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Topic: Ultra high vacuum

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Vacuum

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	Vacuum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		High vacuum is vacuum where the MFP of residual gases is longer than the size of the chamber or of the object under test.
		Vacuum is often also measured using the barometric scale, or as a percentage of atmospheric pressure in bars or atms.
		Vacuum fluctuations may also be related to the so-called cosmological constant in the theory of gravitation, if indeed this entity were to be observed in nature on a macroscopic scale.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vacuum (4134 words)

	An Introduction to UHV - Ultra High Vacuum
		UHV conditions are generally regarded as being in the region below 10 to the -9 millibar.
		UHV is needed for surface science as molecules in the air will land on a surface and change its properties.
		At this stage, the vacuum chamber is enclosed in heat resistant boards (known as ovens), and baked to a temperature of about 180 Celsius.
	www.uksaf.org /tech/uhv.html (299 words)

	Ultra high vacuum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		UHV is necessary for these applications to reduce surface contamination, by reducing the number of molecules reaching the sample over a given time period.
		Typically, there is no single vacuum pump that can operate all the way from atmospheric pressure to ultra high vacuum.
		UHV pressures are measured with an ion gauge, either a hot filament or an inverted magnetron type.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ultra_high_vacuum (700 words)

	Aluminum Ultra High Vacuum Chambers
		Aluminum has excellent ultra high vacuum (UHV) properties and for many applications aluminum is a superior UHV vacuum chamber material.
		Atlas Technologies manufactures ultra high vacuum (UHV) aluminum vacuum chambers with a thin dense aluminum oxide this serves as a resistive barrier reducing diffusion and desorption of high vacuum and ultra high vacuum contaminates (Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon).
		Extruded aluminum vacuum chambers can be an incredibly economical way to produce complex vacuum chamber geometries such as beam tubes, water cooling or gas channels and cooling or titanium sublimation pump fins...
	atlasuhv.com /products/aluminum_chambers/AluminumVacuumChambers2.php (627 words)

	VacSeal High Vacuum Leak Sealant
		Just remember that VacSeal was formulated to be a vacuum leak sealant, not specifically as an adhesive, but as we have learned over the years, a significant number of our customers are indeed using it as an adhesive.
		Assuming the application is with a UHV (ultra high vacuum) system, and of course, the use of such joints in a UHV system is generally discouraged, in theory it could be used.
		High vacuum joints pose particularly frustrating issues, since the tendency is for the curing to begin at the outside and progress inward.
	www.2spi.com /catalog/vac/vacleak.html (1570 words)

	MRF, Inc Ultra high vacuum multi application furnace
		MRF,Inc. transformers are sized with extra KVA to allow high ramp-up speeds and come with extra secondary voltage taps on the transformer to compensate for aging heating elements.
		The Turbo vacuum pump is controlled by means of a Turbo controller while vacuum measurements are displayed with a Granville Phillips vacuum instrument.
		A type "C" thermocouple is used for the temperature measurement, ionization gauges and vacuum thermocouples measure the vacuum level.
	www.mrf-furnaces.com /usec.htm (651 words)

	☞ vacuum - high vacuum
		A&J Vacuum Services, Inc. is a turbo pump repair and service company specializes in high vacuum equipment such as turbomolecular pumps, dry pumps, and vacuum pumps.
		Ultra high vacuum is that regime of vacuum characterised by pressures lower than about 10-9 torr (0.1...
		High vacuum is vacuum where the MFP of residual gases is...
	www.all-vacuum.info /highvacuum (731 words)

	Ultra high vacuum technology
		The central area, the heart of the interferometer, is a huge optical table placed under ultra high vacuum.
		In addition, to eliminate the water vapor,, all vacuum parts are initially heated at 150 degrees for several days at the beginning of any vacuum cycle.
		The vacuum tubes are located inside tunnels which must be kept very stable over long periods.
	www.ego-gw.it /virgodescription/pag_5.html (217 words)

	4.1 What is Ultra High Vacuum (UHV) ? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Vacuum technology has advanced considerably over the last 25 years and very low pressures are now routinely obtainable.
		Whilst the mbar is often used as a unit of pressure for describing the level of vacuum, the most commonly employed unit is still the Torr.
		Classification of the degree of vacuum is hardly an exact science - it very much depends upon who you are talking to - but as a rough guideline :
	www.chem.qmul.ac.uk /surfaces/scc/scat4_1.htm (180 words)

	Quartz-To-Metal Seal Assemblies
		Optical access to the vacuum environment of this process is essential to determine such data as sample temperature, tolerances of layer thicknesses and composition.
		In the measurement of strain homogeneity, the Bomco UHV windows were homogeneous to within 0.1 degree, while conventional viewports were inhomogeneous by more than 1 degree.
		The open end of the tube is fused to a quartz-to-molybdenum seal that is brazed to the UHV flange.
	www.bomco.com /quartz.htm (479 words)

