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Topic: Umma Party

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Sadiq al Mahdi

History of Sudan

	Sudan - Umma Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		During the last period of parliamentary democracy, the Umma Party was the largest in the country, and its leader, Sadiq al Mahdi served as prime minister in all coalition governments between 1986 and 1989.
		Originally founded in 1945, the Umma was the political organization of the Islamic Ansar movement.
		Sadiq al Mahdi indicated approval of political positions adopted by the Umma Party during his detention, including joining with the SPLM and northern political parties in the National Democratic Alliance opposition grouping.
	countrystudies.us /sudan/68.htm (367 words)

	Literature
		The regime considered the negotiation team of the Umma party as if it was the whole party and signed with it an agreement and incorporated them in their government like the other satellite parties.
		Dr. Ibrahim Al-Amin an Umma leader was summoned to the security forces headquarters 2 weeks ago because he was co-ordinating with other political forces to write a message to the parties to the military conflict requesting their return back to the negotiation table at the ongoing IGAD peace process.
		Umma students organized a symposium on August 2002 and took permission from the deanship, in spite of that they were prevented.
	www.umma.org /04e8.html (1216 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Region \| Umma goes home -- alone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The return of a portion of Umma leadership to Sudan was preceded by the release of a statement by a number of Umma figures who remain in exile condemning the Al-Mahdi faction's decision to withdraw from the NDA.
		The return of some Umma Party leaders, meanwhile, is likely to strengthen the position of President Al-Bashir in his current conflict with his former closest ally and NIF leader, Hassan Al-Turabi.
		Commenting on the return of the Umma leaders, Al-Turabi, who was parliament speaker before Al-Bashir decided last December to dissolve the parliament and declare a state of emergency, warned the opposition against thinking that their return would weaken the ruling Islamic government.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2000/477/re4.htm (717 words)

	Umma Party (Sudan) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Another faction of The Umma Party (General Leadership) is led by Dr. al Sadiq al Hadi al Mahdi who is the first cousin of Sadiq al Mahdi.
		Dr al Sadiq is the son of Imam al Hadi al Mahdi who led a faction of the Umma Party that rivaled a faction that was led by Sadiq al Mahdi.
		The Umma Party (General Leadership) is part of the current government and has agreed to continue cooperation with Sudan's ruling National Congress Party in the pre-interim period after 2008.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Umma_Party_(Sudan) (285 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Region \| Dissension in the ranks
		When Umma Party leader Al-Mahdi fled Khartoum in December 1996, ostensibly to be closer to the nerve centre of opposition forces in Asmara, hopes were high that he would strengthen the opposition's resolve to topple the government in Khartoum.
		Meanwhile, Umma leader Al-Mahdi dismissed the NDA as an organisation controlled by "scheming communists" and "southern secessionists." Al-Mahdi told the Weekly, "The SPLA has been negotiating with the [Sudanese] government in Nairobi and Kampala [the capital of Uganda].
		The Umma Party leader believes that Al-Bashir is serious in his desire to allow the restoration of democracy in Sudan and reports are rife about the possible return of Al-Mahdi to Khartoum.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2000/474/re4.htm (985 words)

	University of Minnesota Human Rights Library
		While her claims may be true, the State party deems information about the level of generality she obtained from the London Umma branch to be less significant than the complete absence of documentary evidence from the complainant himself regarding his Umma membership and his alleged reputation as a political dissident.
		The State party also refers to information from the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade from April 2000, which indicated that the Umma party and the Sudanese government were attempting to reconcile their differences.
		The State party objects to admissibility on the grounds that the complainant has not established a prima facie case of a violation of article 3, but the Committee is of the view that the complainant has provided sufficient information in substantiation of his claim to consider his complaint on the merits.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/cat/decisions/148-1999.html (3907 words)

	Management of the Crisis in the Sudan. Position statements: Ahmed Ibrahim Diriage
		And then later on I joined the Umma Party, and when the Umma Party was divided between Imam al Hadi and Sayyid El Sadiq el Mahdi, I stood with Sadiq al Mahdi, because we were calling for the liberalization of the party, to make it a modern party.
		The Umma party is formed by Nubians, the DUP is formed by Nubians, the Communist Party is by Nubians, the National Islamic Front by Nubians.
		So this I gave as an example that the Umma Party knew that the base was in Darfur, but never tried to say, well, look the people of Darfur deserve this and that until we pressured and we asked for it.
	www.fou.uib.no /fd/1996/f/712001/poahmed.htm (2877 words)

