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	Ulugh Beg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ulugh Beg, here depicted on a Soviet stamp, was one of Islam's greatest astronomers during the Middle Ages.
		Ulugh Beg was born in Sultaniyya in Iran.
		Ulugh Beg was also notable for his work in astronomy-related mathematics, such as trigonometry and spherical geometry.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ulugh_Beg (667 words)

	Ulugh_Beg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ulugh Beg was the grandson of the conqueror Timur, who is often known as Tamerlane (from Timur-I-Leng meaning Timur the Lame, a title of contempt used by his Persian enemies).
		Ulugh Beg's father Shah Rukh was the fourth son of Timur and, by 1407, he had gained overall control of most of the empire, including Iran and Turkistan regaining control of Samarkand.
		Ulugh Beg was primarily a scientist, in particular a mathematician and an astronomer.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Mathematicians/Ulugh_Beg.html (1274 words)

	Ulugh Beg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ulugh Beg primarily was known as a mathematician...
		Ulugh Beg (1394 - October 27, 1449) was a Timurid Empire ruler (1447 - 1449) and also astronomer, mathematician and sultan.
		The grandson of the conqueror Timur the Lame (1336-1405) and oldest son of Shah Rukh, both of whom came from the Turkic Barlas tribe of Transoxiana (present Uzbekistan), Ulugh Beg was born in Sultaniyya in modern-day Iran.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Ulugh_Beg (810 words)

	Ulugh Beg
		Ulugh Beg (1394-October 27, 1449), also Uluğ Bey, was a Timurid[?] astronomer, mathematician and sultan.
		Ulugh Beg was born in Sultaniyya in modern-day Iran.
		After Shah Rukh moved the capital to Herat (in modern Afghanistan), sixteen year-old Ulugh Beg was made the shah's governor in Samarkand in 1409.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ul/Ulugh_Beg.html (450 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/'Abd al-Latif
		He was the third son of Ulugh Beg, Timurid ruler of Transoxiana.
		During the succession struggle that followed the death of Shah Rukh, he occupied Herat, although after Ulugh Beg left the city at the end of 1448 it was conquered by Abu'l-Qasim Babur.
		Ulugh Beg later decided to surrender himself, and 'Abd al-Latif granted him permission to take a pilgrimage to Mecca, but while Ulugh Beg was on his way he was ordered murdered by his son.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/'Abd_al-Latif (232 words)

	IndeResearches
		Muhammed Taragai Ulugh Beg (1394-1449) was a Turk who ruled the province of Transoxiana (Maverannahr), a region situated between the River Oxus (Amu Darya) and the River Jaxartes (Syr Darya), the principal city of which was Samarkand.
		Ulugh Beg's grandfather was the famous conqueror Timur (1336-1405).
		Ulugh Beg became the ruler of Transoxiana in 1447 upon the death of his father.
	www.students.itu.edu.tr /~ahmedova/IndeULUG.htm (423 words)

	Ulugh Beg Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ulugh Beg (1394-October 27 1449) was a Timurid astronomer mathematician and sultan.
		The grandson of the conqueror Timur the Lame (1336 - 1405) and the oldest son of Shah Rukh both of whom came from the Turkic Barlas tribe of Transoxiana (present Uzbekistan) Ulugh Beg was born in Sultaniyya in modern-day Iran.
		In 1437 Ulugh Beg determined the length of the sidereal year as 365.2570370...d = 365d 6h 10m 8s (an error +58s).
	www.ebiog.com /biography/1111/ulugh-beg/bio.htm (530 words)

	Salaam Knowledge
		Ulugh Beg made Samarkand famous as one of the leading cities of and there, in 1424, established a madrasa, a centre of higher learning, where astronomy was taught.
		Ulugh Beg whose other interests were poetry, history and study of the Qur’an was assassinated in Samarkand and this catastrophe led to the neglect of the observatory and the City slowly phased out as the leading centre of astronomy.
		Ulugh Beg was born Muhammad Targai Ulugh Beg, the grandson of Tamerlane and son of Timurid king Shah Rukh, at Sultaniyya in Central Asia.
	www.salaam.co.uk /knowledge/biography/viewentry.php?id=1673 (366 words)

