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Topic: Ulster Scots

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	Ulster-Scots Agency
		However, in Early and Middle Scots manuscripts, from the 14th century, the letters '3' and 'z' were indistinguishable as 3, for example in 3outh and 3ele (=zeal).
		The development of the Older Scots forms suld 'should' and sall 'shall' is not parallel to that from sogh to sheuch.
		The Scots past tense verb ending in '-it' or '-t' (rather than '-ed' or '-d'), is of course a historical form but it also reflects a pronunciation contrast with English.
	www.ulsterscotsagency.com /oldscotsspellingsinulsterscots.asp (1383 words)

	Ulster Scots language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ulster Scots, also known as Ullans, Hiberno-Scots, or Scotch-Irish, refers to the variety of the Scots language spoken in parts of the province of Ulster, which spans the six counties of Northern Ireland and three of the Republic of Ireland.
		Ulster Scots is defined in legislation (The North/South Co-operation (Implementation Bodies) Northern Ireland Order 1999) as: the variety of the Scots language which has traditionally been used in parts of Northern Ireland and in Donegal in Ireland [1].
		The Ulster Scots revival from the 1980s onwards has moved away from the previous tradition and Modern Lowland Scots orthographic practice, preferring instead to develop Ulster Scots as an autonomous written variety separate from Lowland Scots in Scotland, incidentally reducing the language's written comprehensibility to Lowland Scots-speakers, including those native to Ulster itself.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ulster_Scots_language (1641 words)

	Ulster-Scots - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The migration of Scots to Ulster occurred mainly during the 17th and 18th centuries (as detailed in the articles History of Scotland and Plantations of Ireland).
		The Scottish population in Ulster was further augmented during the subsequent Irish Confederate Wars, when a Scottish Covenanter army was landed in the province to protect the settlers from the native Irish Catholic forces.
		With the enforcement of Queen Anne's 1703 Test Act in Ulster, which caused further discrimination against non-Anglicans, considerable numbers of Ulster-Scots migrated to the North American colonies throughout the 18th century (450,000 settled in the USA between 1717 and 1770 alone).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ulster_Scots (769 words)

	Newshound: Daily Northern Ireland news catalog - Irish News article
		Ulster Scots is recognised as a language by both the Belfast agreement and the European Charter.
		Ulster Scots is a language with a grammar, a vocabulary and a literature.
		Whether it be the Plantation of Ulster in the 17th century, emigration to the American colonies and the formulation of radical ideas in the 18th century or the industrial revolution in the 19th and 20th centuries, Ulster Scots has left its mark on the history of Ulster and the wider world.
	www.nuzhound.com /articles/irish_news/arts2002/nov15_ulster_scots_rich_heritage.php (802 words)

	The Ulster-Scots
		Ulster Scots is a term used primarily in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
		The primary purpose of the plantation scheme was to populate the northern counties of Ireland with loyal British subjects, to counterbalance the native Irish.
		To ensure that the arriving Scots could be kept under control from rising up in Ireland in support of their brothers in Scotland, they were required to take an oath of loyalty to the British Crown, as ’denizens’ in Ireland.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/ulster_scots/ulster2.htm (481 words)

	Institute of Ulster-Scots Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Institute of Ulster Scots Studies was established in January 2001.
		The goal of the Institute for Ulster Scots Studies is to explore the history, heritage and legacy of the Ulster Scots people.
		Both the common and the diverse currents of the Ulster Scots experience have been often ignored: the first because of a tradition of writing distinctive national histories which tended to fragment that experience geographically; the second because of a tradition of cultural essentialism which tended to displace difference in favour of national uniformity.
	www.arts.ulster.ac.uk /ulsterscots/intro.htm (211 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Ulster Scots
		As people from Scotland nowadays refer to themselves as "Scots" or "Scottish", the term "Scotch" may even be considered an ethnic slur as it nowadays outside of an American context refers only to whisky.
		With the enforcement of Queen Anne's 1703 Test Act in Ulster, which caused further discrimination against non-Anglicans, considerable numbers of Ulster-Scots migrated to the North American colonies throughout the 18th century (250,000 settled in the USA between 1717 and 1770 alone).
		Ulster Scots, also known as Ullans, Hiberno-Scots, or Scotch-Irish, refers to a dialect of the Scots language spoken in parts of the province of Ulster, which spans the six counties of Northern Ireland and three of the Republic of Ireland.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ulster-Scots (940 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Academic rigour is injected by the Ulster Scots Institute at the University of Ulster.
		The Ulster Scots Academy - whose motto is "thole aye an quhile poustie" or perseverance brings strength - aims to codify and preserve the language.
		Ulster Scots enthusiasts claim up to 100,000 speakers, but they are hard to find outside the staff of the board and the translators employed by the Northern Ireland assembly who render the official record in Ullans.
	www.asu.edu /educ/epsl/LPRU/newsarchive/Art1973.txt (587 words)

