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Topic: Uighur language

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	The Uighurs / History
		Uighur culture of Eastern Turkestan (the 10-14th centuries) is a continuation of two traditions: the local Buddhist tradition of Indo-European population in towns-states; and Uighur tradition of Orkhon period.
		Since the Uighurs of Qashqar region replaced Manicheism with Buddhism and the written languages of the newly come and local Uighurs were similar, the perception of elements of Tokhar and Samanid and earlier Ghandhar population was not an obstacle for the newly come Uighurs.
		The epoch of the Uighur Kingdom Kocho in the east and the Qarakhanid khanate in the west of Qashqar region appeared to be the Golden Age for the Buddhist culture of the Uighurs and for Muslim culture of the related Turks in towns of Qashqar, Yarkend, Khotan, Qouchar and Aqsu.
	the_uighurs.tripod.com /hist.htm (3727 words)

	Uyghur language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Like the Uzbek language, the Uyghur language is descended from Chagatay Turkic common to Central Asian regions under the Chagatay and Timurid dyansties between 13 and 19th centuries.
		The Uyghurs are one of the 56 official nationalities in China, and Uyghur is an official language of Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region.
		The dialects of Uyghur identified by the Ethnologue are Central Uyghur, Hotan (Hetian), and Lop (Luobu).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Uyghur_language (1083 words)

	Uzbek language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Uzbek belongs to the Qarluq family of Turkic languages, and consequently its lexicon and grammar are most closely linked to the Uighur language, while other influences rose from Persian, Arabic and Russian.
		The Chagatai language championed by Mir Ali-Sher Nawa'i in the 15th and 16th centuries is widely held to be the ancestor of modern literary Uzbek.
		The standard written language that was chosen for the new republic in 1924, however, despite the protests of Uzbek Bolsheviks such as Faizullah Khojaev, was not pre-revolutionary "Uzbek" but the "Sart" language of the Samarkand region.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Uzbek_language (858 words)

	Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Many Uighur activists who were outspoken in their criticisms of the Uzbek government’s policy were flmailed and received numerous threat phone calls in order for them to keep quite.
		Any voice of criticism of the Uighur activists is still being brutality silenced and the Uzbekistan government went so far in equalizing the movement for self-determination of Uighurs as the “ethnic extremism” and used the cloak of the international fight against the terrorism to justify its own oppression against Uighur community of Uzbekistan.
		We, as the community of Uighur people in Uzbekistan, are deeply concerned with the latest developments and urge Western democracies to pay more attention to the Human Rights Violations in Uzbekistan in general and to the case of the Uighur minority in specific.
	www.uighurindependence.com (1148 words)

	FANTASIA -> Uzbekistan -> Culture -> Uzbek language profile
		The Turkic languages, and the Mongolian-Tungus (Manchu-Tungusic) languages of Siberia and northeastern China are major divisions of the Altaic family or phylum.
		Unlike other Turkic languages, it has a very reduced form of vowel harmony (whereby the vowels of suffixes must harmonize with the vowels of noun and verb stems; thus, for example, if the stem has a round vowel then the vowel of the suffix must also be round, and so on).
		Uzbek language was declared the official language of Uzbekistan in October 1989.
	www.fantasticasia.net /?p=342 (570 words)

	uighur-l RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IS AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT IN CONFLICT PR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Uighurs intensified their struggle for self-determination, after the Chinese policies of political oppression, cultural assimilation, economic exploitation, ecological destruction, racial discrimination, arbitrary arrest, torture and executions had become unbearable in recent years.
		Moreover, population transfer, coercive birth control policies among Uighur women, and the systematic sinozation of the Uighur literary language are threatening the very existence of the Uighurs.
		By pursuing this policy, the Chinese Communist authorities are not only depriving the Uighurs to their right to self-determination, but also violating the universally accepted rule of international law which prohibits the transfer of citizens to and from occupied territories.
	www.mail-archive.com /uighur-l@taklamakan.org/msg04113.html (3007 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Uighur literary language flourished in the 9th-14th century, and the Qarakhanid literary language came into existence in the 11th century.
		Its antecedent is the Ottoman Turkish language, which developed from the Old Anatolian Turkish literary language (13th-15th century) of the Seljuq Turks, the first Turkish conquerors of Anatolia (11th century).
		One notable characteristic of the Turkic languages is vowel harmony.
	www.sabawoon.com /afghanpedia/Languages.Turkic.shtm (614 words)

