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Topic: Ultramafic

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	Ultramafic rock
		Volcanic ultramafic rocks are rare outside of the Archaean and are essentially restricted to the Neoproterozoic or earlier, although some boninite lavas verge on being ultramafic.
		The majority of ultramafic rocks are exposed in orogenic belts, and predominate in Archaean and Proterozoic terranes.
		Where ultramafic rocks (in particular, the types which have low amounts of nutrient elements such as calcium, potassium and phosphorus) are exposed on the surface, the high metal content of the rocks creates unique vegetation.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2Fen%2FUltramafic (505 words)

	Ultramafic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ultramafic rocks are igneous rocks with very low silica content (less than 45%) and are composed of usually greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content).
		Ultramafic rocks are typical of the Earth's mantle.
		Examples are the Ultramafic woodlands and Ultramafic barrens of the Appalachian mountains and piedmont, the "wet maquis" of the New Caledonia rain forests, and the Ultramafic forests of Mount Kinabalu and other peaks in Sabah, Malaysia.
	www.abcworld.net /Ultramafic.html (186 words)

	North Cascades Geology: Rocks and Minerals
		Ultramafic rocks are of relatively small extent in the North Cascades, but are geologically significant because they are derived from the Earth’s mantle.
		Because ultramafic rocks are generally found in relatively small masses--fist- to house-sized--in a variety of other rocks, geologists used to think that the ultramafics invaded the other rocks as magma, that is, that they were intrusive igneous rocks.
		By the time most ultramafic materials reach the Earth’s surface, they are commonly metamorphosed at lower temperatures to green serpentine minerals, which are iron and magnesium-rich silicate minerals with water bound up in the crystal; lattice.
	www2.nature.nps.gov /geology/usgsnps/noca/nocageol2a.html (681 words)

	Ultramafic forest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The structure of an ultramafic forest depends on its elevation (i.e.
		Ultramafic forests are very important places to be protected because the plants in them are very special and unique.
		In Sabah, protected ultramafic forests can be found on Mt. Kinabalu, Mt. Tawai near Telupid, and Mt. Silam and Mt. Danum near Lahad Datu (on the East Coast).
	www.sabah.gov.my /htan_frc/web%20proper/Student%20Zone/Level%202/Forest%20types/ultramafic.htm (143 words)

	Natural Communities of Virginia - Terrestrial System - Low-elevation Dry & Dry-Mesic Forests & Woodlands: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ultramafic Woodlands, along with the closely related Ultramafic Barrens, are the only terrestrial communities documented in Virginia that grow in soils with Ca:Mg ratios < 1.
		These ultramafic woodlands are extremely rare in Virginia and globally.
		A remnant ultramafic woodland on talc-chlorite-tremolite schist in Franklin County.
	www.dcr.virginia.gov /dnh/ncTIIIl.htm (432 words)

	Gymnosperms of New Caledonia
		Ultramafic substrates are uncommon on a global scale, but they are widespread in some areas, such as in parts of California, Cuba and Turkey.
		In most areas the plants growing on ultramafic soils are the same as those growing nearby on typical (silicate) soils, but they grow with less vigor and at lower concentrations on ultramafics.
		Some ultramafic areas develop races of ultramafic-tolerant plants, and some areas have a few species that are so well adapted that they outcompete other species on ultramafic substrates, but it is relatively ununsual to find species that grow only on ultramafics.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/earle/topics/nctrees.htm (819 words)

	Lee & ReevesóGrowth of two Celmisia spp. on ultramafic soil
		Growth and chemical composition of Celmisia spedenii, an ultramafic endemic, and Celmisia markii on ultramafic soil and garden loam
		Concentrations of Ni, Cr, and Mg in plants on ultramafic soil were at least double those found in plants on garden loam; and both species showed similar uptake patterns for these elements on the two soils.
		Ultramafic tolerance in C. spedenii seems to involve greater nutrient uptake rather than exclusion of potentially toxic heavy metals, although the former may be a way of offsetting the effects of the latter.
	www.rsnz.org /publish/nzjb/1989/57.php (207 words)

	Coarse-Grained Ultramafic Rocks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ultramafic rocks are dominated by olivine or olivine and pyroxene.
		Many ultramafic rocks found on the surface in fact were brought up from the mantle by rising bodies of magma that erupted on the surface.
		An ultramafic made almost entirely of pure olivine is called dunite.
	www.pitt.edu /~cejones/GeoImages/2IgneousRocks/IgneousCompositions/1Ultramafic.html (97 words)

	Mafic and Ultramafic rocks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This is actually a pretty rare occurrence, and would lead us to believe that mafic and ultramafic rocks should be fairly uncommon.
		This stuff is presumed to originate in the upper mantle, and represent what is left behind after the differentiation process separated out basaltic magma at spreading centers.
		This stuff (the ultramafics) is relatively heavy, really doesn't want to be anywhere near the upper crust, and must require some pretty intense (and unusual) forces to get it exposed at the surface.
	jersey.uoregon.edu /%7Emstrick/AskGeoMan/geoQuerry23.html (399 words)