	The Ulster Plantation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		County Monaghan, although part of Old Ulster was not a Plantation county but it did receive Scots settlers in the 17th century as witness the First Monaghan Presbyterian Church in Monaghan Town which celebrated its Tercentenary in 1997.
		The primary purpose of the plantation scheme was to populate the northern counties of Ireland with loyal British Protestant subjects, to counterbalance and dominate the Irish Roman Catholics.
		It was seen as a way to eradicate Scotland of the hordes of lowland Scots who in poverty had turned to a life of marauding and horse thievery, which had become an occupation in itself in the Scottish countryside.
	canadasulsterscots.tripod.com /Plantation.htm (551 words)

	BBC NI - Learning - A State Apart - Culture - Ulster Scots
		Ulster Scots, also known as Ullans, is said to be spoken by an estimated 100,000 people in Northern Ireland and East Donegal.
		Although the academic jury is still undecided as to whether Ulster Scots is a language or a dialect, the European Bureau for Lesser Used Languages has always recognised Ulster Scots as one of the 'lesser used' languages in Europe.
		Ulster Scots is a regional variant of Scots, which, like English, traces its origins to Anglo-Saxon.
	www.bbc.co.uk /northernireland/learning/history/stateapart/agreement/culture/ulsterscots1.shtml (261 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Ulster Scots language
		Scots or Lallans (Eng: Lowlands), sometimes called Lowland Scots to distinguish it from the Gaelic language of the Highlands, is a West Germanic language used in Scotland, parts of Northern Ireland, and border areas of the Republic of Ireland, where it is known in official circles as Ulster Scots or...
		Nowadays the preferred adjective is Scottish or Scots, and Scotch usually pertains to a recipe such as Scotch whisky.
		James Orr (1770-1816) was a poet or rhyming weaver from Ulster also known as the Bard of Ballycarry, who wrote in the English language and the Scots language.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ulster-Scots-language (614 words)

	The Migration of the Scots-Irish
		The effective preaching and public education by the Presbyterian church in the Lowlands of Scotland left the Scots with a deep rooted suspicion for religious authority and a hatred of the old Catholic church that would effect their role in the Ulster plantation of the next century.
		Scots settling in Ulster could expect to rent land for a period of 21 to 31 years, sometimes longer (as much as three lifetimes).
		One common occurrence in both Ulster and Scotland was the “holy fair.” This was a large outdoor gathering marked by preaching of the hellfire and brimstone variety, a call for personal conversion as a mark of salvation, and meditation.
	albanach.org /ulster.html (4241 words)

	Kids.net.au - Encyclopedia Ulster Scots language - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Ulster Scots language is a minority language of Northern Ireland, which comprises a large part of the region of Ireland traditionally called Ulster.
		Opinions vary as to whether Ulster Scots is a dialect of Lowland Scots or an independent language closely related to it.
		In the same way that use of Irish Gaelic in Northern Ireland is sometimes a political sign of the faction that desires all of Ireland to be united and sovereign, use of Ulster Scots is sometimes a sign of the faction that desires Northern Ireland to remain in the union with Great Britain.
	www.kidsseek.com /encyclopedia-wiki/ul/Ulster_Scots (185 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| Ireland adopts Ulster Scots
		Ulster Scots - a language similar to Lallans, the native tongue of Scotland's most famous poet, Robert Burns - is set to be recognised as the republic's third official language.
		In Ulster Scots, an oral language spoken by an estimated 100,000 people in Northern Ireland and east Donegal, Dublin is translated as Black Lyn, the state carrier Aer Lingus becomes Lift Gates, and the Irish police or Garda Siochana is Hainin Polic.
		The man masterminding the drive for Ulster Scots' equality is John Laird, one of Trimble's allies in the House of Lords.
	www.guardianunlimited.co.uk /Northern_Ireland/Story/0,2763,393071,00.html (643 words)