	The Coming Chinese Jihad
		The Uighurs (pronounced "Weeghers") are a Turkic people in the region of northwestern China that Beijing calls Xinjiang and the Uighurs call Eastern Turkestan.
		Some Uighurs were trained by the Chinese, in tandem with the Pakistanis, to fight the Russians in Afghanistan.
		A Uighur organization, the East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM), was declared a terrorist group by the State Department in 2002 at the insistence of the Chinese, who alleged it had ties to al-Qaeda.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/Printable.asp?ID=13804 (1121 words)

	The Uighurs / Script
		Uighur interpreters, monks and officials knew that the literary and linguistic tradition, which ascended to the Runic obelisks on Orkhon river, was uninterrupted and continuous, irrespective of change of religion and customs, and this tradition was related to the creators of the first written texts who called their language Turkic.
		Uighur script was created on the basis of Sogdian cursive (italic) alphabet not later than the beginning of the 1st millennium.
		Nowadays, the Uighur people who has created numerous invaluable monuments in literature and arts, who has influenced the development and evolution of other people and played an important role in the politics of the region, is being annihilated by the Chinese government policies.
	the_uighurs.tripod.com /Scrpt.htm (2015 words)

	[No title]
		Amharic: One of the languages spoken in Ethiopia.
		Maguindanao One of the languages spoken in the Phillipines.
		For each language CRL is developing a monolingual text corpus of 250,000 words, a parallel bilingual text corpus of 250,000 words, and a bilingual lexicon of 10,000 headwords.
	crl.nmsu.edu /say (168 words)

	Uighur minority demands more political rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Uighurs are a Turkic, Sunni Muslim people, with close cultural and linguistic ties to other ethnic groups in Central Asia, including Kyrgyz, Kazakhs, Uzbeks and Turkmen.
		Although Uighurs have been living in the country for centuries, there are no official statistics regarding their number in the former Soviet republic.
		Uighur classes are taught in Kim Pen Hva village, 50 km from Tashkent.
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=44554 (872 words)

	FRONTLINE/WORLD . China - Silenced . Facts and Stats \| PBS
		Uighurs are one of 55 nationally designated minorities in China.
		However, the Uighurs have not been the beneficiaries of this development -- the vast majority of Uighurs continue to live in poverty, and they reside in rural areas, far from the urban centers of prosperity.
		Uighur separatists have clamored for independence from Beijing since the beginning of Communist rule.
	www.pbs.org /frontlineworld/stories/china401/facts.html (1122 words)

	ISN Security Watch - Kyrgyzstan persecutes Uighurs to appease China
		The Uighurs - originally from the neighboring province of Xinjiang in China - fear they are being victimized because the Kyrgyz authorities want to curry favor with China, and are exploiting the international war on terrorism to do so.
		Many feel that whenever a crime is committed in Kyrgyzstan and an Uighur is found to be involved, the government and the state-controlled media deliberately ascribe it to the Islamic militant and separatist movement operating across the border in China.
		The Kyrgyz president's security adviser, Bolot Januzakov, denied that Uighurs have been singled out as a group, "Kyrgyzstan is home to many ethnic groups and we treat all of them equally." Some say that blaming the Uighurs is a deliberate policy designed to appease Kyrgyzstan's giant neighbor to the east.
	www.isn.ethz.ch /news/sw/details.cfm?ID=7164 (962 words)