	Avalon Development Corporation - Fairbanks Alaska - Mineral Exploration Experts
		These composite plutonic complexes are highly variable in age and their associated igneous rocks range from granitic to mafic to ultramafic.
		Ophiolitic complexes originate at ocean ridge spreading centers and are commonly composed of a basal unit consisting of differentiated ultramafic and mafic rocks overlain by sheeted mafic dikes which are in turn overlain by submarine basaltic lava flows often associated with deep-water marine cherts.
		Ural-Alaska type complexes are mafic to ultramafic plutonic bodies that commonly are associated with basal portions of Mesozoic volcanic arc terranes.
	www.avalonalaska.com /pge.htm (1626 words)

	Lab 6: Ultramafic and mafic igneous rocks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Concentrate on hand samples and thin sections during the remaining lab time and answer questions 1-5 outside the lab.
		An understanding of the chemical and mineralogical constituents of ultramafic and mafic rocks
		List the three most common chemical constituents (as oxides) in ultramafic rocks and, therefore, the most common minerals found in ultramafic rocks.
	www.eos.ubc.ca /courses/eosc221/labs/lab6.html (350 words)

	ultramafic - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Ultramafic rocks are composed almost exclusively of mafic minerals.
		- ultramafic rock: a rock of ultramafic composition
		Weapons of the Future on the Discovery Channel
	encarta.msn.com /ultramafic.html (78 words)

	Ultramafic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The word "ultramafic" uses 10 letters: A A C F I L M R T U.
		Adding one letter to ultramafic does not form any other word in this word list.
		Words within ultramafic not shown as it has more than seven letters.
	www.morewords.com /word/ultramafic (189 words)

	Crystocrystalline Ultramafic-hosted Magnesite Veins - Mineral Deposit Profiles, B.C. Geological Survey
		AGE OF MINERALIZATION: Post-date ultramafic hostrock that is Archean to Paleogene in age.
		ALTERATION MINERALOGY: Ultramafic rocks hosting magnesite are typically, but not always, intensely serpentinised.
		COMMENTS: Stockworks and adjacent ultramafic hostrock are capped in some cases by sediments that may contain nodular magnesite concretions or magnesite/hydromagnesite layers and/or dolomite, quartz or chert.
	www.em.gov.bc.ca /Mining/Geolsurv/MetallicMinerals/MineralDepositProfiles/Profiles/I17.htm (802 words)

	Geoscience Australia: Proterozoic mafic-ultramafic magmatic events: Implications for nickel mineralisation.
		To assist nickel explorers, Geoscience Australia has published a new 1:3 500 000 colour map A Synthesis of Australian Proterozoic Mafic-Ultramafic Magmatic Events.
		The map, for the first time, summarises the major known Proterozoic mafic and ultramafic magmatic events and associated mineral deposits in Western Australia.
		The major objective of this presentation is to promote the applications of this particular map which should be of interest to those involved in the metallogenesis of mafic-ultramafic rocks, or the study of Proterozoic provinces in Western Australia.
	www.ga.gov.au /minerals/research/pubs/presentations/MUM_ni_mineralisation.jsp (223 words)

	Ultramafic boudin in Milford Gneiss (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		See orange-brown garnet shape, indicating the ultramafic rocks, above the lake.
		This photograph was reproduced in fl-and-white in an article by Peter Blattner in GSNZ Newsletter 126, p.
		The ultramafic pods did not show up well in monochrome, so the photograph is reproduced here in colour.
	www.gsnz.org.nz /gs_archive/gsprbl.htm (70 words)

	A Floristic and Ecological Analysis at the Tulameen Ultramafic (serpentine) Complex - UBC Botanical Garden Forums
		Abstract: While distinct floristic and ecological patterns have been reported for ultramafic (serpentine) sites in California and Oregon, those of British Columbia are muted which is thought to be related to the moderating influence of increased precipitation, a short time since glaciation, and the presence of non-ultramafic glacial till over ultramafic sites.
		Ultramafic soils support 28% of the local species richness and host more rare taxa than non-ultramafic soils.
		Many species show patterns of local restriction to or exclusion from ultramafic soil habitats.
	www.ubcbotanicalgarden.org /forums/showthread.php?t=1853 (251 words)

	ultramafic rock concept from the Meteorites knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		ultramafic rock concept from the Meteorites knowledge base
		rock > igneous rock > plutonic rock > ultramafic rock
		Next plutonic rock: granite Up: plutonic rock Previous plutonic rock: quartz-alkali feldspar
	www.csi.uottawa.ca:4321 /meteorites/ultramaficrock.html (38 words)

	Ultramafic Rocks Thin Section Set
		Enhance Your Ultramafic Studies with This Special Petrographic Resource
		Due to the growing demand and interest in ultramafic rocks, we’ve prepared a set of twelve thin sections to match our Ultramafic Rock Collection.
		Each slide has been selected to illustrate the key textural and compositional features of ultramafic rocks.
	www.wardsci.com /product.asp?pn=IG0017117 (113 words)

	Geochemical comparison of mafic, felsic, and ultramafic rocks in the Hurricane Mountain melange to the Boil Mountain ...
		Geochemical comparison of mafic, felsic, and ultramafic rocks in the Hurricane Mountain melange to the Boil Mountain ophiolite complex, west-central Maine.
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		Author: Beane, Rachel J. The Hurricane Mountain melange, Maine, marks the suture zone between the suspected Boundary Mountain and Gander terranes.
	www.highbeam.com /doc/1G1-94126370.html (183 words)

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