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Topic: Uluburun

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	Uluburun Shipwreck - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Uluburun Shipwreck is a well-documented ancient shipwreck of the Late Bronze Age period, discovered off the southern Turkish coastline on the Mediterranean Sea near the city of Kaş in the early 1980s, and recovered using techniques of underwater excavation in 11 consecutive campaigns of 3-4 months duration each between 1984 and 1994.
		The excavation of the Uluburun wreck was directed by George Bass of the Institute of Nautical Archaeology between 1984 and 1994.
		Sherratt, "Circulation of metals and the end of the Bronze Age in the Eastern Mediterranean", in: C F E Pare (ed.) Circulation of Metals in Bronze Age Europe, Oxford 2000, pp.82 ff.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Uluburun_Shipwreck (638 words)

	[No title]
		The discovery of the Uluburun diptych, which is contemporary with Hittite activities in the region, was therefore particularly welcome and generated great excitement among scholars.
		In both cases, at Nimrud as well as Uluburun, we owe the survival to the silt and water-logged conditions in which the writing boards were found.
		The Cilician port city of Ura, east of Uluburun, was an important maritime outlet for the Hittites, and the activities of the merchants of Ura are well documented in the Ugarit and Hattusa records.
	www.haayal.co.il /thread?rep=13010 (1087 words)

	Uluburun Wreck in underwater archeaology museum at Bodrum in Turkey
		Uluburun Excavations lasted 11 summer campaigns during which 22.400 dives were accomplished by the underwater archaeologist under the direction of Cemal Pulak.
		Uluburun ship laid on a steep slope having its stern at 44 meters depth while its bow at 52 meters.
		It is suggested that this seal was on the Uluburun ship and among the golden, silver and electrum objects not during her ruling years but later.
	www.guidebodrum.com /uluburun_wreck.htm (909 words)

	Turkey - yachting and sailing events - Turkey yacht regatta
		The Uluburun wreck is considered one of the most significant discoveries of the past century.
		Uluburun II, as we call the replica, was built by a technique known as the "shell-first method", which involves building up the planks first, then frames without nails.
		Uluburun II was launched on March 02, 2005.
	www.srmtravel.com /events-yachting-sailing.html (702 words)

	Bodrum museum - the ship wreck of Uluburun
		Of the 354 complete copper oxhide ingots and 121 bun ingots found on the Uluburun wreck, 81 were cleaned, drawn, recorded, and examined between June and November of 1995, bringing the total that have been studied to date to 180.
		Particular attention was devoted to the modification of the oxhide ingot typology first established by H. Buchholz, and later modified by G.F. Bass in his study of the 34 examples from the Cape Gelidonya shipwreck.
		On the Uluburun bun ingots, these marks are always single marks on their lower, or smoother mold sides.
	www.bodrumpages.com /English/uluburun.html (1141 words)

	INA Quarterly 21-4
		Therefore, the Uluburun ship must have sunk sometime during the range of dates suggested for the scarab or, considering the signs of extensive wear on the scarab, somewhat later.
		Acknowledgements: The final excavation campaign at Uluburun was generously funded by the INA Board of Directors, Texas AandM University, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the Institute for Aegean Prehistory without whose unwavering help over the years, the project could not have been brought to such a successful conclusion.
		In Bodrum, Uluburun Ends continued to be conserved under the guidance of INA staff conservator Jane Pannell by Gunes Ozbay and Gulser Sinaci, and volunteers Wadeea Boutros, Franca Cole, Margot Healey, Mohammed Moselhy, and Emily Williams.
	ina.tamu.edu /QUARTER/ulub.htm (4721 words)

	Uluburun Shipwreck Excavation
		The Institute of Nautical Archaeology's (INA) shipwreck excavation between 1984 and 1994 at Uluburun, near Kas in southern Turkey, brought to light one of the wealthiest and largest known assemblages of Late Bronze Age items found in the Mediterranean.
		The shipwreck lay on a steep rocky slope at a depth of 44 to 52 m, with artifacts scattered down to 61 m.
		C. Pulak and G.F. Bass, A Uluburun, @ in, G.F. Bass, Shipwrecks in the Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology (Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology Publications 3, Ankara 1996), pp.
	ina.tamu.edu /ub_main.htm (2689 words)

	uluburun: dendrochronological dating
		Rutter, who is studying the Mycenaean pottery from Uluburun for publication, notes the chronological homogeneity of the assemblage and dates it to the LH IIIA:2 period.
		The evidence indicates a relative date for the sinking of the Uluburun ship very near the end of LH IIIA:2 and within a few years, or at most decades, after the death of Akhenaten.
		Of equal importance is that dendrochronology gives an absolute date for the synchronization point in 1318 B.C., or shortly after, which narrows to approximately 1320-1295 B.C. the possible range of dates for the LH IIIA to IIIB transition, and rules out the "high" chronologies and favors the lower chronologies for Egyptian history.
	diveturkey.com /inaturkey/uluburun/dendrochron.htm (1088 words)