	CECC 2002 Annual Report: Xinjiang-Uighurs Section
		Also in May, officials reportedly ordered Xinjiang University, the largest in the region, to cease all instruction in the Uighur language.(204) Nearly half of the 32,000 students are from ethnic minority groups, mainly Uighur,(205) making this ban a threat to Uighur linguistic preservation and Uighur identity.
		Uighur separatist activity, both non-violent and violent, occurred long before September 11, 2001, and Chinese government campaigns to suppress separatist actions and religious extremism have been in full effect for years.
		Kadeer is a prominent Uighur businesswoman who was active in organizing grassroots campaigns to address Uighurs' social concerns.(213) She is also a former member of the provincial-level Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and was a Chinese government-appointed delegate to the 1995 United Nations World Conference on Women in Beijing.
	www.cecc.gov /pages/virtualAcad/uighur/xinannrept02.php (1378 words)

	United States Commission on International Religious Freedom: USCIRF Events: 2001 Testimony: Congressional Human Rights ...
		Uighur government employees, teachers, and students are not allowed to observe the daily act of praying five times.
		Uighurs are also prohibited from congregating in large numbers, including gathering family members to observe traditional religious holidays.
		Uighur Muslims appear to be the only Chinese citizens who are subject to capital punishment for political crimes.
	www.uscirf.gov /events/cong_testimony/2001/may/05152001_China.html (2427 words)

	FRONTLINE/WORLD . React . Current Conversations . China \| PBS
		China is subtly attempting to assimilate Uighurs into its own culture (by not allowing the Uighur language to be taught in schools, for example).
		Uighur groups are urging concerned people to contact the Chinese embassy in Washington, or the Chinese consulate in their city, to request information about Mr.
		Uighurs living in America carried a heavy psychological burden in their life by hearing their relatives, their freinds or a story like this.
	www.pbs.org /frontlineworld/react/china401/react.html (5661 words)

	Dept. of Turkish Language and Literature - Course Description
		It aims at going a brief explanation of structure of Turkish Language defining the languages and dialects in the Turkish Language family, providing some information about the territories where these languages and dialects are spoken and about the people who speak them: discussing the classification attempts of Turkish languages and dialects.
		The main topics are; 'language and communication', ' oral language - written language, standard language - dialect'; common mistakes about spelling and pronunciation; classify in references; conjunctions and their semantic significance; selecting and limiting a topic and issues related to purpose, content and text formation.
		TURK 312 Turkic Languages and Dialects II The course has a detailed study of one of the languages (Uzbek language, Uighur language, Tatar dialect, Cassak language, or Kirghiz language) which are not in the group of Oğuz languages.
	www.emu.edu.tr /english/academics/facultiesdepartments/artsscience/turlanguageliterature/coursedescription.htm (1589 words)

	Uygur (Uighur)Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The language is spoken in China (Xinjiang primarily) Afghanistan, Kazakhstan and Mongolia.
		The Uygur language sounds very much like Turkish or Arabic and most of the Uyghur alphabet can be found in the English language save for "gh" which is pronounced with a guttural "r" from the back of the throat and "kh" with a burst of breath with a "k" sound.
		In November of 1959 a draft proposal for a new Uighur script was adopted by the National Linguistic and Orthographic Conference of the Uighur Autonomous Region and was approved by the People's Committee of the Uighur Autonomous Region and in turn by the Central Committee for Nationality Affairs in Peking.
	www.uygurworld.com /_sgt/m4_1.htm (1136 words)

	An Important Old Turki Manuscript in the John Rylands Library. By Alphonse Mingana, D.D.
		This language roused even greater interest among classic Persians, and few indeed are the books written in it which are not represented in the language of Sa'di.
		Of the old Uighur language of the semi-Mongols who inhabited the South-western parts of Manchuria, little is known, owing to the scarcity of inscriptions and of historical and literary compositions referring with certainty to Eastern Mongolia.
		Of the language itself, of the conqueror; not many literary compositions are known to-day, and it is by the language of the conquered nations that their own history is to be sketched in its most striking lines.
	www.bible.ca /islam/library/Mingana/Turki/index.htm (2973 words)

