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	Smart Computing Encyclopedia Entry - Stanislaw Ulam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Ulam was born in Lemberg, Poland (of the Austrian Empire, now Lvov, Ukraine) and went to school at the Polytechnic Institute, also in Lvov, where he received a DSc (a Doctor of Science) in mathematics in 1933.
		Ulam completed his career as a professor in biomathematics at the University of Colorado Medical School, Denver from 1979 to 1984 and as a visiting professor at the University of California, Davis in 1982.
		Ulam was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences and received honorary degrees from the University of New Mexico, University of Wisconsin, and the University of Pittsburgh.
	www.smartcomputing.com /editorial/dictionary/detail.asp?searchtype=2&DicID=19102&RefType=Encyclopedia&guid= (492 words)

	Ulam spiral - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Ulam spiral, or prime spiral (in other languages also called Ulam cloth) is a simple method of graphing the prime numbers that reveals a pattern which has never been fully explained.
		It was discovered by the mathematician Stanislaw Marcin Ulam in 1963, while doodling on scratch paper at a scientific meeting.
		This was so significant, that the Ulam spiral appeared on the cover of Scientific American in March 1964.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ulam_spiral (338 words)

	Professor Adam B. Ulam
		Ulam had a deeply personal understanding of the horrors of which human beings are capable, and he had very little sympathy for meliorative schemes of any kind.
		Ulam was an incisive and remarkably fecund scholar.
		Ulam was hard to pigeonhole intellectually, and he took some pleasure from this fact and from his independence of all orthodoxies and parties.
	www.aulam.org (4059 words)

	Ooi's FLORA MALAYSIANA Ver 1.0 - ULAM - Introduction 1997-2002, updated 03.01.03
		Ulam adalah tumbuhan yang boleh dimakan secara segar atau mentar sebagai satu jenis salad tempatan.
		Pucuk daun jenis kuning juga boleh dimakan sebagai "Ulam".
		Tetapi yang biasa memakan "Ulam" akan pastikan bahawa Cosmos caudatus atau "Ulam Raja asli" yang juga dipanggil "Ulam Raja tulin" lebih sedap bila dibandingkan dengan jenis hibridnya Cosmos sulphureus dimana nama tempatannya ialah "Ulam Raja kuning".
	members.tripod.com /flora_my/ulam/0-ulam.htm (1694 words)

	Stanislaw M. Ulam Papers, American Philosophical Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Ulam's convalescence required a leave of absence from USC, during which he was invited to attend a secret conference at LASL in April, 1946, to discuss the development of Teller's thermonuclear bomb.
		Ulam was honored with such awards as the Sierpinski Medal, the Polish Millennium Prize, and the Polish American Congress Heritage Award, and was named the John von Neumann Lecturer of the Society of Applied and Industrial Mathematics.
		Ulam's work at LASL constitutes another area of surprising weakness: in some cases, the name of a correspondent associated with the laboratory suggests that valuable technical information on the development of nuclear weapons is available in their file.
	www.amphilsoc.org /library/mole/u/ulam.htm (4916 words)

	How Ulam set the stage \| thebulletin.org
		Ulam and Teller, although both well-educated scientists of similar backgrounds (both came to the United States in the mid-1930s from Poland and Hungary, respectively), were otherwise totally different.
		This sequencing or "staging" of an auxiliary bomb (the primary) with a principal bomb (the secondary) was Ulam's ingenious invention.
		Ulam's suggestion had been something less manageable, "hydrodynamic shock." Still, it seems strange to write about two parallel schemes when they were both based on the same principles: Ulam's staging and supercompression.
	www.thebulletin.org /article.php?art_ofn=ja03carlson (2450 words)

	The American Experience \| Race for the Superbomb \| Stanislaw M. Ulam (1909 - 1984)
		Ulam had first come to the United States from Poland for a few months in 1935 at von Neumann's invitation to work at the Institute of Advanced Studies in Princeton.
		But a year later Ulam accidentally came up with a new scheme that would prove to be a breakthrough, and he reluctantly took it to Teller.
		Central to Ulam's idea was the use of material surrounding the fuel capsule that would magnify the energy of the radiation.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/bomb/peopleevents/pandeAMEX74.html (597 words)