	Conservation of Uluburun artifacts
		The Uluburun shipwreck yielded a remarkable variety of materials in different states of preservation, allowing conservators to observe and treat a wide range of problems.
		The remains include logs of ebony and cedar, a leaf of a folded wooden writing tablet, the lid and base of two small containers, the "keel" and planks of the ship's hull, the branches of what may have been a woven bulwark, branches and twigs of dunnage, and many miscellaneous fragments.
		All Uluburun wood that was in plain water was put into a fungicidal solution of boric acid and borax.
	www.diveturkey.com /inaturkey/uluburun/conservation.htm (1232 words)

	MA/PhD Theses Abstracts of Current Students & Alumni - USF Anthropology Department
		uluburun shipwreck: the archaeological, historical, and isotopic evidence (Tykot).
		The aim of this study is to establish the provenance of the elephant and hippopotamus ivory recovered from the 14th century B.C. Uluburun shipwreck in order to reconstruct the trade mechanisms and associated social relationships (e.g.
		The Uluburun's cargo is reconstructed by the excavator, George Bass, as "royal," and primarily originates from Cyprus and Syro-Palestine.
	web1.cas.usf.edu /ant/theses/lafrenz-2004.htm (406 words)

	Uluburun Shipwreck - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Uluburun Shipwreck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Uluburun Shipwreck - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Uluburun Shipwreck.
		Here you will find more informations about Uluburun Shipwreck.
		* Cemal Pulak, Balance weights from the Late Bronze Age shipwreck at Uluburun in: C F E Pare (ed.) Circulation of Metals in Bronze Age Europe (Oxford 2000).
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Uluburun-Shipwreck.html (650 words)

	Shih-Han Samuel Lin - Thesis Abstract - Texas A&M University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Uluburun shipwreck was discovered in 1982 when a Turkish sponge diver informed the Institute of Nautical Archaeology (INA) of his discovery of metal biscuits with ears.
		The site at Uluburun revealed only a handful of disarticulated ship fragments; nevertheless, a meticulous study of these timbers and the distribution of the cargo and shipboard items on the seabed resulted in a hypothetical, but carefully guided, reconstruction of the ship and the lading of its cargo.
		The artifacts recovered from the Uluburun shipwreck are unlike those discovered on land in quality of preservation as well as the quantity found.
	nautarch.tamu.edu /anth/abstracts/Lin.htm (209 words)

	ANISTORITON: Internet Messages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Date: Sun, 23 Dec 2001 01:43:17 -0000 To: "Aegeanet" Some time ago I posted a message questioning the value of a dendro date of 1305 BC which was being widely cited for the Uluburun shipwreck.
		NB the dates still await formal publication, but given the virtual retraction of the date one imagines this may no longer be a priority.
		Assuming we now discount the Uluburun result, there now seem to be no published example of an LBA dendro date from Anatolia which clearly supports the accepted Egyptian-based chronology.
	www.anistor.co.hol.gr /english/enback/m021.htm (423 words)

	CURRICULUM VITAE
		Director, Uluburun (KaÕ) Excavation of the Institute of Nautical Archaeology (Late Bronze Age Shipwreck in Turkey), 1986-1994.
		Assistant Director, Uluburun (KaÕ) Excavation of the Institute of Nautical Archaeology (Late Bronze Age Shipwreck in Turkey), 1984-1986.
		The Italian Academy for Advanced Studies in America at Columbia University: “Evidence from the Uluburun Shipwreck for Cypriot Trade with the Aegean and Beyond,” November, 2000.
	nautarch.tamu.edu /SHIPLAB/vita-cemalpulak.htm (1005 words)

	A Voyage in the Life of An Egyptian Sailor: Sources
		Uluburun anchor: Pulak, Cemal and George F. Bass.
		Uluburun storage vessel: Pulak, Cemal and George F. Bass.
		Uluburun amphora: Pulak, Cemal and George F. Bass.
	instruct1.cit.cornell.edu /courses/nes262/studentproj/spring05/mjc75/sources.html (149 words)

	PUBLICATIONS
		Evidence from the Uluburun Shipwreck for Cypriot Trade with the Aegean and Beyond.
		The Cargo of Copper and Tin Ingots from the Late Bronze Age Shipwreck at Uluburun.
		Hull Construction of the Late Bronze Age Shipwreck at Uluburun.
	nautarch.tamu.edu /shiplab/vita-publications-cemalpulak.htm (772 words)