	ScienceDaily: Browse Topics > Science > Physics > Vacuum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Ultra High Vacuum - Describes what ultra high vacuum (UHV) is, why we need in it, how to get UHV.
		Vacuum Technology and Vacuum Coating Forum - Discuss subjects about vacuum physics, vacuum and coating systems, evaporation coating and sputtering technology.
		Vacuum Technology Developed To Control Insects In Wood (July 28, 2003) -- Virginia Tech wood scientists hope that their vacuum-drying project will benefit wood pallet and container manufacturers and hardwood sawmill businesses across the...
	www.sciencedaily.com /directory/Science/Physics/Vacuum (928 words)

	SAES Getters - SAES Getters’ Ultra-high Vacuum Pumps Support the Successful Touchdown of the Huygens Probe on Titan
		Worldwide market leader in getter components for cathode ray tubes and vacuum tubes, SAES Getters is a key-player in the manufacturing and marketing of advanced solutions for vacuum-maintenance and gas contamination control in a wide range of diversified industrial applications.
		One of the core components of the GCMS instrument, the vacuum pump system had the essential function to maintain the proper operating pressures in the mass spectrometer while atmospheric gas samples or gases eluting from the gas chromatograph were introduced into the ionization regions of the ion sources.
		SAES non-evaporable getter pumps are chemical pumps that exploit chemical reactions to absorb harmful gases from the vacuum chamber.
	www.saesgetters.com /default.aspx?idPage=1018 (826 words)

	Special Ultra-High-Vacuum systems
		This typically means that we work in partnership with the client, and sometimes with one of the large UHV component manufacturers as well, to realise the project in the most cost-effective way.
		Shown below is a custom designed ultra-high vacuum system built primarily for cleaning the surfaces of gallium arsenide semiconductor wafers to electronic standards using a hot-stage and a hydrogen radical beam.
		The anti-backlash drive system used two conventional vacuum rotary drives and supporting gears meshed together by ring gears both inside and outside the vacuum enclosure.
	www.kore.co.uk /sytm.htm (660 words)

	Vacuum technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The behavior of a vacuum system is characterised by the three parameters P (pressure), S (volumetric flow), and Q (gas throughput).
		S is particularly useful, since most pumps are designed to have a constant volumetric flow rate over a wide range of pressures.
		This expression has the form of an 'Ohm's law' for vacuum, where C is like 1/R, P is like volts, and Q is like current.
	photon.physics.ucf.edu /XRAY/Courses/Phy904/Vacuum/Vacuum.htm (1437 words)

	News - MKS Introducing New Ultra-High Vacuum Valve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The new UHV Valves are available in angle and offset inline configurations for sizes NW 25 and 40.
		MKS Instruments, Inc. is a global supplier of the broadest range of instruments, components and subsystems for vacuum and gas-based manufacturing processes.
		Vacuum products include HPS® vacuum components, valves, gauges, heaters and traps in addition to a complete line of process-specific Integrated Component Subsystems™ for manufacturing productivity enhancement.
	www.mksinst.com /PRuhv.html (299 words)

	5.5.3 Ultra High Vacuum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		To achieve pressures this low, cyropumps or ion pumps in series with mechanical pumps are used.
		However, the system must be pumped to low high vacuum pressure before these pumps can be operated, and their pumping speed is comparatively low.
		Ultra high vacuum also requires other specialized techniques, such as metal-metal connections and high temperature baking of system components to eliminate adsorbed residual gas.
	www.dsbscience.com /freepubs/forensic_intern/node56.html (64 words)

	Scientific Equipment - Ultra-High Vacuum Chambers
		Keeping ultra-high vacuum under severe environmental conditions places special challenges on design and construction.
		INVAP has made vacuum chambers of very different sizes and calls, ranging from surface science studies to very large industrial chambers for freeze-drying commercial bulk foodstuffs.
		This gigantic 1 bar vacuum chamber, built by INVAP, belongs to a foodstuff freeze-drying company in Patagonia and has an output of 80 yearly tons of produce
	www.invap.net /der/equip/vacuum_chambers_e.html (190 words)

	Ultra high vacuum sputtering system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Our ultra high vacuum (UHV) sputtering system has four magnetron sources that accept 2 inch diameter targets.
		The system may be baked to 200 ¡C during which time the pole pieces are removed from the guns.
		The system can be used to fabricate an enormous variety of materials including multilayers, spin-valves, tunnel junctions, amorphous alloys and granular materials.
	newton.ex.ac.uk /research/magnetism2/vacuum.html (119 words)

	high vacuum system
		Part of LACO Technologies' High Vacuum Chamber Series, our Series VHE vertical high vacuum chambers are the most economical high vacuum chamber on the market.
		Constructed with a glass bead blast finished stainless steel body and lid with an L gasket seal, these vertical cylindrical vacuum chambers are ideal for a variety of general vacuum applications.
		The chambers are helium leak tested and guaranteed for vacuum performance down to 1x 10-6 torr with the appropriate vacuum pumps.
	www.lacotech.com /high_vacuum_system.html (122 words)