	The Hutchinson Dictionary of Scientific Biography: Beg, Ulugh (1394-1449)@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Beg was born at Sulaniyya in Central Asia (Persia) on 22 March 1394 and was brought up at the court of his grandfather Timur (Tamerlane).
		At the age of 15 Ulugh Beg became ruler of the city of Samarkand and the province of Maverannakhr.
		Although his grandfather was interested in conquest, Ulugh Beg's leanings were towards science and, in particular, astronomy.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:28909785&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (208 words)

	The Sheila Variations: Ulugh Beg Tutorial
		Ulugh Beg was an astronomer and mathematician, grandson of warrior Tamerlane.
		Ulugh Beg was only 16 years old when he became the leader of the great medieval oasis town - but instead of focusing on world conquest, or tribal slaughter, or trying to fill the shoes of his despotic grandfather, Ulugh Beg set out to transform Samarqand into a scientific and cultural center.
		Ulugh Beg catalogued over a thousand stars (this was in the 15th century, by the way) - He was the first person to put together such a comprehensive map of the heavens since Ptolemy.
	www.sheilaomalley.com /archives/002933.html (854 words)

	Al-Kashi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ulugh Beg invited Al-Kashi to join him at this school of learning in Samarkand, as well as around sixty other scientists including Qadi Zada.
		In 1424 Ulugh Beg began the construction of an observatory in Samarkand and, although the letters by al-Kashi are undated they were written at a time when construction of the observatory had begun.
		It is clear that al-Kashi was the best scientist and closest collaborator of Ulugh Beg at Samarkand and, despite al-Kashi's ignorance of the correct court behaviour and lack of polished manners, he was highly respected by Ulugh Beg.
	www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Mathematicians/Al-Kashi.html (1735 words)

	' +caption+ ' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ulugh Beg was the oldest son of Shahrukh, born in the city of Sultaniyah during his grandfather Timur's (Tamerlane's) campaign in northern Iran in 1394.
		Although for a time in the mid-1420s Ulugh Beg's armies waged a successful war for control of parts of Moghulistan (including Kashgar), increasingly he seems to have devoted himself to scholarly pursuits and patronage of the arts.
		Ulugh Beg was laid to rest in the Gur-i Mir at the feet of his grandfather (in the photo, Ulugh Beg's grave is in the foreground; Tamerlane's behind).
	depts.washington.edu /uwch/silkroad/cities/uz/samarkand/obser.html (1637 words)

	Qadi_Zada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ulugh Beg was only 17 years old when Qadi Zada met him at Samarkand in 1410.
		Meeting Ulugh Beg was certainly a turning point for Qadi Zada, for he would spend the rest of his life working in Samarkand.
		These seem to have been written for Ulugh Beg and it would appear that Qadi Zada was producing material as a teacher of the brilliant young mathematician.
	www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk /history/Mathematicians/Qadi_Zada.html (1056 words)

	[No title]
		Ulugh Beg himself has allowed that in scientific questions there should be no agreeing until the matter is thoroughly understood and that people should not pretend to understand in order to be pleasing.
		Ulugh Beg's observations being the best of their century allow them to stand as a permanent observational archive for our benefit.
		While recognition of Ulugh Beg's contributions to astronomy was delayed, an extensive body of information now exists on the activity of his observatory in Samarkand.[8] We now know that at the time Ulugh Beg's observatory flourished it was carrying out the most advanced observations and analysis being done anywhere.
	www.angelfire.com /on/paksoy/v5n1.html (10081 words)

	The Khwarzimic Science Society - Takveen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This man, whose name was Ulugh Beg found his way through sheer joys of childhood and inexorable youth, to a phase of life where seduced by the charms of heavens, he relentlessly pursued his obsession to unveil the secrets which lay hidden in the celestial bodies.
		After Ulugh Beg’s death, the Madrasa continued its work but slowly it declined and in the beginning of the eighteenth century its upper story was destroyed by rebels.
		Ulugh Beg found the latitude of Samarqand as 39 Degree 37 Minutes and 33 Seconds which was remarkably close to the original value which is 38 Degree 40 Minutes and 30 seconds.
	www.khwarzimic.org /takveen/ulugh (2509 words)