	Jun 1996 Michigan Today---Lessons from the world's oldest known shipwreck
		It is tempting to compare the database of artifacts from the Uluburun shipwreck to some of the letters preserved on clay tablets from the 14th century BC; the lists of objects exchanged between rulers, in a few cases, match the database practically verbatim.
		Thus, the contemporary evidence suggests the function of the Uluburun shipment was a combination of royal and private ventures.
		Like the Uluburun ship that was heavily loaded with the richest luxuries available at the time, it is possible that a top-heavy society, unable to satisfy a sufficient proportion of its members, collapsed under its own weight.
	www.umich.edu /~newsinfo/MT/96/Mar96/mta01m96.html (2682 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The world's oldest known wreck was discovered at Uluburun near Kas, and after years of work was lifted to the surface and placed on exhibit.
		This was followed by excavations of the Uluburun, Serce Limani, Roman, Yassiada Eastern Roman, Ottoman, Bozburun and Pabucburnu wrecks, all of which passed into archaeological literature and were followed with interest all over the world.
		The timbers of wrecked ships are destroyed within a few years by fireworms, but their cargoes often resist erosion by the sea water for thousands of years.
	www.turkradio.us /1/s2003_4_2.txt (920 words)

	Journal Excerpts Page 4
		Most of the Uluburun ingots are cobalt blue, but some are turquoise, and one is lavender.
		The blue cakes are identified in Egyptian as "lapis lazuli" and "genuine lapis lazuli," and the green cakes as "turquoise" and "genuine turquoise." The Uluburun ingots now allow Egyptologists to identify the blue and green cakes as blue and green glass ingots, unless they are specified as being "genuine" in the inscriptions.
		It came with the 1986 discovery at Uluburun of a wooden diptych with ivory hinge.
	www3.baylor.edu /tca/exrpts4.html (1131 words)

	Uluburun Shipwreck -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Uluburun Shipwreck -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		The ship was about 15 m long and could stow ca.
		The (A hole in the ground made by excavating) excavation of the Uluburun wreck was directed by George Bass of the (Click link for more info and facts about Institute of Nautical Archaeology) Institute of Nautical Archaeology between 1984 and 1994.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/U/Ul/Uluburun_Shipwreck.htm (643 words)

	Trade.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In 1982 C.E., a Turkish sponge-diver was diving near Uluburun, a rocky peninsula extending from Turkey's southern coastline.
		The date of the Uluburun ship has been placed towards the end of the fourteenth century B.C.E. One of the main methods used for dating the ship has been dendrochronology.
		We have seen from the work carried out on the shipwreck at Uluburun that there was a great deal of trade carried on between the different societies around the Mediterranean sea.
	score.rims.k12.ca.us /activity/mycenaean_Trace (1176 words)

	Johns Hopkins Magazine -- April 1997
		He and his INA colleagues have excavated two Bronze Age ships--the Uluburun wreck and another at Cape Gelidonya--that are most likely Canaanite.
		INA scientists had been training Turkish captains and divers on what to be alert for, and the captain recognized his diver's description as fitting that of an ancient ingot.
		If, as he strongly believes, the Gelidonya and Uluburun wrecks prove that Phoenician seafarers plied the Mediterranean in the Bronze Age, then there's no longer a discontinuity between Homer's accounts of 12th-century B.C.E. Greek heroes and his references to Phoenician sailors.
	www.jhu.edu /~jhumag/0497web/bass.html (4360 words)

	The University of Tulsa >> News/Events/Publications
		Bass says the excavations off the Turkish coast, at Cape Gelidonya and Uluburun, have rewritten much of Bronze Age history "by providing new insights into subjects as varied as Homeric studies and Egyptology, and the histories of literacy, metallurgy, glass, religion, art, music, weaponry, seafaring, trade and international relations at the time of King Tut."
		For example, writing tablets from the Uluburun wreck countered the belief by scholars that Homer's mention of writing in the Iliad and Odyssey referred to the more recent Iron Age, and a gold scarab suggests a different interpretation to Queen Nefertiti's rule in Egypt.
		The Uluburun wreck was excavated between 1984 and 1994, but a large, full-time staff is still working on it, conserving, drawing and cataloging the 20 tons of artifacts.
	www.utulsa.edu /news/article.asp?Key=849 (353 words)

	Bronze Age shipwreck at Uluburun: the oldest known shipwreck on the world (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Nevertheless, the research continues in INA Bodrum and in the Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology.
		Excavation of the l4th-century B.C. Late Bronze Age Uluburun Shipwreck was completed in September 1994.
		Since then, all efforts have been concentrated on full-time conservation, study, and sampling for analysis in the conservation laboratory in the Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology in Turkey.
	diveturkey.com /inaturkey/ulub.htm (101 words)

	Metal Ingots
		Upper surface of a typical copper ingot of ‘oxhide’ shape found on the Uluburun shipwreck.
		Archaeologist M. Tilev working on a row of copper ‘oxhide’ ingots(one of four rows in situ) found on the Uluburun shipwreck.
		Only half of the 354 copper ingots of this type from the wreck have been cleaned and conserved to date.
	ina.tamu.edu /ub-ingots.htm (278 words)

	Uluburun Shipwreck Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
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	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/Uluburun_Shipwreck (813 words)

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