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	Emqek Raki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Uigur khagan, called Mo-yen-cho by the Chinese, or Ko-lo khagan (745-759), readily welcomed the request of the emporor Su-tsung, and in return was granted the hand of a Chinese princess in marriage.
		The Uigur khagan's prolinged stay in Loyang had important conse-quences in the spiritual sphere, for it was there that he became acquainted with Manichaean missionaries-no doubt of Sogdian origin-whom he took back with him to Mongolia and by whom he was converted to Manichaeism.
		This ancient Persian religion, born of a curious Mazdeo-Christian syncretism and persecuted both in Iraq and Iran by the Arabs, was thus the benificiary of an unexpected stroke of luck: the conversion to its doctrine of the Uigur empire, then at the height of its power as lord of Mongolia and the ally of China.
	www.meshrep.com /Uighur_Empire.html (665 words)

	Uigur language resources
		Uigur is spoken in western China and in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
		Serbo-Croatian, Somali, Swahili, Tajik, Tamil, Tigrinya, Turkish, Turkmen, Uigur, Urdu, Uzbek, and Vietnamese.
		Pashto, Serbo-Croatian, Somali, Swahili, Tajik, Tamil, Tigrinya, Turkish, Turkmen, Uigur, Urdu, Uzbek, and Vietnamese.
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Uigur.html (1208 words)

	Uigur
		There are about 5 million speakers of Uigur, a language belonging to the Turkic branch of the Altaic family; it is the official language of the province.
		The Uigur Empire was destroyed by the Kirgiz in 840, after which it split into two kingdoms, one in Kansu and the other in Bishbalik and Karakhoja.
		The Uigur converted to Islam in the 14th century, although shamanism is still practised.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0032231.html (323 words)

	UIGURS. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In 744 the Uigurs seized control of Mongolia and established their capital on the Orkhon River, near the site of later Karakorum.
		Ousted (840) from Mongolia by the Kyrgyz, they moved to Turpan, in Xinjiang, China, where they founded an empire that lasted until the Mongol onslaught of the 13th cent.
		Unlike other peoples of central Asia, the Uigurs were not exclusively nomadic but practiced some agriculture and trade.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/ui/Uigurs.html (196 words)

	Uigur Materiale di riferimento, Uigur Sistemi, Uigur Software - Mac, Uigur Tipi Di Carattere,
		Uigur is spoken principally in China and to a lesser extent in the Soviet Union.
		Uigur is a Turkic language and thus of the Altaic family.
		In the 13th century the Mongols adopted the Uigur script for writing their own language, and in turn passed it on to the Manchus, who were to rule China for over 250 years.
	www.worldlanguage.com /Italian/Languages/Uigur.htm (394 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Manichaean Uigurs who emigrated to the west banks of the Yellow river in Kansu established a kingdom in 850 known as the Kan-Chou Uigur Kingdom, later absorbed in 1228 by the Tankut state Western Hsia.
		The Manichaean Uigurs who emigrated to the northern part of Khan Tengri in Eastern Turkestan established the second Uigur Kingdom in 846 known as Karakhoja Uigur Kingdom near the present day city of Turfan.
		The Manichaean Uigurs who settled in the southern part of Khan Tengri, established the Karakhanid Kingdom in 840 AD with the support of other Türks, the Karluks, Turgishes and Basmils, with Kashgar as their capital.
	www.angelfire.com /vt/OkarResearch/uighur.html (3315 words)

	Uigurs - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		UIGURS [Uigurs] Uighurs, or Uygurs, Turkic-speaking people of Asia who live mainly in W China.
		Today half of the population of Xinjiang (reorganized as the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 1955) is of Uigur descent; there they number about 8 million.
		Funeral practices and animal sacrifices in Mongolia at the Uigur period: archaeological and ethno-historical study of a 'kurgan' in the Egyin Gol valley (Baikal region).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-uigurs.html (378 words)

