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	Umayyad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, one of the grandest architectural legacies of the Umayyads.
		The Umayyad clan had bitter rivalry with the Hashim clan (from which came the Abbasid clan), especially as Abu Sufian was the most determined and bitterest enemy of Muhammad, and sought to exterminate the adherents of the new religion, by waging a series of battles.
		This established the Umayyad dynasty, and the capital of the caliphate was moved to Damascus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Umayyad (1308 words)

	Umayyad Mosque - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Aramaean presence was attested by the discovery of a basalt orthostat depicting a sphinx, excavated in the north-east corner of mosque.
		The new mosque was the most impressive in the Islamic world at the time, and the interior walls were covered with fine mosaics, considered to depict paradise, or possibly the Ghouta which tradition holds so impressed Muhammad that he declined to enter it, preferring to taste paradise in the afterlife.
		The interior of the mosque is reminiscent of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Umayyad_Mosque (628 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Umayyad
		Abd al-Malik ABD AL-MALIK [Abd al-Malik], c.646-705, 5th Umayyad caliph (685-705); son of Marwan I. At his accession, Islam was torn by dissension and threatened by the Byzantine Empire.
		The Umayyad congregational mosque of Jarash in Jordan and its relationship to early mosques.(Research)
		Interior of the Mosque of the Umayyad dynasty.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Umayyad (577 words)

	Acclaim Images - mosque posters and art prints
		0222-0605-2419-5728: A Minaret of The Umayyad Mosque, Al-Hamidiyya Souk District of Damascus, Syria
		0206-0603-0511-3055: The Sultan Tekke Mosque in Larnaca Cyprus
		0206-0603-0511-2354: The Sultan Tekke Mosque in Larnaca Cyprus
	www.acclaimimages.com /_gallery/_print_terms/mosque.html (2363 words)

	Old Damascus [Oldamascus.com] :: The Omayyad Mosque
		Moreover, Omayyad Mosque takes a special position in the history of the mosque itself and represents the history of architecture, particularly the Islamic architectural techniques, due to its special distinction, hugeness and luxurious ornamentations, paintings and mosaic which decorate the walls of the mosque forming some great coordinated masterpieces.
		The Omayyad Mosque is considered as on of the most important architectural achievements during the early stages of the Islamic state.
		Muslims and Christians used to enter the mosque from the same gate: Muslims were supposed to pray in the eastern side, while Christians had to pray in the western side.
	www.oldamascus.com /umayyad.htm (325 words)

	washingtonpost.com: For First Time, a Pope Sets Foot in a Mosque (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The pope's visit to the Umayyad mosque served as a recognition that the two religions share some ideas and prophets, even as they differ on theological issues such as the divinity of Christ and the nature of the Koran.
		The Umayyad mosque was built in 705 on a site that was once used for pagan sacrifices in honor of the Roman god Jupiter; it later became a Christian basilica.
		At the peak of the Umayyad caliph's rule from Damascus, it was converted to a mosque, with relics of John the Baptist, known to Muslims as the prophet Yahya, given a central place.
	www.library.cornell.edu /colldev/mideast/popsyr.htm (965 words)

	Umayyad
		The Umayyads were the descendants of Ummayya ibn Abdi sh-Shams, a member of the Quraysh family of Mecca.
		The Umayyads are most famous for the buildings they erected, like the Dome of the Rock and the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem (690s) and the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus (705).
		The Umayyads were overthrown in 750 by the Abbasids.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/umayyad.htm (410 words)

	Damascus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Umayyad Mosque, Damascus: The dome springing from the octagonal drum of the mosque.
		The Umayyad Mosque, Damascus: The treasury in the courtyard.
		The Umayyad Mosque, Damascus: Interior of the mosque.
	ic.ucsc.edu /~langdale/arth139/damascus.htm (258 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Umayyad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Umayyad Dynasty (Arabic بنو أمية banū umayya / الأمويون al-umawiyyūn); Persian امویان (Omaviyân), Turkish, Emevi,) was the first dynasty of caliphs of the Prophet Muhammad who were not closely related to Muhammad himself, though they were of the same Meccan tribe, the Quraish.
		Ironically, the Quraishi clan from which the Umayyads originated had originally been bitter enemies of Muhammad.
		Later when Ali was assassinated in 661, his son Hasan pledged allegiance to Muawiyah and Muawiyah was declared caliph of all Muslim lands.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Umayyad (412 words)

	Umayyads
		The Umayyad house was one of the major clans of the Quraysh tribe.
		Discontent with the Umayyad regime manifested itself with the rebellion of Zayd b.
		The last Umayyad caliph of Syria, Marwan II (744-750), attempted to restore order, but by this time the Abbasid revolutionary movement had gained momentum in the eastern provinces of the empire.
	www.princeton.edu /~batke/itl/denise/umayyads.htm (650 words)

