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Topic: Ulnar arteries

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	VI. The Arteries. 4b. 4. The Ulnar Artery. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The volar carpal branch (ramus carpeus volares; anterior ulnar carpal artery) is a small vessel which crosses the front of the carpus beneath the tendons of the Flexor digitorum profundus, and anastomoses with the corresponding branch of the radial artery.
		The dorsal carpal branch (ramus carpeus dorsalis; posterior ulnar carpal artery) arises immediately above the pisiform bone, and winds backward beneath the tendon of the Flexor carpi ulnaris; it passes across the dorsal surface of the carpus beneath the Extensor tendons, to anastomose with a corresponding branch of the radial artery.
		It lies upon the transverse carpal ligament, the Flexor digiti quinti brevis and Opponens digiti quinti, the tendons of the Flexor digitorum sublimis, the Lumbricales, and the divisions of the median and ulnar nerves.
	www.bartleby.com /107/152.html (1340 words)

	Ulnar artery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The ulnar artery is the main blood vessel, with oxygenated blood, of the medial aspect of the forearm.
		The ulnar artery, the larger of the two terminal branches of the brachial, begins a little below the bend of the elbow, and, passing obliquely downward, reaches the ulnar side of the forearm at a point about midway between the elbow and the wrist.
		At the wrist the ulnar artery is covered by the integument and the volar carpal ligament, and lies upon the transverse carpal ligament.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ulnar_artery (625 words)

	Arteries - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The ulnar artery extends down the ulnar side of the front of the fore-arm to the palm of the hand, where it curves outward toward the thumb, and anastomoses with the superficial volar or other branch of the radial artery to form the superficial palmar arch.
		The single arteries are the coeliac axis, the superior mesenteric, and the inferior mesenteric, which arise from the front of the aorta; the pairs are the capsular, the two renal, and the two spermatic or ovarian, which arise from its sides.
		The arteries which supply the coats of the alimentary tube from the oesophagus to the rectum anastomose freely with each other in the wall of the tube, or in its mesenteric attachment, and the anastomoses are usually by the formation of arches or loops between adjacent branches.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Arteries (4040 words)

	Arteries of the Upper Limb
		It accompanies the ulnar nerve posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
		, a branch of the profunda brachii artery.
		The Palmar Carpal Branch of the Ulnar Artery
	www.videohelp.com /~vitualis/med/uppart.htm (1228 words)

	Orthopaedic Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The ulnar artery descends into the forearm deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris and is accompanied by the ulnar nerve on its medial side.
		The radial artery descends in the forearm deep to the flexor carpi radialis.
		The ulnar artery is intimately associated with the ulnar nerve in Guyon's canal.
	www.uphs.upenn.edu /ortho/oj/1998/oj11sp98p52.html (5135 words)

	Chapter 9: THE ARM AND ELBOW
		The ulnar nerve, originally medial to the brachial artery, proceeds posteriorward to the posterior aspect of the medial epicondyle.
		At the elbow the artery lies in the middle of the cubital fossa, between the biceps tendon laterally and the median nerve medially (fig.
		9-6 The brachial artery and the median nerve lie medial to the biceps tendon in the cubital fossa.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~humananatomy/part_2/chapter_9.html (2159 words)

	The Radial Artery - Wikimd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The superficial branch of the radial nerve is close to the lateral side of the artery in the middle third of its course; and some filaments of the lateral antibrachial cutaneous nerve run along the lower part of the artery as it winds around the wrist.
		Peculiarities—The origin of the radial artery is, in nearly one case in eight, higher than usual; more often it arises from the axillary or upper part of the brachial than from the lower part of the latter vessel.
		The volar carpal branch (ramus carpeus volaris; anterior radial carpal artery) is a small vessel which arises near the lower border of the Pronator quadratus, and, running across the front of the carpus, anastomoses with the volar carpal branch of the ulnar artery.
	www.wikimd.org /index.php?title=The_Radial_Artery (1130 words)

	eMedicine - Hand, Anatomy : Article by Bünyamin Sahin, DVM, PhD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The common flexor synovial sheath (ulnar bursa) is located within the carpal tunnel and enlarges until the middle of the metacarpal bones in the center of the palm.
		The lateral 2 lumbricals are innervated by the median nerve; the medial 2 lumbricals are innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve.
		The ulnar nerve reaches the volar wrist ulnar to the ulnar artery, passes over the flexor retinaculum, and reaches to the hypothenar eminence of the hand.
	www.emedicine.com /plastic/topic296.htm (5382 words)