	Sayyid Abdullah Khalil Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		On the one hand, Khalil's Umma party was strongly supported by the Mahdists, who had driven the Egyptians from the Sudan in the late 19th century.
		In 1948 the Umma party received a majority of the seats in the new Legislative Assembly, in which Abdullah Khalil quickly emerged as the principal leader.
		The Umma party and the PDP could find common cause in their opposition to al-Azhari; they could not, however, agree on a common program to deal with the major problems facing the newly independent Sudan.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/sayyid-abdullah-khalil (1012 words)

	A short history of Sudan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Sayid Abdel Rahman al-Mahdi of the Umma Party (1952-1953) and Ismail al-Azhari of the NUP (1953-1956) become chief ministers.
		After elections in 1986 a government is formed by Sadiq al-Mahdi of the Umma Party, consisting of a coalition of the Umma, DUP, the National Islamic Front (Hassan al-Turabi’s NIF) and several southern parties.
		In 1999 the leader of the former NIF, al-Turabi is stripped of his posts in the ruling party and the government, parliament was disbanded, the constitution was suspended and a state of national emergency is declared by presidential decree.
	www.electionworld.org /history/sudan.htm (701 words)

	7DAYS » Kuwait party call (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		State security summoned leaders of the Umma Party for interrogation last week, saying they were "trying to change the regime" in Kuwait, which bans parties but tolerates some associations.
		"The party presented today to the speaker and members of the National Assembly a proposal on organising the affairs of political parties and political groupings so that it would be presented as a draft law," Umma Party said in statement.
		"Umma Party is committed to peaceful political work in line with the constitution and law, and renews its call for political reform by allowing plurality and political parties," it said.
	www.7days.ae /2005/05/10/kuwait-party-call.html (271 words)

	Al-Siyassa Al-Dawliya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Parties resorted to undemocratic practices as a result of intense competition and political manoeuvring, which brought about the dismissal of the Sudanese Communist Party from the founding association.
		The proposals of all the parties were referred to the Commission of 12, formed in June 1965, made up of six representatives from the northern parties and six from the southern ones.
		After the Umma Party took the majority of seats in parliament in the elections of April 1986, the prime minister, Al-Sayyed Al-Sadeq Al-Mahdi, dissolved and reformed his government, which he did a number of times during the three-year period of democracy as a result of its inability to deal effectively with the country’s problems.
	www.siyassa.org.eg /ESiyassa/ahram/2005/7/1/REPO12.HTM (3993 words)

	Sudan'
		Historically, the DUP and its predecessors were plagued by factionalism, stemming largely from the differing perspectives of secular-minded professionals in the party and the more traditional religious values of their Khatmiyyah supporters.
		parties opposed the SCP, and, consequently, the progression of civilian andmilitary governments alternately banned and courted the party until 1971,when Nimeiri accused the SCP of complicity in an abortive military coup.
		SAFs remarkable growth has born out the belief that there is a thirst in Sudan for a new democratic,secular, non-regional party -- a party dedicated to establishing a functioning democracy in a "New Sudan", a party of new ideas, a party untainted by the failures and catastrophes of recent Sudanese history.
	members.tripod.com /~abdelaati/general3.html (1728 words)

	Egypt - Economy and Society under Occupation
		The Umma Party was founded by Mahmud Sulayman Pasha, a former leader of the assembly and ally of Colonel Urabi, and Hasan Abd ar Raziq, among others.
		Implicit in the Umma program was the idea of tactical cooperation and eventual negotiation with the British on the future of Egypt, an idea that Kamil and the National Party rejected.
		The National Party was described as "extremist" because of its demand for the immediate withdrawal of the British, while the Umma Party was called "moderate" because of its gradualist approach to independence from British domination.
	countrystudies.us /egypt/27.htm (972 words)