	SAES Getters - Brookhaven National Laboratory Chooses SAES Getters’ Ultra-high Vacuum Technology
		The worldwide market leader in getter components for cathode ray tubes and vacuum tubes, SAES Getters is a technology forerunner of getter solutions for ultra-high vacuum (UHV) applications, including particle accelerators.
		The technique of sputtering NEG thin films for use as vacuum pumping for particle accelerators was originally developed and patented by CERN in Geneva, to meet specific requirements of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) project.
		It is achieved by depositing a sputtered NEG film about 1 micron thick onto the vacuum chamber, thus providing a very effective barrier to the gas species which would otherwise desorb from the chamber surface.
	www.saesgetters.com /default.aspx?idPage=1036 (1090 words)

	Ultra High Vacuum Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		When you don't trust others to clean your vacuum components, you have to improvise your own vacuum degreaser in a fume hood, as seen in these two pictures.
		Life with UHV systems means that you have to live with your nearest neighbor's own system.
		Building and maintaining also requires disassempling UHV systems, e.g., assisting Mark Ellison in driving for the last time the Winnebego in the Zare Lab.
	www.hri.org /~thanost/uhv.html (227 words)

	Scientific Equipment - Ultra High Vacuum Chambers
		INVAP has designed and built several custom-made Ultra High Vacuum Chambers for scientific use.
		Front and Upper view of Ultra High Vacuum Chamber.
		This particular chamber helped North Carolina State researchers to grow high temperature ferroelectric thin films, and the result of their investigation was a breaktrough type film extensively employed in the first “smart cards”, commercial products based on ferroelectric memories.
	www.invap.net /der/equip/uhv_rd_e.html (153 words)

	Vacuum Grease - for a high vacuum seal
		Vacuum Grease - for a high vacuum seal
		It is stable under high vacuum and has a temperature range of -63°C to 232°C (below 80°F to >499°F).
		Standard Braycote 803 has nearly the same specifications and does withstand high temperatures and is used for hard vacuum.
	www.tedpella.com /vacuum_html/grease.htm (178 words)

	Amptektron MD-502 Electron and Ion Detector for Ultra-High Vacuum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It is configured in a pulse counting mode and operates from a single low voltage supply.
		MD-502 is designed for direct applications in the field of mass spectrometer, laboratory and research experiments, vacuum process monitoring and beam diagnosis, particularly in systems requiring ultra-high vacuum operation.
		It requires three high voltage connections to the UHV CEM.
	www.amptek.com /md502.html (298 words)

	High Vacuum Pump - BOC Edwards Turbomolecular Pumps
		BOC Edwards turbomolecular pumps are multistage axial flow turbines capable of achieving high to ultra-high vacuum levels.
		The turbo inlet is typically connected directly to the vacuum chamber and the exhaust is fed into the backing pump.
		The EXT series use ceramic rotor bearings and are primarily used in the scientific applications such as mass spectrometry, surface analysis, electron microscopy, high energy physics and RandD.
	www.bocedwards.com /vacuum/turbo_pumps/high-vacuum-pump.cfm (302 words)

	Ultra-High-Vacuum Chamber for Environmental-Fatigue Testing
		This paper describes an ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) chamber for environmental fatigue crack growth tests.
		The main components of this testing device are the working chamber, where the test is conducted, the gas entry lines, and the quadrupole chamber, which is used for analyzing the environment.
		As an example of the performance of the system, novel results are reported of crack growth rates in an aluminum alloy (AA7017-T651) when tested in high vacuum, pure oxygen, and at different water vapor pressures.
	www.astm.org /JOURNALS/TESTEVAL/PAGES/127.htm (138 words)

	HIGH AND ULTRA HIGH VACUUM VALVES
		DVM angle and inline valves are designed for long life with a minimum of maintainance.
		The features described below are incorporated into all high and ultra high vacuum valves.
		All surfaces exposed to vacuum are electropolished 304 stainless steel with the exception of the bellows shaft seals which are 300 series stainless steel
	www.dvmanufacturing.com /catphp/catpg68.php (207 words)

	UHV COPPER GASKETS-FOR ULTRA HIGH VACUUM
		ULTRA-VAC* UHV copper gaskets are manufactured from select, half-hard,.080" thick certified OFHC copper.
		This specially ordered material has been found to be particularly well suited for UHV gasket applications.
		Premium quality CVG series gaskets are shipped clean and vacuum packed in packages of 10.
	www.dvmanufacturing.com /catphp/catpg10.php (78 words)

	Ultra-high vacuum system
		A conventional vacuum system has been modified to enable an ultra-high vacuum to be obtained in a large volume.
		A liquid nitrogen trap, situated part way up a tall glass vacuum vessel, isolates the working space from the rest of the system.
		Thus, the trap and the working space being seal free may be baked at 425° C. The rest of the system uses demountable indium metal seals and is exhausted by a 9 in.
	stacks.iop.org /0950-7671/39/26 (248 words)

	Ultra-High Vacuum Positioning - Thermionics Vacuum Products
		For most applications, the instrument hardware is mounted outside the vacuum chamber, with a welded bellows providing a flexible vacuum curtain.
		The X axis passes in front of the vertical, mechanical structure, or "backframe", with the Y axis moving to and away from the backframe.
		The Z axis is perpendicular to the X and Y and moves up and down directly against the vacuum pressure differential.
	www.thermionics.com /uhv_pos.htm (472 words)

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