	The Journal of Invasive Cardiology
		Ulnar artery sheaths were removed immediately after the procedure and a hemostasis strap over a gauze wad was applied to the puncture site for 4 hours, followed by a non-occlusive pressure dressing.
		The diameter of the ulnar and radial arteries at the wrist was measured in 102 (84%) of 124 ultrasound investigations (Table 3).
		As compared to the radial artery, the ulnar artery was larger in 54% of the 102 patients, the same size in 12%, and smaller in 34%.
	www.invasivecardiology.com /article/4219 (4351 words)

	Dorsal Carpal Arteries/Veins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The "dorsal carpal branch" of the radial and ulnar arteries supply blood to the "dorsal digital branches," which then supply the sides of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers.
		The dorsal veins parallel the arteries of the same name on their way back up to the radial and ulnar veins.
		Dorsal veins and arteries are also found in the feet which are also responsible for the supply to and the draining of blood supplied to the top of the foot.
	www.innerbody.com /text/card54.html (104 words)

	Untitled Document
		Arterial blood gas monitoring is vital to the successful treatment of respiratory failure, whatever the cause.
		The Allen test determines the patency of the arm's radial and ulnar arteries.
		If the palm remains blanched when either the radial or ulnar arteries are released, there may not be sufficient circulation if a catheter were to be inserted.
	www.rnceus.com /hemo/artline.htm (513 words)

	Upper Extremity Arterial Disease
		Arterial Diseases of Upper Extremity is uncommon and accounts for approximately 5% of cases of extremity ischemia; the remaining 95% of cases occur in the lower extremity.
		Upper extremity arteries are imaged with a 3-5 MHz transducer for subclavian artery and 7.5-10 MHz for remaining superficial arteries with a linear probe.
		Because of the close confines of the thoracic outlet, the Subclavian artery, the Subclavian vein, and brachial plexus are subject to impingement and may generate upper extremity symptoms that are subject to evaluation by a vascular lab.
	www.cvtcollege.org /Ac_Programs/dms_vascular/studentdebra.html (1472 words)

	Arterial Blood Gas Sampling - Sample Policy
		Perform Allen’s test (both the radial and ulnar arteries should be compressed at a level approximately 1 centimeter proximal to the wrist joint while the patient’s hand is squeezed for approximately 5 seconds then relaxed.
		Arterial puncture should not be performed through a lesion or through or distal to a surgical shunt (e.g., as in a dialysis patient).
		Arterial blood specimens withdrawn from the body only reflect the physiologic condition at the moment of sampling (e.g., pain from the puncture itself may lead to hyperventilation with consequent changes in values).
	members.tripod.com /~jeffpray/ppabg.html (1923 words)

	Ulnar Artery - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		The results of radial and ulnar arterial repair in the forearm.
		Ulnar artery thrombosis and the role of interposition vein grafting: patency with microsurgical technique.
		Ulnar artery palmar to palmaris brevis - cadaveric study and 3 case reports
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/ulnar_artery (438 words)

	Upper Extremities
		The axillary artery is that portion between the outer border of the teres major muscle and border of the first rib.
		The radial recurrent artery is the first and largest major branch of the radial artery which serves the region of the elbow.
		The first large branch of the ulnar nerve is the ulnar recurrent artery which arises from the proximal portion near the elbow.
	www.pitt.edu /~anat/Extremities/UpperExt/UpperExt.htm (2037 words)