	(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Uighur language is a Turkic dialect spoken by over 10 million Uighur people in Central Asia including 9 million in the Uighur Autonomous Region of China.
		The current Uighur alphabet is derived from Arabic that was introduced during the Chaghatay Empire when Uighurs were converted to Islam.
		Ancient Greek, Iranian, and Chinese sources placed Uighurs with their tribes, and sub-tribes in the vast area between the west banks of the Yellow River in the east, Uighur region in the west, and in the Mongolian steppe in the northeast as early as 300 B.C. Instrument maker
	www.wiu.edu /users/mua/culture.htm (147 words)

	The Jamestown Foundation
		A conflict with a lengthy and violent past, Manchurian-Chinese forces finally broke the resistance of the Uighur army in 1759, capturing territories which are referred to as Xinjiang, (literally 'new frontier' in Chinese).
		The Uighur language is so closely related to Uzbek that local people understand the latter very well.
		Uighurs also tend to be far more zealous Muslims than their Central Asian neighbors.
	www.jamestown.org /publications_details.php?volume_id=395&issue_id=2935&article_id=236612 (1440 words)

	the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region
		Rebiya Kadeer, a prominent Uighur businessperson, was arrested and subsequently charged with disclosing state secrets in the Xinjiang capital Urumqi in August after trying to meet with a group of visiting Americans.
		Drawing from the Turkic roots of the Uighur language and from Islam, Uighur national identity has always developed independently of the Chinese empire and has culminated in a strong tradition of revolt against foreign domination.
		A strong Uighur community, which primarily aspired to forestall total assimilation and preserve Uighur national and cultural identity, formed in the Central Asian republics of the Soviet Union.
	www.fsa.ulaval.ca /personnel/vernag/EH/F/cause/lectures/Chine_Uighurie.htm (1549 words)

	Uighur Post: EDITORIAL: Uighur terrorism in Pakistan
		Uighur terrorists, trained in Pakistani camps, had been found attacking as far inland in Sinkiang as Urumchi.
		If the Uighur terrorists are a part of the Talibanisation sweep, and it seems they are in the NWFP and FATA, then the issue is more complicated than it seems.
		The opinions exspressed in Uighur Post are not necessarily by the posters of Uighur Post nor do they necessarily reflect the opinions of Uighur Post.
	uighurpost.blogspot.com /2006/06/editorial-uighur-terrorism-in-pakistan.html (762 words)

	[No title]
		Teklimakan, original name of the China’s largest desert in Uighur, where the Desert is located in the heart of the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, caused numerous disputes about its original implication.
		After a thorough phonetic study into the Uighur dialect, Qian, a historian, said "Taklimakan" actually means "land of poplars" because "Takli" is the derivative of the Turkish word "Tohlak" or "Tohrak", meaning "poplar".
		It is believed, it is belief in Uighur that is the legend and it’s the mirage but it not the academic research.
	www.meshrep.com /Article/hugemistake.html (1185 words)

	Sorting It All Out : Uighur or Uyghur?
		Now if you look at the language and its Turkic roots (or maybe more accurately branches), the Uyghur/Uygur spelling is more satisfying in Turkish, from the standpoint of both orthography and phonology (not to mention avoiding the violation of Turkish vowel harmony that Uighur/Uigur would be guilty of).
		Uighur is a wrong word, we have another latinic alphabet which we use it where nessesary (e.g.
		Given that most of the Turkic languages and peoples are not that well known to most English speakers, it strikes me as only natural that, at least in some cases, there may be in time a trend away from the more traditional spellings to ones that more closely resemble their actual native pronunciations.
	blogs.msdn.com /michkap/archive/2006/07/15/666779.aspx (2753 words)

	Musing Under The Tenement Palm » Blog Archive » XJ Media: IRIN on Uighurs in Uzbekistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The surprising thing here is that most Uighurs in Xinjiang see Uzbekistan as their, well, for lack of a better term, sisterland.
		The Uzbek language and Uighur language are, after all, overall mutually comprehensible.
		But on the other hand, for a Uighur to fall into speaking Uzbek, a very close language cousin, is not the same as a Xinjiang Uighur Min Kao Han (schooled in Chinese) who finds his ancestral tongue to be gibberish.
	silkworms.chinesetriad.org /index.php?p=110 (1168 words)

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