	The Prospects for a Sustainable Peace in the Sudan
		By assuming the religious leadership of the Umma Party at the party’s recent convention as well as holding its political leadership and maintaining its integrity in the face of his cousin Mubarak Al-Fadl Al-Mahdi’s defection to the government, Al-Sadig contends that the party is more united and committed than ever.
		The Umma Party has resolved its problems of dialogue with the SPLM/A and this development also challenges the viability of a bi-lateral peace agreement, or at least an agreement that ends with the IGAD process.
		In addition, the Umma Party and Al-Sadig personally have made clear their support for an unambiguous self-determination for the south, something that has not always been the case with the government, and hence he contends that the SPLM/A would find the Umma Party a more acceptable bargaining party.
	www.issafrica.org /AF/current/sudanmay03.htm (1733 words)

	Sudan
		Umma Party a banned political party which was the senior mainstream political party in the coalition governments between 1987-89, associated with the traditional Islamic sect of the Ansar and its spiritual leaders, the Mahdi family
		Constitutional Decree No. 2 stated that "all political parties and groups are to be disbanded, and it is illegal for them to be established or to remain active." The decree also banned all trade unions and federations and confiscated their funds andproperties, and canceled all licenses issued to non-religious institutions and societies.
		In 1996 the ban on political parties remains intact, although seven years have passed and the elimination of political parties appears intended to be a permanent political arrangement, not a temporary measure.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1996/Sudan.htm (15342 words)

	Welcome to SudanTribune...
		Moutamar Sha'bi Party (the NIF opposition faction) and the SPLM, as well as the State of Eritrea, of supporting the DarFur warring groups (December 29, 2003) is apparently indicative of the authority's fear of the closing episode of despotic rule.
		The Umma party almost stays in a middle line between opposition stands and the governing regime under ambiguous terms of the Djibouti Declaration 2000, which did not clearly specify any governance share of the Umma with the ruling regime.
		Whether the NIF opposing faction is party or not with the DarFur warring groups, the fact remains that both NIF factions are internationally obligated to the Brotherhood International Movement.
	www.mafhoum.com /press6/174P8.htm (879 words)

	TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents
		The government, headed by Prime Minister Sadiq al-Mahdi of the Umma Party, consisted of a coalition of the Umma, DUP (formerly NUP), the National Islamic Front (Hassan al-Turabi’s NIF) and several southern parties.
		A cease-fire between the parties was signed in N’djamena, Chad, on April 8, 2004; despite the deployment of an African Union observer force to monitor implementation of the cease-fire and investigate violations, violence has continued.
		The resolution also calls on all parties to resume the Abuja talks and to support a peaceful settlement to the conflict in Darfur; it also forms a monitoring committee charged with enforcing a travel ban and asset freeze of those determined to impede the peace process, or violate human rights.
	www.traveldocs.com /sd/history.htm (3389 words)

	Dietrich Reetz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The back-bone of the party was formed by followers of `Abd ar-Rahmân al-Mahdî, a posthumous son of Muhammad Ahmad ibn Abdallah, the Sudanese Mahdi who formed the Mahdist movement during the1880s.
		The Umma Party is part of the Northern Sudanese political elite that came into power after independence.
		It traces the development of the Umma Party up to present and shows its current political programme, with its final acceptance of the multicultural and multireligious character of the Sudan, to be the result of a learning process.
	www.zmo.de /Dietrich/summary_Islam_movements.html (2347 words)

	Umma Party- Sudan
		The Sudanese Patriots who established Umma Party in Feb 1945 as the fist Popular Political Party, aimed at attaining the country’s independence from the Condominium Reign.
		The Umma Party is the Party of Sudanese Independence.
		It championed that cause until it became the basis for Sudanese consensus in 1955.
	www.umma.org /English.html (182 words)

	Islamism, Politics and the Constitution in the Sudan: Religion and Peacemaking: U.S. Institute of Peace
		The former include the Umma, the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), the Sudanese Communist Party, the Muslim Brotherhood (known under several names the last of which is the National Islamic Front (NIF)), the Republican Brothers, and smaller Arab nationalist parties (a pro-Iraq and a pro-Syria Ba'th parties and a Nasserite Movement).
		Compared to Umma and DUP, the NIF is a modern party that first emerged in the 1940s as an off-shoot of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood.
		Even though the party has distinguished itself from other communist parties by its staunch advocacy of liberal democracy, it consistently refuses to associate the words "democracy" and "secularism." Partially, this may be explained by the fact that the party has mostly remained active in northern Sudan to which the overwhelming majority of its membership belongs.
	www.usip.org /religionpeace/rehr/sudanconf/abdelmoula.html (7459 words)