	Lengua Uigur
		Uigur amarillo, término global para cuatro grupos lingüísticos en Gansu, China, de los cuales sólo uno habla una lengua túrcica, los otros tres hablan mongol, chino y tibetano.
		Pero los uigur están asociados con la escritura porque crearon una literatura, obras maniqueas, nestorianas y budistas, así como tratados sobre astrología y poesía, y porque fueron el instrumento por medio del cual la escritura pasó a otros pueblos, el más importante de ellos los mongoles.
		En 1921 los uigur que vivían en el Turquestán ruso fueron obligados a usar el alfabeto cirílico, aunque los uigur de China continuaron escribiendo en árabe, salvo un corto periodo en 1975 cuando el gobierno chino experimentó con el uso de la romanización.
	www.proel.org /mundo/uigur.htm (1262 words)

	The U of MT -- Mansfield Library LangFing Altaic
		The original Mongolian alphabet was adapted from that of the Uigur people in the 13th century; it was modified from the Nestorian Syriac script by a lama named Saja Pandita at the request of Kublai Khan.
		Uigur script was written in vertical columns, read from left to right (unlike other languages written vertically).
		The Mongols conquered and dissolved the Uigur kingdom.
	www.lib.umt.edu /guide/lang/altaiclh.htm (2024 words)

	China continues executions of Uigur Muslims, (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Although the men were executed on July 6, the first and only report on these judicial murders reached Beijing six days later, when an Urumqi newspaper surfaced there— an indication of the extent of the news fl-out and political control of the rebellious region.
		According to the Xinjiang newspaper, the three ‘terrorists’ were from the Uigur ethnic group and were founding members of a group called Hizbullah, founded in May 1997.
		Thousands of Uigurs have been detained and more than 200 executed in the last three years — and those are only the cases that the Chinese authorities are prepared to acknowledge publicly.
	www.muslimedia.com /ARCHIVES/world00/uigur-kill.htm (586 words)

	CHINESE TORTURE FOR UIGUR TURKS / Diplomatic Observer (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In addition, all means of correspondence of Uigur Turks’, including internet use, are controlled by the Beijing administration just in case Uigur Turks pass on their problems to the international circles.
		Uigurs are not allowed to be employed in state offices and strategic posts, either.
		Uigurs are a society that is respectful for China’s sovereignty, that’s for real.
	www.diplomaticobserver.com.cob-web.org:8888 /news_read.asp?id=1364 (1493 words)

	IDP Newsletter Issue No. 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Most of them are written in the Uigur script, which was developed from Sogdian, although some fragments are in Sogdian script.
		The Buddhist texts are mostly written in Uigur script, with a small number in Tibetan or Brâhmî script.
		While the study of these economic texts is of a great importance for the history of the Uigur kingdoms, research poses great difficulties because of the cursive script and the very fragmentary nature of these texts.
	idp.bl.uk /archives/news03/idpnews_03.a4d (3449 words)

	Association for Asia Research- Sino-Kazakh pipeline agreement hides growing ethnic tension
		During his recent visit to China, Kazakh President Nursulatan Nazarbayev was diplomatic enough to skirt such contentious issues as the problem of Uigur "separatists," press reports charging that about two million ethnic Kazakhs in China are gradually losing their ethnic identity and the dumping of cheap Chinese goods on the Kazakh market.
		Persecution of Uigur nationalists in China has aroused protests from the sizable Uigur population in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan.
		A Uigur activist in Kazakhstan complained recently that Nazarbayev did not raise the issue of the Uigurs during his talks with Chinese leader Hu Tsintao.
	www.asianresearch.org /articles/2183.html (874 words)