	BookRags: Stanislaw Marcin Ulam Biography
		Stanislaw Marcin Ulam was one of the many gifted scientists involved in the effort to create a hydrogen bomb at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico in the 1950s.
		Ulam, the son of a lawyer, was born in Lemberg, Poland, in the Austrian Empire (now Lvov, Ukraine) on April 13, 1909.
		Working with physicist Edward Teller, Ulam was credited with making huge progress toward creating a "superbomb" by suggesting that compression was the key element necessary for explosion and that the shock waves from an atomic (fission) bomb could produce that compression.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/stanislaw-marcin-ulam-wom (803 words)

	Ulam's Problem - Project #5
		Ulam asked what is the minimal number of such yes-no queries required to find the number x, provided that the Responder may lie once or twice.
		Ulam's problem is simply an "amusing" version of the more general problem of dealing with errors in binary-search procedures.
		It turns out that the solution of Ulam's problem is remarkably similar to the solution of one of the main problems in coding theory, namely finding the minimum length for a code of a given size and a given minimum distance [3].
	www.cs.mcgill.ca /~psavad/cs251/ulam.html (2434 words)

	Stanislaw Ulam \| Biography \| atomicarchive.com
		Ulam received his Ph.D. in mathematics in 1933 at the Lvov Polytechnic Institute.
		Ulam went to the U.S. in 1938 as a Harvard Junior Fellow.
		Ulam took a position as chair of mathematics at the University of Colorado in 1965, but he remained a consultant at Los Alamos, dividing his time between Boulder, Colorado, and Santa Fe, New Mexico, from which he commuted to Los Alamos.
	www.atomicarchive.com /Bios/Ulam.shtml (434 words)

	Amazon.ca: Stalin: The Man and His Era: Books: Ulam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Josef Stalin, writes historian Adam B. Ulam in his now-classic biography, was the consummate outsider, a man who spoke Russian with a Georgian accent all his life yet still proclaimed himself to be the supreme father of the Russian people.
		Often pictured as a semiliterate boor, Stalin was in fact an intellectual, and he destroyed the intellectual class to which he belonged "as thoroughly as any class in history had ever been destroyed." Ulam's account of the 20th century's Genghis Khan is an absorbing study of power won and terrifyingly applied.
		Ulam gives the impression of having read, pondered, and put in context everything ever written in any language by and about Stalin, the other Bolsheviks, and their close contemporaries in the USSR and Europe.
	www.amazon.ca /Stalin-Man-His-Era-Ulam/dp/080707005X (480 words)

	LANL \| History \| People \| Some Staff Biographies
		Yet with the war in full swing, Ulam said he was dismayed at the detached view of the conflict among many colleagues at Wisconsin and the isolationist attitude of many Americans.
		Ulam soon noted that people whom he knew well at Wisconsin began to vanish one after the other without saying where they were going.
		Ulam looked at all aspects of this project but concluded, "I sincerely felt it was safer to keep these matters in the hands of scientists and people who are accustomed to objective judgements rather than in the hands of demagogues or jingoists.
	www.lanl.gov /history/people/S_Ulam.shtml (1424 words)

	Adventures of a Mathematician
		The autobiography of mathematician Stanislaw Ulam, one of the great scientific minds of the twentieth century, tells a story rich with amazingly prophetic speculations and peppered with lively anecdotes.
		With his wide-ranging interests, Ulam never emphasized the importance of his contributions to the research that resulted in the hydrogen bomb.
		Ulam (1909-1984) was born in Poland and was a key member of the now legendary Polish School of Mathematics.
	www.ucpress.edu /books/pages/2702.html (300 words)

