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Topic: Ultrasonic Imaging

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	PortaScan 007, Ultrasonic Imaging System - Portable
		The PortaScan 007 Ultrasonic Imaging System is perhaps the easiest to use C Scan imaging system available today.
		So long as the user can calibrate an ultrasonic instrument for a desired test we have done everything possible to simplify the acquisition process.
		The 3-D imaging mode features a "topographical" view of the scanned material volume enhanced by perspective visual compensation (geometric) and hidden line format.
	www.ndtsystems.com /Imaging_Systems/PortaScan_007/portascan_007.html (1158 words)

	Fundamentals of Ultrasonic Imaging and Flaw Detection - Tutorial - Development Library - National Instruments
		Ultrasonic beam refraction and mode conversion is comparable to light as it passes from one medium to another.
		As the angle of the ultrasonic transducer is altered, refraction and mode conversion occur.
		For example, when ultrasonic waves are passed from water to steel, the acoustical impedance is approximately 20 to 1; whereas, when ultrasonic waves are passed from air to steel, the acoustical impedance is approximately 100,000 to 1.
	zone.ni.com /devzone/conceptd.nsf/webmain/9C095AAD3B60597386256FC60071AAD6 (1412 words)

	PRACTICAL CLINICAL ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSIS (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ultrasonic Imaging Diagnosis of Diseases of the Suprarenal Gland
		Ultrasonic Imaging Diagnosis of the Diseases of the Ureter
		Utrasonic Imaging Diagnosis of the Diseases of the Scrotum
	www.worldscibooks.com /lifesci/3340.html (286 words)

	Analysis and optimization of ultrasonic imaging methods for inhomogeneous structures
		Ultrasonic non-destructive testing automation and digital control ensures reliability, increases the speed of testing, and allows 2- and 3-dimensional images to be acquired.
		Although ultrasonic imaging is popular for visualisation of defects within composite materials, its application to certain types of composites produces unsatisfactory results if conventional methods are used.
		Ultrasonic data acquisition was performed from two opposite sides of the plate in order to reveal the differences in the obtained images.
	www.ndt.net /article/wsho0597/linas/linas.htm (4330 words)

	Ultrasonic harmonic imaging system and method - Patent 5740128 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The invention of claim 35 wherein the filter is adapted to reduce ultrasonic energy in the transmit waveform at the harmonic of the fundamental frequency by at least -40 dB with respect to the fundamental frequency.
		The invention of claim 37 wherein ultrasonic power in the transmit waveform at the harmonic of the fundamental frequency is reduced by at least -40 dB with respect to ultrasonic power in the transit waveform at the fundamental frequency.
		Ultrasonic energy radiated by the nonlinear contrast agent 20 at the harmonic frequency is received by the transducer array 16, focused by the receive beamformer 22, and displayed as an image by a display processor (not shown).
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5740128.html (6851 words)

	Contrast agents for ultrasonic imaging - Patent 4718433
		Recently, there have been advances in techniques for ultrasonically imaging various parts of the body; these techniques when applied to the heart in particular are known as "echocardiography." An ultrasonic scanner is used to generate and receive sound waves.
		The ultrasonic waves 18 are reflected by the various portions of the heart region 16 and are received by the generating transducer and processed in accordance with pulse-echo methods known in the art.
		The cross-section imaged by such scanners is therefore approximately rectangular in shape, its width being determined by the line spacing and total number of lines, while its depth is determined by the penetration range of the ultrasound energy into the tissue.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4718433.html (3623 words)

	Ultrasonic Sound
		Ultrasonic sound can be produced by transducers which operate either by the piezoelectric effect or the magnetostrictive effect.
		The application of the basic ideas of imaging (e.g., the Rayleigh criterion) suggests that the resolution of any imaging process is limited by diffraction to a dimension similar to the wavelength of the wave used for the imaging process.
		The piezoelectric material which has had the widest application as an ultrasonic transducer for medical diagnostic applications is lead zirconate titanate, commonly referred to as PZT, a shortened form of the chemical symbols PbZrTi.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/sound/usound.html (659 words)

