mo/MoLAN1.htm (869 words)

	TURKISH CULTURE AND ETHNOGRAPHY
		Even though the Uighur Turks invented the Uighur alphabet, they passed the the Arabic alphabet after the adoption of muslim religion.
		The new Republic of Turkey adopted the Latin alphabet used today on November 1, 1928 under the leadership of Ataturk.
		The geography of Turkey lying upon Anatolia, the land of gods, goddesses, faiths, cultures and civilizations, is culturally diversified also as parallel with the climatic conditions.
	www.cheaptravelturkey.com /turkish-culture-and-ethnography.htm (477 words)

	Writing Mongolian
		The first script used by the Mongols to write their language was the beautiful Uighur (Classical Mongolian) script that originated with China's Uighur, who brought it from the Middle East.
		The 26 characters of the Uighur alphabet, based on an Aramaic alphabet originally taken from a northern Semitic alphabet, are used to write words vertically from top to bottom and from left to right across the page.
		Mongolian can be transliterated using the Roman alphabet, but Cyrillic gives a much better representation of Mongolian sounds than the paltry 26 of the Roman alphabet.
	koreanhistoryproject.org /Jta/Mo/MoLAN1.htm (869 words)

	freedom > Uighur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Uighur Empire according to the T'ang Dynastic Histories: a study in Sino-Uyghur relations 744â“840.
		Alphabet, phrases, texts and recordings, prepared by Tughluk and Clara Abdurazak.
		The Uighur alphabet was derived from the cursive Sogdian script, which ultimately traces back to Aramaic.
	libertysurf.se /Uighur.php3 (142 words)

	Uighur alphabet - TheBestLinks.com - Arabic alphabet, Cyrillic alphabet, Central Asia, Latin alphabet, ...
		Uighur alphabet - TheBestLinks.com - Arabic alphabet, Cyrillic alphabet, Central Asia, Latin alphabet,...
		Uighur alphabet, Arabic alphabet, Cyrillic alphabet, Central Asia, Latin...
		You can add this article to your own "watchlist" and receive e-mail notification about all changes in this page.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Uighur_alphabet.html (141 words)

	Orkhon script - China-related Topics OQ-OT - China-Related Topics
		The Orkhon Script is an alphabet developed by the GokturksGokturks, a Turkic tribespeople, to write the Uighur language from about 715 AD to about 800 AD, when it was replaced by the Uighur Alphabet.
		Orkhon inscriptionsInscriptions written in this alphabet have been found in the Orhon River valley in the Orhon aymagOrhon province of Mongolia.
		The Orkhon Script goes by many names: the Orkhon (Kokturk, Kok Turki, Gokturk, G?k-Turk or K?k-Turk) Alphabet, and because of its superficial resemblance to the RunesRunic alphabets of the Germanic languagesGermanic-speaking peoples of Europe, it is sometimes called Orkhon runes or Turkic runes, or is described as runiform to gesture at the similarity.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Orkhon_script (296 words)

	Chinese Alphabet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		From Acrobats to Zodiac, this is a book that uses the alphabet to introduce many different aspects of Chinese New Year to preK-K-aged kids (though my 8-year-old liked this one, too).
		The "Chinese alphabet": Four thousand most frequent characters, according to their frequency.
		The Chinese alphabet: Being four thousand most frequent characters in four series of one thousand characters each, and subdivided into nine classes according to frequency
	goldset.hf4l.com /?p=chinese+alphabet&nm=2 (2031 words)

	UighurLanguage.com
		This chart compares Uighur "yeni-yezik" (latin alphabet) with "kona-yezik" (arabic alphabet).
		The following is a comparison of the Uighur Alphabet with the English (Latin) Alphabet.
		Click here to hear the pronunciation of the Uighur alphabet, read top to bottom, right to left (note that there are two sections - one following the other).
	www.uighurlanguage.com /logs/2005/01/alphabet_chart.php (210 words)

	What's the earliest recorded civilization? - TheologyWeb Campus
		I believe that I read of Genghiz Khan requiring the creation of a Mongolian script, based on the Uighur alphabet.
		I don't know about the earliest Uighur writings, but the presence of several alphabets in the area (Syriac, Pahlavi, Manichean) and the resemblance between the Uighur alphabet and the Syriac Estrangelo alphabet suggest an adaptation.
		Alphabets do not appear to be a natural development, as while writing systems developed separately in various areas of the world, only those centering on the Middle East, the Mediterranean, or Iran in their earliest forms, are alphabetic.
	www.theologyweb.com /campus/showthread.php?p=1143951 (475 words)

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