	Adam Ulam, Authority on Russia, Dies at 77
		Ulam was affiliated with Harvard's Russian Research Center (renamed the Davis Center for Russian Studies in 1997) for more than 50 years.
		Ulam won many awards for his research, including a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1956, Rockefeller Fellowships in 1957 and 1960, and a lifetime distinguished achievement award from the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies in 1987.
		The Ulams were divorced in 1992 but had spent much time together during Professor Ulam’s illness and were planning to remarry.
	www.news.harvard.edu /gazette/2000/04.06/ulam.html (972 words)

	Ulam's Rose (prime number spiral) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Stanislaw Ulam was attending some boring meeting, and to divert himself somewhat he began to scribble on a piece of paper.
		Ulam ran home and expanded the spiral to cover a much larger portion of the number sequence.
		The Ulam Rose of 1 => 262,144 used here is an embellishment of an image originally created by Jean-François Colonna ©1996, CNET and the École Polytechnique, Paris France.
	www.abarim-publications.com /artctulam.html (731 words)

	Stanislaw Ulam Exhibition Information
		“Stanislaw Ulam: Adventures of a Mathematician” is a fascinating exhibit about the famous Polish mathematician who provided the critical scientific breakthrough that led to the development of the H-bomb by the United States.
		A prominent member of the legendary Polish School of Mathematics, Stanislaw Ulam first arrived in the United States in December 1935 to spend the year at the prestigious Institute of Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.
		Leaving Harvard Ulam moved to the University of Wisconsin at Madison first as a lecturer and than an assistant professor.
	www.atomicmuseum.com /tour/te-ulam.cfm (241 words)

	Amazon.com: Adventures of a mathematician: Books: Stanislaw M Ulam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Ulam was simply trying to give an honest picture, through the lens of his own experiences and friendships, of how people become mathematicians, of how essential group efforts are to progress in science and math, and of the staggering accomplishments that can result when people push the limits of thought.
		In this book he said that a polish mathematician called Ulam was doing mathematics for the Hydrogen Bomb but his maths were deviating so much from abstract that he even used numbers with decimals in his formulas.
		Ulam deftly considers all aspects of his life juxtaposed with those around him; sociological, philosophical and even poignant glimpses into the theological.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0684143917?v=glance (1956 words)

	Stanislaw Marcin Ulam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		At the age of 10, Stanislaw Ulam entered the gymnasium in Lvov, and about this timehe became interested in astronomy and physics.
		Ulam obtained his Ph.D. from the Polytechnic Institute in Lvov in 1933, where he studied under Banach.
		While Ulam was at Los Alamos, he developed the "Monte-Carlo method", which searched for solutions to mathematical problems using a statistical sampling method with random numbers.
	www.stetson.edu /~efriedma/periodictable/html/U.html (320 words)

	About Stanislaw Ulam
		Perhaps his greatest achievement was the deveopment of the Monte Carlo method for solving complex mathematical problems by electronic random sampling, but he made equally noteworthy contributions in hydrodynamics (three-dimensionnal fluid flow), the development of nuclear propulsion for space flight (Project Orion), and in fields as disparate as physics, biology and astronomy.
		Here he is [r.], in 1935 at age 26, on a street in Lwów with colleague Stefan Mazur, perhaps headed for one of the cafés where the Lwów mathematicians gathered.
		Stan Ulam himself recalled, in autobiographical notes among his papers at the American Philosophical Society [here quoted by permission of the APS], "Already, in 1945, I was asked to visit Los Alamos once or twice for conferences on the possibility of constructing the so-called 'super,' the hydrogen bomb.
	www.aulam.org /stanulam.htm (1501 words)

	Ulam Quarterly Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Ulam Quaterly Journal is an electronic journal, which means that papers are submitted to editors and refereed as with any other journal.
		The Ulam Quarterly Journal is dedicated to the universal character of Stanislaw Ulam's scientific interests.
		In this spirit the Ulam Quarterly Journal is devoted to the publication of original research and open problems in all areas of mathematics.
	www.ulam.usm.edu /editor.html (365 words)