	AAPM&R - November 1996 EMG Case
		Ulnar sensory conduction studies to the small finger are used to evaluate the separate digital sensory branches.
		Nerve conduction response from the FDI with stimulation of the ulnar nerve is absent.
		Within the canal the ulnar nerve branches into: 1) a superficial branch supplying sensation to the palmar aspect of the fifth and medial fourth digits, 2) a motor branch to the hypothenar muscles, and 3) a deep motor branch to innervate the interossei, two lumbricals, and other ulnar innervated hand muscles.
	www.aapmr.org /education/archive/9699/emg9611c.htm (705 words)

	eMedicine - Upper Extremity Occlusive Disease : Article by James Yao, MD, PhD
		Vertebral artery: This is the first branch of the subclavian and a major collateral for proximal subclavian artery stenosis (retrograde vertebral artery blood flow).
		Internal mammary artery: The internal mammary artery (IMA) is the second branch of the subclavian artery and is used for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
		Distal ulnar artery occlusion and proximal radial artery occlusion with obliteration of the superficial palmar arch from distal embolization.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic2776.htm (2780 words)

	Ulnar Artery/Vein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Within the elbow, the brachial artery divides into an ulnar and a radial artery.
		The ulnar artery leads down the ulnar side of the forearm to the wrist.
		At the wrist, branches of the ulnar and radial arteries join to form a network of vessels, which supply the structures in the wrist, hand and fingers.
	www.innerbody.com /text/card37.html (95 words)

	The Physician and Sportsmedicine: Hand Ischemia in Active Patients
		He presented a case of an ulnar artery aneurysm in a coachman who repeatedly struck the butt of his horsewhip against the palm of his hand (1,4).
		Like the ulnar artery, it is firmly fixed by the adjoining muscles (the abductor pollicis brevis and opponens pollicis), lacks protection from the palmar aponeurosis for a short distance, and leans against bone.
		Excessive sympathetic tone from an ulnar artery injury, however, may trigger vasospasm in the radial artery, making it appear as though it is occluded because of a direct-impact injury (12).
	www.physsportsmed.com /issues/1998/01jan/rowan.htm (2555 words)

	Vascular Disease
		Arteriosclerosis of the brachial, radial or ulnar artery may require surgical exploration and possibly saphenous vein interposition grafting.
		Frequently, both radial and ulnar arteries are affected by disease and hence the patient presents with symptoms.
		A thrombosis and/or aneurysm of the ulnar artery at the hook of the hamate presents as a result of repetitive trauma in a laborer.
	www.microsurgeon.org /vascular_disease.htm (422 words)

	Radial Arterial Lines and Sticks: What Are the Risks? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		If obstruction of the ulnar artery is suspected, the radial arteries are located by their pulsations; the examiner places one thumb lightly over each radial, with the four fingers of each hand behind the patient's wrist, thus holding the wrist lightly between the thumb and fingers.
		In individuals with an intact arterial tree the pallor is quickly replaced by rubor of a higher degree than normal, which gradually fades to the normal color.
		Arterial thrombosis seems to be a self-limited problem, usually unassociated with ischemia and with recannulation occurring within several months.
	www.rcjournal.com /contents/03.01/03.01.0229.asp (1704 words)

	Procedures - Radial Artery Puncture - Medstudents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The partial pressures of oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and the pH of arterial blood are important in assessing pulmonary function, since these data indicate the status of gas exchange between the lungs and the blood.
		It is very important to perform Allen Test to confirm the patency of the ulnar artery, because in case there is no collateral flow through the ulnar artery, radial artery puncture is contraindicated since it can result in a gangrenous finger or loss of the hand from spasm or clotting of the radial artery.
		A hand that remains white indicates either absence or occlusion of the ulnar artery, and radial artery puncture is contraindicated.
	www.medstudents.com.br /proced/radial.htm (677 words)