	Ulster-Scots
		Although Scots had been settling in Ireland and more particularly Ulster for hundreds of years, it was not until 1606 that a major plantation occurred.
		What is unquestionable is the fact that the Ulster accent and speech is very noticeably different from that of Southern Ireland, indeed Ulster is the only area outside of Scotland where Scots has survived as a spoken language/dialect.
		Scots is the most defining characteristic of the Ulster accent, most Ulster-Scots who have visited other parts of the English speaking world will testify that more often than not, they are mistaken as being from Scotland rather than Northern Ireland.
	www.ulsternationalist.freeservers.com /custom3.html (1595 words)

	THE ULSTER SCOTS COME TO CANADA
		Ulster refers to that old province of Ireland now containing 3 counties of the Republic of Ireland, being Donegal, Cavan, and Monaghan, and 6 counties in Northern Ireland, being Antrim, Armagh, Down, Londonderry, Tyrone, and Fermanagh.
		An immigrant of Ulster Scot ancestry, Lindsay Crawford, was elected President of the League at its first national convention.
		The history and traditions of the Ulster Scots immigrants to the Maritimes and other parts of Canada are promoted by the Ulster Scottish Society of Canada which was established in Halifax in 1995.
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~goudied/ulster-scot2canada.html (1053 words)

	Ulster scots language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Start the Ulster scots language article or add a request for it.
		Look for Ulster scots language in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Ulster scots language in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/ulster_scots_language (155 words)

	Wir Ain Leid - Ulster Scots
		Scots settled in the northern half of the Ards Peninsula spreading at first through Newtonards and Comber and then across the northern half of Down.
		Scots also settled from Island Magee to Glenarm and in the west as far as Antrim town and in the North at Ballymoney.
		Ulster Scots is on the whole a variant of West Central Scots.
	www.scots-online.org /grammar/uscots.htm (721 words)

	The Daltaí Boards: Ulster Scots
		This means that English and Scots developed in the same way, and to describe one as a pidgin of the other is simply wrong and unhistorical.
		Did Jonas forget that the Scots were the Highland Celts who traditionally spoke Gaelic and therefore should you not call your language old English or something else rather that confusing everbody by calling it Scots.
		I'd be pleased to use "Scots" for Gaelic, but today it is a fact that the term "Scots" is used for the language that this particular discussion is about.
	www.daltai.com /discus/messages/12465/11945.html?1073743489 (1538 words)

	Ulster Scots-Irish
		Any Scot who had the inclination might now take the short journey across to Ulster and there, on easy terms, acquire a holding of land reputed to be far more fertile and productive than any he was likely to know in his own country.
		Economic distress in the Lowlands and economic opportunities in Ulster were the predominant causes for migration during the first fifty years after the plantation scheme had begun in 1610.
		The substantial leaders of Ulster had put their primary economic faith in manufacture and trade, and their success in life now depended upon two unknown and uncontrollable factors: the arbitrary acts of the English Parliament and the ups and downs of the foreign market.
	www.irishgenealogy.com /surnames/migration-scotch-irish.htm (1848 words)

	The Scotch Irish & Ulster Scots
		Scotch-Irish / Scots Irish and Ulster Scots, the history and culture.
		The Scotch Irish Ulster Scots have for to long been forgotten and misrepresented, this site goes some way to rectifying that situation.
		Scotch Irish and Ulster Scots, NI Logos™® ©2004 Scotch-irish.net.
	www.scotchirish.net (141 words)

	Irish
		Therefore, this discussion will be concerned primarily with those Ulster families, who need to be differentiated from the "native Irish" and the Scots who also immigrated to the New World.
		Although the Lowland Scots would have acquired a few customs of the native Irish, they became associated with the "Irish" and separated from their Scottish brethren only so far as having taken up residence in that island.
		But in that instance she was referring specifically to a small group of Highlander Scots of Celtic ancestry who had gone to Ireland and intermarried with fellow Celts.
	www.motherbedford.com /Irish.htm (397 words)

	BBC News \| Northern Ireland \| Assembly appoints Ulster Scots translator
		Ulster Scots is a language which is closely related to Lowland Scots and was imported to Ireland during the Plantation of Ulster in the 17th century.
		Ulster Unionist deputy leader John Taylor is not so keen on the allocation of what he sees as scarce resources to Ulster Scots or the Irish language.
		According to Ulster Scots activist Nelson McCausland, growing numbers are showing an interest in the language and more needs to be done to encourage this enthusiasm.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/northern_ireland/450725.stm (459 words)

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