	Ulam-National Curve Bank (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Ulam was a very versatile mathematician who wrote numerous articles in the fields of set theory, group theory, topology, and mathematical physics, as well as several popular books about mathematics.
		Shortly after emigrating to the United States, he became a major contributor in the construction of the first fusion (hydrogen) bomb.
		While working on the problem of fusion, Ulam developed what is now known as the Monte Carlo method, a technique for solving a variety of mathematical problems by making use of random numbers and the laws of probability.
	curvebank.calstatela.edu /birthdayindex/apr/apr3ulam/apr3ulam.htm (89 words)

	Prime Number Spiral (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		An interesting prime number spiral was discovered in 1963 by Stanislaw M. Ulam, and is now called "the Ulam spiral".
		The Ulam spiral is constructed as follows: Consider a rectangular grid.
		This can be seen more clearly in the image below right, in which each of the 70,255 pixels marks a position in the number sequence and the primes are marked by white pixels.
	www.hermetic.ch /pns/pns.htm (384 words)

	Ulam Quarterly Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		To link to the current issue, please press on the front cover.
		Other issues and departments can be accessed by clicking on the links in red type throughout this document, or by following the Ulam Quarterly Cover Page icons.
		Submisssion of articles for review should link to Editorial Policy or Submission for Review.
	www.ulam.usm.edu (53 words)

	ULAM: Animal Diagnostic Laboratory Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The ULAM Animal Diagnostic Laboratory (ADL) is able to provide a variety of diagnostic services to investigators upon request.
		The ULAM ADL suggests submission of baseline samples or controls for any hematology or chemistry analyses.
		Other tests may be available upon special request.
	www.ulam.umich.edu /VET/ADLSERV.HTM (218 words)

	Basic Principles of Staged Radiation Implosion ("Teller-Ulam Design")
		The key to making large fusion bombs is finding a way for using the energy of an atomic bomb trigger to compress a mass of deuterium sufficiently for the D-D reactions to become practical, followed by heating of the mass to ignition temperatures after the proper density has been achieved.
		The technique for doing this is staged radiation implosion, also called the Teller-Ulam configuration after its original joint inventors, Stanislaw Ulam and Edward Teller (also reinvented independently by Andrei Sakharov and his associates, and by others in Britain, France, and China).
		The Teller-Ulam configuration makes use of the fact that at the high temperatures of a fission bomb 80% or more of the energy exists as soft X-rays, not kinetic energy.
	nuclearweaponarchive.org /Library/Teller.html (1537 words)

	UF Math: Ulam Colloquium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Stan Ulam (1909-1984) was a Graduate Research Professor at the University of Florida from 1974-1984, and directed the dissertation of Edward Howorka, Ph.D. He interacted with many engineering and science faculty on campus, and attracted a wide variety of visitors, including Mark Kac, with whom he is pictured below.
		In 1998-99, under the leadership of chair Krishnaswami Alladi, the Department of Mathematics initiated the annual Ulam Colloquium Lecture Series in applied mathematics at the University of Florida.
		2005-06 Ulam Colloquium by Louis Nirenberg (Courant Institute)
	www.math.ufl.edu /dept_news_events/ulam (142 words)

	LANL Research Library: Laboratory Publications: Los Alamos Science: Number 15
		A Similarity Measure for Graphs - Reflections on a Theme of Ulam (545Kb)
		Stan Ulam, John von Neumann, and the Monte Carlo Method (1.0Mb)
		Sequence Analysis - Contributions by Ulam to Molecular Genetics (214Kb)
	www.fas.org /sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/pubs/number15.htm (152 words)

	Ulam Rose? Get A Grip! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		First of all, let's wonder what exactly the Ulam Spiral is. Well, to start with, the Ulam Spiral is not a spiral but isolated segments of the number sequence that get larger 8 numbers per segment:
		It's the basic, underlying pattern of the number sequence.
		Now realize that although the prime number density thins out gradually, they still appear at more or less regular intervals, et voila: you have yourself a magical hoax.
	www.abarim-publications.com /ulamgohome.html (816 words)

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