	Global Vision News Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		However, interior ministry officials say off the record that Uigur separatists from Xinjiang, which borders Kyrgyzstan, are the main suspects ahead of criminal gangs.
		Groups demanding an independent state for the 10 million Uigurs - Muslims of Turkic origin - in the face of what they say is brutal repression by the Beijing authorities are active both inside and outside the country.
		Police have recovered the pistol apparently used in the attack and a spokesman for the Kyrgyz ministry of internal affairs, Joldoshbek Buzurmankulov, said shells and other material evidence from the scene of the crime were being examined.
	www.gvnews.net /html/DailyNews/alert1547.html (642 words)

	The Epoch Times :: Chinese Acrobats Seek Asylum in Canada
		The oldest is around 40 years old, and the youngest is 28 years old, and they are all top-notch acrobats in the Xinjiang Acrobatics Group.
		The Uigur people are a minority group living in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in northwestern China on the border of Mongolia and Kazakhstan.
		Uigar activists have accused the Chinese government of suppressing the Uigur culture and language.
	www.theepochtimes.com /news/4-2-9/19598.html (418 words)

	Uzbekistan Human Rights Links
		Usman, ethnic uigur, was born in 1945 in Kuldja city of Sintszyan-Uigur autonomy province of China.
		He was well respected by uigurs, not so long ago he headed the Centre of Uigurs’ Culture in Tashkent.
		Investigation officer of the Interior Ministry Abdumutal Zakrullaev told the lawyer, that Usman is incriminated by charge of Article 244-1 of Criminal Code of Uzbekistan (dissemination of documents threatening to the social security), and "later on will be brought also the other articles, including 159" (encroachment on the constitutional order).
	www.eurasianet.org /resource/uzbekistan/links/usman.shtml (925 words)

	CHINA: Oppression fuels independence aspirations
		But in the “Uigur Document”, a 1998 outline of their plight prepared for Canadian MPs, Uigur exiles in the US denied their people had adopted violence as their main method of struggle.
		The Uigur Document accused the Chinese government of implementing a policy of “systemic cultural genocide” towards the Uigurs: racially discriminating against them, outnumbering them through mass immigration of Han Chinese into Eastern Turkestan, restricting their religious practices and harshly persecuting them.
		According to Uigur political exiles, 100 Uigurs and 25 Han Chinese were killed in the incident, which was followed by the execution of 31 more Uigurs by the Chinese army and a large number of arrests and imprisonments.
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/2001/473/473p26.htm (1658 words)

	Iranica.com - MUELLER, Friedrich W. K.
		The Uigur text in transcription and the German translation are placed in parallel columns.
		When the text fragments recovered by the first expedition arrived in Berlin in 1903, Müller developed a simple system of signatures composed of M (for Manichaean) and consecutive numbers from 1 to 919 for the fragments he recognized as Manichaean on the basis of the script or some formal aspects.
		Sieg on the Uigur and Tocharian versions of Maitrisimit was an early recognition of the need for such a cooperation and one which, given the dependency of Uigur Buddhist literature on Tocharian, is rightly continued today.
	www.iranica.com /articles/ot_grp5/ot_muller_20040720.html (2944 words)

	Xinjiang-Uigur Autonomous Region ( China ) --- Sairam Tourism
		Having borrowed Buddhism from China the Uigurs pursued the building traditions too, and wonderful temples and monasteries appeared in the area.
		Following the victory of the people's revolution in 1949, there was made good progress in all spheres of the country's life.
		In 1955 the province of Xinjiang was reorganized into Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous District.
	www.sairamtour.com /silkroad/sr_12_1.html (1290 words)

	Almaty City Uigur Cultural Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Center works on the revival and development of the Uigur culture, traditions, and language.
		It offers classes in ancient history and culture of the Uigur people; children’s courses in the Uigur language; and contributes to the improvement of inter-ethnic relations in Kazakstan.
		The Center would like to establish contacts with Uigurs living in the U.S. A print version of much of the information contained in this Central Asian Third Sector Organizations section can be found in Civil Society in Central Asia (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1999).
	www.civilsoc.org /nisorgs/kazak/uigur.htm (88 words)