	National Democratic Alliance Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The first signatories to the NDA charter, drafted underground, were the Umma Party, the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and the Communist Party of Sudan (CPS).
		In 1989 and 1990 many of the leaders of Sudanese political parties managed to leave the country, including Mohamed Osman al-Mirgani of the DUP, Mubarak al-Fadil al-Mahdi of the Umma Party, and Izzeddin Ali Amer of the CPS.
		At a later stage, especially after the withdrawal of the Umma Party from the NDA and the obvious ineffectiveness of the military actions in Eastern Sudan, a new strategy of a Negotiated Solution was adopted by the NDA.
	www.iisg.nl /archives/en/files/n/10929940full.php (1433 words)

	Sudanese Political Parties
		The SCP also was one of the few parties that recruited members in the south.
		The various religiously affiliated parties opposed the SCP, and, consequently, the progression of civilian and military governments alternately banned and courted the party until 1971, when Nimeiri accused the SCP of complicity in an abortive military coup.
		The Baath Party of Sudan was relatively small and sided with the Baath Party of Iraq in the major schism that divided this pan-Arab party into pro-Iraqi and pro-Syrian factions.
	www.sudan.net /government/parties.html (1566 words)

	Information Society - A Middle East Gateway for nonprofit organizations
		The NIF ruling party secretary-general Ahmed Ibrahim Omer urged his government “not to collaborate with the international prosecution of the suspects” identified by the UN Commission as perpetrators of gross human rights violations in the region of Darfur.
		The Umma pragmatic policy, however, did not strengthen the party’s relations with the government, to say nothing of the short-lived collaboration of the Umma dissident faction with the military rulers before the latter purged the former in a humiliating show down a few months ago.
		And yet, the Umma obscured pragmatism has not yet enhanced the party’s ties with the opposition movement to help exert unified pressures on the repressive regime, or to resolve the Darfur crisis, in spite of the mounting national and international concerns about the country’s fate.
	www.mengos.net /articles/05/sudan/tiganiapril.htm (1178 words)

	Introduction: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The NDA is composed of the political parties, trade unions, and officers of the Legitimate Command of the Sudanese Armed Forces, the armed factions and independent national personalities which signed the NDA's National Charter of October 1989.
		The Umma* party suspended its membership in the NDA on March 2000, though it is committed to the NDA’s resolutions and declarations.
		The congress is to be composed of the representatives of all the political parties, trade unions, military, and women federations, students organizations and independent personalities that are members of the NDA.
	www.ndasudan.org /English/intro/index.htm (691 words)

	[Islam-Online- Top News]
		All were represented by a united delegation at a congress earlier this month of the NDA in exile, held in Asmara, Eritrea, where Umma split from the rest of the movement, in the culmination of a crisis triggered when former prime minister Sadek al-Mahdi began talks with the regime last December.
		The moderate Muslim Umma movement, headed by Mahdi, had led a government coalition, which was ousted in a June 1989 coup, backed by Islamic hardliners, which brought General Bashir to power.
		Nugdalla said the party was seeking to unify the NDA in exile and to rally people around a political settlement bid, pressing the government for measures conducive to national dialogue with the opposition.
	www.islamonline.net /iol-English/dowalia/news-28-3-2000/topnews5.asp (640 words)

	156 Parties to Run in Iraq Elections
		Ayar said 212 parties applied for certification but 56 were rejected for failing to meet criteria.
		Also among those approved was the Iraqi Islamic Party, a Sunni group that had threatened to boycott the election to protest the U.S.-led offensive against Fallujah.
		Below is a list of the major political parties registered for the election and their leaders.
	www.aina.org /news/20041123105549.htm (387 words)

	Sudan News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Five students were wounded and 27 arrested after police used batons to break up the anniversary rally, the Umma party of former premier Sadiq al-Mahdi said.
		He said the crackdown was sparked by the party's determination to mark the 20th anniversary of the overthrow of Jaafer Nimeiri's one-party regime in 1985, which ushered in a brief period of multi-party democracy before the 1989 coup that brought President Omar al-Beshir to power.
		One of Sudan's oldest political movements, ironically the Umma party led the way in seeking peace with the Khartoum regime.
	www.sudaneseonline.com /enews2005/apr7-89271.shtml (491 words)

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