	The radial artery is larger than the ulnar -- Riekkinen et al. 75 (3): 882 -- The Annals of Thoracic Surgery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The radial artery is larger than the ulnar -- Riekkinen et al.
		radial artery was dominant in 20 of 24 cadavers (83%), the ulnar
		artery in 3 of 24 (13%), and the arteries were equal in 1 of
	ats.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/75/3/882 (346 words)

	Morphea
		Severe ulcerations or necrotic areas of the fingers (dry gangrene evidenced by a fl scab and by shrinking of the tissues under the scab) may be a sign that there is blockage of an artery to the hand in addition to the temporary artery spasm of Raynaud's.
		There are two major arteries which supply blood to the hand (the radial and ulnar arteries) which can be occluded or blocked by the scleroderma process.
		The person may benefit from evaluation and treatment by a vascular surgeon, who may be able to bypass the artery obstruction with a vein or fabric graft, or surgically interrupt the sympathetic nerves in the hands, causing blood vessels to relax.
	www.scleroderma.org /medical/raynauds_articles/Clements_Spring2001.htm (349 words)

	Welcome to Casualty Adjuster's Guide® (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		First one artery is released, then the other, to observe pattern of capillary refill in the hand.
		Relaxation of the fascia between the crest of the ilium and the greater trochanter; a sign of fracture of the neck of the femur.
		A test for tight intrinsic muscles in ulnar deviation of the digits; in rheumatoid arthritis a heavy, taut ulnar band is demonstrated when the digit is held in its normal axial relationship.
	www.cagworld.com /Resources/Medical.asp?Letter=All (4184 words)

	Contrast-enhanced MR Angiography of the Hand -- Connell et al. 22 (3): 583 -- RadioGraphics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The ulnar artery gives off a branch (large straight solid arrow) to complete the arch and directly supplies the common digital arteries to the third, fourth, and fifth digits (small straight solid arrows).
		Contrast-enhanced MR angiogram shows the proper digital vessels, with the ulnar artery to the second digit (straight arrow) coursing toward a small enhancing lesion in the fingertip (curved arrow).
		MR angiogram demonstrates absence of the ulnar artery.
	radiographics.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/22/3/583 (6371 words)

	SIR 2003 Film Panel Case 7: Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Presenting with Upper Extremity Emboli and Posterior ...
		a thrombectomy of the axillary artery, proximal brachial artery,
		The syndrome of cervical rib with subclavian arterial thrombosis and hemiplegia due to cerebral embolism.
		Cerebral and peripheral emboli caused by cervical ribs.
	www.jvir.org /cgi/content/full/14/6/807 (2056 words)

	Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		Ulnar artery thrombosis: a sports-related injury [published erratum appears in Am J Sports Med 1986 Sep-Oct;14(5):387 Ulnar Artery Thromboisis.
		Papers of the Society for Clinical Vascular Surgery: Scientific Papers: An Experience with Upper-Extremity Vascular Trauma. Scientific Papers: Surgical Treatment of Distal Ulnar Artery Aneurysm.
		Ulnar artery palmar to palmaris brevis - cadaveric study and 3 case reports Ulnar artery insufficiency: A guide to treatment.
	www.orthoteers.org /content/Wheeless/05/66.htm (111 words)

	MDCT Angiography of the Extremities in Pediatric Patients: Initial Experience -- Karcaaltincaba et al. 183 (1): 189 -- ...
		of CT angiography for diagnosing arterial stenoses of the extremities
		Arterial acquisitions were performed in the craniocaudal direction.
		brachial artery was occluded and was reconstituted by collaterals and
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/full/183/1/189 (1743 words)

	The Blood Vessel and Circulation Page - Part 2
		Find the Left internal, external, and common carotid arteries, the left internal jugular vein, and left subclavian vn and artery.
		Find the appropriate numbers corresponding to the cephalic vn., basilic vn., median-cubital vn., brachial artery, ulnar and radial arteries in the anti-cubital fossa, and radial and ulnar arteries at the wrist.
		Note: the brachial, radial, and ulnar veins would be along the surface of the arteries of the same names.
	www.esg.montana.edu /esg/kla/ta/circ2.html (240 words)

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