	Uigur language and culture
		UIGURUigur Language Products[Fonts] (1)[Reference] (1)[System] (1)Introduction to Uigur LanguageUigur is spoken principally in China and to a lesser extent in the Soviet Union.
		Gol valley (Baikal region) Funeral practices and animal sacrifices in Mongolia at the Uigur period: archaeological and ethno-historical study of a kurgan in the Egyin Gol valley (Baikal region) E. Almaty City Uigur Cultural Center
		Los Uigur de China igur es el nombre del siglo XVI usado para identificar una tribu que usualmente se llaman así mismos por el nombre de la región donde viven.
	www.lonweb.org /link-uigur.htm (648 words)

	Hasta el comienzo del siglo XX se desconocía prácticamente la existencia de la lengua y escritura sogdiana
		Realmente algunos retoños de la uigur han seguido estando en uso hasta 1940-1945, cuando, por razones políticas, se introdujo el alfabeto cirílico, ligeramente modificado, para escribir tanto la lengua mongol como todas las lenguas túrcicas modernas en las áreas de Asia Central que se habían convertido en parte de la Unión Soviética.
		Los uigur gobernaron Kashgaria entre los siglos X al XII, cuando subyugaron todo el país aunque mezclándose con la población local de origen iranio.
		La uigur se convirtió así en la escritura de la cancillería mongol, de la misma manera que la lengua uigur sirvió de lengua de la diplomacia en toda Asia Central.
	www.proel.org /alfabetos/uigur.html (700 words)

	The last mulberry paper maker in Uigur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In feudal Uigur, mulberry paper was official document paper.
		The rough surface of the handmade paper had to be smoothed out by Hetan jade stone before using.
		The drying of paper is shown at the background of this photo.
	www.rice-paper.com /essay/mulberry.html (170 words)

	Intergovernmental Association of Uigurs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The association works to preserve and revive Uigur culture, traditions and language.
		It holds celebrations and festivals and provides education for young people in the Uigur tradition.
		A print version of much of the information contained in this Central Asian Third Sector Organizations section can be found in Civil Society in Central Asia (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1999).
	www.civilsoc.org /nisorgs/kazak/uigurs.htm (59 words)

	Language Translation Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Uigur translation team is built from professional linguists, who use their mother tongue exclusively as a target language.
		Our Uigur translators NEVER work into their second language.
		They have deep understanding of the subject area and are highly cultured in Uigur language and English with respect of spelling, grammar, and idiomatic expressiveness.
	www.academyoftranslation.com /Languages/Language-Page-Uigur.asp (508 words)

	TIME.com Print Page: Nation -- Linguists: The Feds Want You (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Also, according to an appeal posted on the FBI website today, the bureau is seeking fluent speakers and readers of Albanian, Amharic, Arabic, Bulgarian, Burmese, Chinese, French, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Kazakh, Korean, Kurdish, Malay, Malayalam, Serbo-Croatian, Somali, Swahili, Tajik, Thai, Tamil, Tigrinya, Turkish, Turkmen, Uigur, Urdu, Uzbek, and Vietnamese.
		Arabic is spoken by many of the tens of thousands of men who went through the camps and are now scattered around the world.
		Ditto Amharic and Tigrinya, spoken in Ethiopia, Tamil, the language of the Sri Lankan terrorist group Tamil Tigers, and the dialects of Southeast Asia, where Muslim extremism is rising.
	www.time.com /time/nation/printout/0,8816,518393,00.html (392 words)

	GeoNative - Uighur - Chinese Turkestan
		The Sinkiang-Uyghur Autonomous Region in China (Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu in Chinese) is also known under the names Eastern Turkestan or Chinese Turkestan.
		Chinese colonization by Han people is a threat for the native peoples.
		Biztanlegoa: 14 milioi (1990eko errolda), Jatorrizko Uigurrak: 7.2 milioi (ofiziala), 14-30 milioi, erbesteko Uigur taldeek diotenez.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/9479/uigur.html (188 words)

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