	Syria Gate - About Syria - Aleppo - The Great Mosque (The Umayyad Mosque) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The site of the Great Mosque is the former Agora from the Hellenistic period, which later became the garden for the Cathedral of St. Helena, during the Christian era.
		It was built by the Umayyad Caliph al Walid, who had earlier founded the Great Mosque in Damascus.
		This mosque has an enormous 45-meter minaret, which is completely detached from it, built by the Seljuks in 1070.
	www.syriagate.com /Syria/about/cities/Aleppo/great_mosque.htm (250 words)

	Special Report
		The mosque replaced the Christian basilica of Saint John the Baptist, which itself was erected on the site of the Roman Temple of Jupiter.
		The mosque, open to every sect in the Muslim community, is utilized for worship and as a resting or meeting place.
		Along with millions of visitors throughout the centuries to the Ummayed mosque, Pope John Paul II cannot fail to be impressed by the true majestic quality of Islam and its message of devotion and peace.
	www.wrmea.com /archives/may-june01/0105066.html (1070 words)

	Syria Gate - About Syria - Damascus - The Umayyad Mosque (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		One is that Herod sent it to Damascus so that the Romans could be sure of his execution, while another is that when the Arabs took over the church, John the Baptist's blood bubbled and when the church was demolished his head was found underneath it with skin and hair.
		The plan of the mosque is quite simple, there is a magnificent courtyard which is heavily decorated by mosaics.
		This mosque is one of the few mosques that has three minarets, Minaret of the Bride (9th and 12th centuries), Minaret of Qat Bey (15th century), and the Minaret of Jesus (13th century).
	www.syriagate.com /Syria/about/cities/Damascus/umayyad.htm (340 words)

	The Umayyad Ruins of Anjar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Among the chief structures are the Palace I and the Mosque in the south-east quarter, the residential area in the southwest, the Palace II in the northwest and the Palace III and public bath in the northeast.
		The mosque had two public entrances and a private one for the caliph.
		These Umayyad baths contain the three classical sections of the Roman bath: the vestiary where patrons changed clothing before their bath and rested afterwards, and three rooms for cold, warm, and hot water.
	www.mousaleranjar.com /umayyadruins.htm (1542 words)

	The Islamic World to 1600: The Caliphate and the First Islamic Dynasty (Umayyad Dynasty) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Umayyad Dynasty, begun by Mu'awiya, was in place for nearly 100 years, with Mu'awiya ruling for the first 20 years.
		The Umayyads established the practice of hereditary succession for the caliph, the leader of the Muslim world.
		The Umayyads were also responsible for the Muslim conquest of North Africa, Spain, and Central Asia.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/islam/caliphate/umayyad.html (185 words)

	Umayyad Architecture - History for Kids!
		People didn't build a lot of new buildings during the Umayyad period, mainly because they were busy getting organized after the Islamic conquests, and because the Umayyad dynasty didn't rule very long.
		Another early Umayyad building was the Great Mosque in the Umayyad capital of Damascus (in modern Syria), which was built about 710 AD.
		The striped stone, which is also found on the inside of the Dome of the Rock, became a very common choice in Islamic architecture, and was soon copied in Italy too, for instance in the cathedrals of Florence and Pisa.
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/islam/architecture/umayyad.htm (338 words)

	BBC News \| MIDDLE EAST \| Inside the Umayyad mosque
		And it comes from the Umayyad mosque at the heart of the city, built on land that has been sacred for three millennia.
		In the middle stands a microphone connected to the mosque's speakers, surrounded by a group of singers.
		There is even a Christian shrine in the mosque - the tomb of the head of St John the Baptist.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/middle_east/1315190.stm (492 words)

	Umayyad - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The most notable of these movements was the Abbasid, which eventually succeeded in toppling the last Ummayad caliph, Marwan II, in 750.
		A branch of the Ummayad family, led by Abd ar-Rahman ad-Dakhil, was able to reach Cordoba and to reestablish Umayyad rule (780-1031) in Muslim Spain.
		Prayer in the Mosque of the Umayyad dynasty.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-umayyad.html (525 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Region \| Plea for peace and forgiveness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		First, this mosque, the fourth holiest in Islam, is known as the "mother of mosques" since it incorporated features -- prayer niche, pulpit and minarets -- which became standard in all Muslim houses of worship.
		Although this was not equivalent to the apology offered to the Orthodox, it amounted to an admission by the leader of the world's one billion Catholics that their church had also committed sins against Muslims, who now number over one billion.
		The pope followed up his visit to the mosque with prayers in the hollow shell of the Greek Orthodox Church of Our Lady (the Virgin Mary, venerated by both Muslims and Christians) in the ghost town of Qunaitra, located on the edge of the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2001/533/re5.htm (883 words)