	Ultrasound Imaging and Tomography
		The method is based on the fact that, for an ultrasonic frequency defined by the porous medium properties, the transmission of an ultrasonic signal through a porous material increases with increasing permeability.
		The ultrasonic imaging technique developed here is based on the evidence that, for an ultrasonic frequency defined by the porous medium properties, the degree of attenuation of an ultrasonic signal through a porous material decreases with increasing permeability.
		The innovative application of ultrasonic imaging employed here brings the study of optically inaccessible heterogeneous combustion into a new perspective, where new insight into the mechanisms controlling smoldering combustion is revealed via visualization of evolving material properties.
	www.me.berkeley.edu /mcl/usound.html (1237 words)

	Nondestructive Testing of Fusion Joints of Polyethylene Piping by Real Time Ultrasonic Imaging
		The testing method is ultrasonic array technology in which ultrasound array pulses insonify test specimen for imaging the cross section of test specimen such as electrofusion joints.
		The ultrasonic imaging technique is a very promising method for the nondestructive testing of fusion joint in polyethylene pipes.
		In the use of ultrasonic waves to inspect the electrofusion joint, the most difficult challenge was to distinguish the wound heating wire at the joint interface from the joint failure.
	www.ndt.net /article/v10n03/shin/shin.htm (1981 words)

	Idaho National Laboratory - Physics - Linear Elastic Wave Imaging
		A laser imaging approach has been developed at the INL that utilizes the adaptive property of photorefractive materials to produce a real-time measurement of the anti-symmetric Lamb or flexural traveling wave mode displacement and phase.
		A powerful method for imaging ultrasonic motion has been developed at the INL that utilizes the photorefractive effect in optically nonlinear materials to perform adaptive interferometry.
		This article describes application of this approach, described in the INL Laser Ultrasonic Camera Factsheet, to imaging of traveling anti-symmetric Lamb or flexural waves in plates for determining anisotropic elastic properties of materials produced by microstructural texture and by the external application of stress.
	www.inl.gov /physics/nlo/imaging.shtml (1466 words)

	MIPS Seminar Series
		Ultrasonic imaging, on the contrary, furnishes good image resolution but has strong speckle artifacts as well as poor contrast in early-stage tumors.
		Molecular imaging is more than taking pictures; when we give a patient a dose of radiation, we accept an obligation to get the most possible information from that dose and this often requires a dynamic imaging protocol.
		Ultrasonic molecular imaging is unique in that the effective application of these agents depends not only on the surface chemistry, but also on the applied ultrasound field.
	mips.stanford.edu /public/mi_seminar.adp (1838 words)

	Algorithms Used In Military Radar Systems Have Potential To Improve Medical Ultrasonic Imaging
		Used in the Gulf War, the imaging algorithms developed by Mehrdad Soumekh, Ph.D., associate professor of electrical engineering in the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, produce high-resolution maps that enable users to pick out targets hidden in dense foliage or in crowded urban environments.
		Because of the high-speed nature of their measurement system, the imaging algorithms could make ultrasonic imaging up to 200 times faster than current commercial ultrasound systems without a tradeoff in resolution, an important issue in imaging dynamic targets, such as the human heart.
		By contrast, his proposed system for diagnostic ultrasonic imaging is based on a fundamental theory in optics that says that it is not necessary to create images through the conventional point-by-point method.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1999-05/UaB-AUIM-050599.php (780 words)

	Ultrasonic Imaging and Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluaiton of the Hearts of Patients by James G
		Ultrasonic Imaging and Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluaiton of the Hearts of Patients by James G
		However, quantitative ultrasonic evaluation based on the physics of the interaction of ultrasound with tissue (often described by the term tissue characterization) is relatively limited in comparison with the rather sophisticated approaches developed for QNDE.
		Specific investigations include ultrasonic characterization of the hearts of patients suffering heart attacks that were treated with either thrombolytic (clot-dissolving) agents or angioplasly to open diseased coronary arteries.
	www.cnde.iastate.edu /QNDEDatabase/Vol.14B/p1741-1748.html (2821 words)