	Samarkand - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ulugh Beg Madrassa on the west was finished in 1420 under Ulugh Beg himself, and contains mosaics with astronomical themes.
		The major tombs belong to Timur and Ulugh Beg’s extended family and favorites, and are covered in fantastic majolica tile work.
		Ulugh Beg was probably more famous as an astronomer than a ruler.
	www.vacilando.org /_cliextra/baghdadmuseumorg/includepage.php?title=Samarkand&action=edit (1378 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ulugh Beg built a three-storied astronomical observatory which was perhaps the largest and the most active in the whole world.
		From observing the altitude of the Pole Star Ulugh Beg's observatory determined the latitude of Samarkand to be 30 degrees 30 minutes and 17 seconds.
		Ulugh Beg himself would participate in these, and he wanted to be treated as just another scholar, not as a king.
	www.metanexus.net /metanexus_online/printer_friendly.asp?5894 (1354 words)

	Ulugh Beg - Metaweb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ulugh Beg's most famous pupil in mathematics was Ghiyath al-Kashi (circa 1370-1429).
		His own particular interest was in astronomy, and in 1428 he built an enormous observatory, called the Gurkhani Zij, similar to Tycho Brahe's later Uranienborg.
		The same year in 1437 Ulugh Beg determined the length of the sidereal year of 365.2570370...d = 365d 6h 10m 8s (an error +58s).
	www.metaweb.com /wiki/wiki.phtml?title=Ulugh_Beg&printable=yes (523 words)

	timur_architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		His eldest son, Ulugh Beg (1394-1449) was appointed governor of Samarkand, while his second son, Baysunghur (1399-1433) served as his wazir in the capital.
		Ulugh Beg, who ruled over the empire during the two years between his father's death and his own, was one of the greatest astronomers that the world has ever seen.
		It is perhaps fitting that Ulugh Beg, more a scholar than a military or religious leader, has left an educational institution as his primary contribution to the architecture of Samarkand.
	www.mertebe.org /English/Turkmenistan/history/timur_architecture.html (7630 words)

	Footnotes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ulugh Beg was the grandson of the Asian (Mongol) conquerer Timur.
		His father captured the city of Samarkand and gave it to Ulugh Beg.
		Ulugh Beg's politics were not up to his science and, on his father's death, he was unable to achieve power despite being an only son.
	www.math.tamu.edu /~dallen/history/arab/footnode.html (148 words)

	ULUGH BEG - LoveToKnow Article on ULUGH BEG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The hierophants of this Ultramontane system are to be found in the Society of Jesus (See JESUITS).
		(C. ULUGH BEG, MIRZA MAHOMMED BEN SHAH ROK (1394-1449), Persian astronomer, son of the shah Rok and grandson of Timur, succeeded his father as prince of Samarkand in 1447, after having for years taken part in the government, and was murdered in 1449 by his eldest son.
		He erected an observatory at Samarkand, from which were issued tables of the sun, moon and planets, with an interesting introduction, which throws much light on the trigonometry and astronomical methods then in use (Prolegomenes des tables astroncmiques d'Oidoug Beg, ed.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /U/UL/ULUGH_BEG.htm (1317 words)

	Arabic Science: Forgotten Brilliance
		Ulugh Beg was a scientist, in particular a mathematician and an astronomer.
		In 1417, to push forward the study of astronomy, Ulugh Beg began building a madrasah which is a center for higher education.
		After the madrasah was completed, Ulugh Beg began to appoint the best scientists he could find to positions there as lecturers.
	www.meshrep.com /uighurscholars/DrMuhtarAhat/Arabic_ScienceI.htm (827 words)

	Afghanland.com Afghanistan Famous Atronomer Astronomy
		Were it only for his role as prince, viceroy, and martyr, few scholars would know of Ulugh Beg.
		From it we deduce that serious astronomical activity began in Samarkand in 1408-10, and that the construction of Ulugh Beg's observatory was begun in 1420.
		Amongthe astronomers known to have been active at Samarkand, we know only a few by name, but according to al-Kashi there were sixty or seventy scholars at the madrasa who were well enough versed in mathematics to participate in some capacity in the astronomical observations and/or seminars.
	www.afghanland.com /history/astro.html (677 words)

	Ulugh Beg -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ulugh Beg was a failure in more mundane affairs.
		From 1417 to 1420 Ulugh Beg founded a madrasah (Islamic school for the study of theology, law, logic, mathematics, and natural science) in Samarkand to which he invited the greatest scholars of his realm.
		Nadir Qoli Beg was born in Kobhan, Iran, on Oct. 22, 1688, into one of the Turkish tribes loyal to the Safavid shahs of Iran.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9074183 (881 words)

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