	Pope, in Damascus, Reaches Out for Unity With Mosque Visit
		Today in front of the mosque, in the old walled city of Damascus, the square was festooned with Vatican and Syrian flags.
		Just outside the mosque compound is the tomb of Saladin, who led the Muslim armies that took Jerusalem from Crusaders in the 12th century.
		The pope's visit to the mosque was not as much of a breakthrough as his visit to a Roman synagogue in 1986, a dramatic step to reconcile Catholics and Jews that because of the Holocaust was uniquely significant.
	www.cephas-library.com /catholic/catholic_pope_in_damascus.html (1662 words)

	Great Mosque of Cordoba, Spain, Umayyad Mosque - Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		When the Umayyad were supplanted by the Abbasids in 750 and the centre of Islam relocated from Damascus, Syria to Baghdad, Iraq, a Umayyad prince named Abed Al-Rahman I moved to Spain where Muslims were already established and founded a dynasty with Cordoba as its capital.
		In 929 a restored Umayyad caliphate was set up in Cordoba, in rivalry with the Abbasids in Baghdad: by any standard, Cordoba was the richest, most sophisticated city in Europe.
		The prayer hall's size is due not merely to the mosque's importance as a spiritual center for the western Islamic empire, but also to the size of the city, with its massive population, necessitating a large prayer hall with many aisles.
	www.islamicarchitecture.org /architecture/thegreatmosquecordoba.html (1447 words)

	Syria Holiday Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Of these, the Umayyad Mosque, or Great Mosque, is the most important.
		Said to have been a pagan temple, it was converted into a Christian church at the end of the 4th century.
		Other noteworthy mosques are the Sinani-yah, with a striking green-tiled minaret, and the Tekkeyah, which was founded in 1516 on the riverbank west of the city as a refuge for poor pilgrims.
	www.holidaystoday.co.uk /holidayreviewsAsiasyria.htm (288 words)

	UMAYYAD MOSQUE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The upper parts of the Mosque were renovated during the Ayubid, Mamulk and Ottoman eras.
		The Mosque has a large prayer hall and an enormous courtyard.
		The Mosque has the tomb of St. John the Baptist.
	www.syriantours.net /Arch_Details.asp?AcrID=130 (130 words)

	The Art of the Umayyad Period (661-750 A.D.) \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Umayyad period is often considered the formative period in
		As with the arts, the Umayyad period was also critical in the development of Islamic architecture.
		Also significant are the mosques of Damascus (706), where the site of the former Roman temple and fourth-century Byzantine church dedicated to Saint John the Baptist was transformed into the congregational mosque of the Umayyad capital, and of Jerusalem (709–15).
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/umay/hd_umay.htm (588 words)

	Damascus Old City and the Umayyad - by travel authority Howard Hillman
		The top tourist draw of Damascus Old City is the Umayyad (also spelled Omayyad) Mosque.
		Other Umayyad Mosque marvels include the vast courtyard (for scale, notice the blue-robed person in the photo) and the stunning mosaic work on the walls and archways.
		Today the Umayyad Mosque is the fourth holiest site of Islam (after Mecca, Medina and the Dome of the Rock).
	www.hillmanwonders.com /damascus/damascus.htm (223 words)

	Antiquity: The Umayyad congregational mosque of Jarash in Jordan and its relationship to early mosques.(Research)@ ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Antiquity: The Umayyad congregational mosque of Jarash in Jordan and its relationship to early mosques.(Research)@ HighBeam Research
		Mosques constitute one of the principal defining features of urban life in Islam (Grabar 1973: Chapter 5; Frishman & Khan 1994; Hillenbrand 1999b: Chapter II; Insoll 1999; see also Johns 1999 for a critical assessment of the origin of the mosque).
		From the earliest years of the Muslim community the mosque provided an essential focal point for the faithful, regardless of how unsophisticated the first structures were, such as is seen, for instance, with the foundation mosques of Basra (AD 635) and Kufa (AD 637/670) and the first Mosque of 'Amr in al-Fustat (AD...
	highbeam.com /doc/1G1:134816385/The+Umayyad+congregational+mosque+... (192 words)

	[No title]
		The Umayyad Great Mosque in Damascus is the oldest surviving stone mosque.
		It was constructed sometime between 705 AD and 715 AD by Caliph al-Walid I. Of the original structure, there remains a shrine which supposedly contains a relic valued by Muslims and Christians.....the head of St. John the Baptist.
		Questions or comments about this website should be directed to the webmaster.
	www.duke.edu /religion/graphic/umayyad.html (75 words)

	Umayyad Designs (23 Images)
		This collection of 23 Images includes designs found in the famous Umayyad Mosque in Damascus.
		Unlike traditional geometric figures often found in Arabesque designs, the designs in the Umayyad are of nature, trees, and even include tainted glass designs - not too distant from Christian tradition.
		Perhaps the fact that the Mosque was built on top of the church where John the Baptist is said to be burried had something to do with this.
	www.tidwit.com /ItemView.asp?d=58436701-BB7C-4BBE-A42F-FF95211847F9 (135 words)

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