	VCU Engineering \| Biomedical Engineering \| Ultrasonic Imaging and Cardiovascular Hemodynamics
		The major research interest of this laboratory is the development of new ultrasonic imaging techniques for the study of cardiovascular dynamics.
		The aim of this research is to develop an angle independent Doppler color imaging (AIDCI) technique using a multibeam method and to use this technique to study the hemodynamic features of several major vessels.
		Kraft, K.A., Fei, D.Y., and Fatouros, P.P.: Quantitative phase-velocity MR imaging of in-plane laminar flow: effect of fluid velocity, vessel diameter, and slice thickness.
	www.egr.vcu.edu /bme/research/bme-uich.html (505 words)

	National Cancer Institute - Infrastructure on Improved Imaging Methods
		A very strong consensus was reached among the workshop participants that the development of these interfaces would markedly advance: (a) the development of new clinical applications of ultrasound, (b) ultrasonic scanner and transducer technology, and (c) the utility of ultrasonic imaging in small animal pre-clinical models and other basic biological research applications.
		That funding be directed towards partnerships between ultrasonic scanner manufacturers and academic/research institutions to interactively create and evaluate the research interfaces and to develop the accompanying user manuals.
		Experimental studies of harmonic imaging require the control of the intensity, timing, and polarity of ultrasonic pulses, as described in the proposed research interface specifications.
	imaging.cancer.gov /reportsandpublications/ReportsandPresentations/UltrasoundImagingInfrastructureonImprovedImagingMethods (3324 words)

	Imaging Science Research
		Digital Imaging Restoration laboratory applies digital imaging algorithms and technologies to clarify ancient documents, including text written on and within clay tablet, or parchment and papyrus such as the Dead Sea Scrolls.
		Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing focuses on imaging the earth's environment in the visible, near infrared, and thermal infrared spectral regions.
		Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an imaging technique used primarily in medical settings to produce high quality images of the inside of the human body.
	www.cis.rit.edu /research (249 words)

	An example Ellipsoidal Backprojection ultrasonic imaging machine—the Impulse 4D:
		These capabilities will greatly increase the usefulness of the ultrasonic imaging to doctors (who are generally not present at the time of the examination).
		The ultrasonic scan head is similar in outward appearance to conventional ultrasonic scan heads, and it is used precisely in the same way.
		For the cardiology product, the scan head form and the imaging geometry will be modified to allow imaging of the heart from beneath the sternum and other anatomical apertures.
	www.impulseimaging.net /imp3d.html (824 words)

	Publications, Presentations, Patent
		S.Y. Emelianov, T.L. Chenevert, A.R. Skovoroda, M.A. Lubinski, and M. O’Donnell, "Reconstructive elasticity imaging using ultrasound and NMR scanners," Abstract of the 22nd Ultrasonic Imaging and Tissue Characterization Symposium, Ultrasonic Imaging, 19, pp.
		S.Y. Emelianov, J.M. Rubin, M.A. Lubinski, A.R. Skovoroda, and M. O’Donnell, "Elasticity imaging of the liver: Is hemangioma hard or soft?" Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2, pp.
		N.A. Cohn, S.Y. Emelianov, M.A. Lubinski, and M. O’Donnell, "Displacement and strain imaging for an elasticity microscope," Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2, pp.
	www.eecs.umich.edu /~emelian/publications.html (1593 words)

	LLNL Engineering Center for Nondestructive Characterization
		Our goal is to be able to quantitatively evaluate physical properties such as microstructure, density, elemental and molecular composition, mechanical properties, stress state, geometry, thermal properties and radioactive assay in three dimensions as a function of time.
		A significant accomplishment of the Center during the past year was to create a vision for mesoscale imaging that is widely accessible (tabletop) for practical use, and to pull together a multidisciplinary team for a strategic initiative in this area (see below).
		Notable are a short course on x-ray imaging at UCLA, and an invited chapter on radiology for a textbook on NDE.
	www-eng.llnl.gov /ctr_ndc.html (480 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Geo-Referenced Digital Imaging and Ultrasonic Altitude Sensing for Agricultural Aircraft -- ...
		To be successful, pilot controls and instruments for these imaging systems must be simple to use with minimal pilot intervention required.
		Preliminary evaluations using an inexpensive commercial ultrasonic sensor on agricultural aircraft are presented, along with a discussion of future research requirements.
		For a second remote sensing application, preliminary data are presented for an ultrasonic altitude sensor, to be used in aerial spray application research.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=124702&pf=1 (404 words)

	3D ultrasound device poised to advance minimally invasive surgery
		The researchers reported their advance in the latest issue of the journal Ultrasonic Imaging, which was issued in late March 2006, but dated July 2005.
		However, the two-dimensional ultrasound imaging now available offers surgeons only a limited view, which can impede their depth perception and make such procedures difficult to master.
		The laparoscopic ultrasound probes have so far been applied only to heart imaging, in which they may be particularly useful for monitoring heart function during minimally invasive cardiac surgery, Smith said.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-03/du-3ud033006.php (709 words)

	Ultrasonic Waves in Water Visualized With Schlieren Imaging
		The current areas of work on this project include phased-array ultrasonic beam steering, acoustic intensity measurements, and schlieren imaging of the ultrasonic waves.
		To visualize the ultrasonic field, we decided to use a schlieren imaging system because it is a well-established technique for visualizing density gradients.
		Since the ultrasonic beam produces pressure gradients in the water, the water’s index of refraction is changed slightly.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/RT1999/7000/7715juergens.html (446 words)

	NDT Inspection and Testing \| Non Invasive, Saferad Radiography, Ultrasonic Imaging. NDT
		In the oil and gas industry we work for the likes of BP, Britannia, Chevron, Dow, Enterprise, Lloyds, Reliance, Repsol, Shell and Texaco and in the chemical and pharmaceutical sector for companies like Dow, EVC, Ineos and Kimberly-Clark.
		Our repertoire of services includes the full spectrum of conventional techniques such as radiographic, ultrasonic, eddy current, penetrant and magnetic particle testing to more specialised methods such as Time of Flight Diffraction, high resolution ultrasonic imaging and digital radiography.
		In addition to these non-invasive inspection techniques, many of which can be applied 'on stream', we also offer a range of complementary tube testing services which include remote visual, IRIS ultrasonic and eddy current methods.
	www.ndt-inspection.co.uk (473 words)

	Frontiers in Ultrasonic Imaging for Cancer Diagnosis
		Ultrasonic imaging is now being widely used to diagnose cancer but current research has the potential to extend the utility of ultrasonic imaging in this application.
		The present use of ultrasonic imaging takes advantage of the nonionizing nature of low level acoustic waves, different mechanical properties of soft tissues, and advances in instrumentation.
		Available results demonstrate the promise of this research to extend ultrasonic technology to improved diagnosis as well as treatment monitoring in the area cancer.
	www.brl.uiuc.edu /rot/Waag.php (149 words)

	Mostafa Fatemi Bibliography
		Ultrasonic b-scan imaging: theory of image formation and a technique for restoration.
		Achieving high resolution and long depth of field in ultrasonic b-mode images-a comparative study of restoration and multiple focusing techniques.
		Imaging of Complex Media with Acoustic and Seismic Waves, chapter Imaging the viscoelastic properties of tissue.
	mayoresearch.mayo.edu /mayo/research/ultrasound/fatemi_bib.cfm (492 words)

	ultrasonics
		Ultrasonic temperature imaging, however, has not yet been demonstrated in live animals...
		I've seen the ultrasonic transducers in Digi-Key http://www.digikey.com/ and Mouser http://www.mouser.com but I haven't seen the 6500 interface board from these mail-order places.
		Ultrasonic Circuits http://4qdtec.com/ultra.html Some nice ultrasonic transmitter and receiver circuits (as GIF files).
	www.rdrop.com /~cary/html/ultrasonic.html (7718 words)

	Single-Transducer, Ultrasonic Imaging Method for High-Temperature Structural Materials
		Advantages of the method over conventional ultrasonic imaging include (1) elimination of machining costs (for precision thickness control) during the quality control stages of material processing and development and (2) elimination of labor costs and subjectivity involved in further image processing and image interpretation.
		Conventional ultrasonic imaging versus thickness-independent ultrasonic imaging for silicon nitride monolithic ceramic with pore fraction variations and 10-percent thickness variation.
		Roth, D.J.: Using a Single Transducer Ultrasonic Imaging Method to Eliminate the Effect of Thickness Variation in the Images of Ceramic and Composite Plates.
	www.lerc.nasa.gov /WWW/RT1997/5000/5920roth.htm (415 words)

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